ALBERTA HISTORY 1908-1909

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John Palm was one of many people who immigrated to Alberta to start a homestead.  Originally from Finland, John and his wife Johanna and their three children Frank, Ailie, and William had been living in the United States prior to settling on a central Alberta homestead located on the north end of Sylvan Lake. 

Between 1901 and 1905 about 40,000 homesteads were granted in what is to become the Province of Alberta this year.

Vegreville with a population of 78 people made an attempt to be the capital of Alberta.

Alberta, named after Princess Louise Caroline Alberta, 4th daughter of Queen Victoria, became a Province of Canada this year.  (II)-Alexander Cameron Rutherford, (1857-1941) a Liberal, is elected Premier of Alberta 1905-1910.  Some suggest the strength of Alberta rests with its 52 different ethnic/cultural groups that have learned how to get along so well.  Some attribute this to the Metis cultural influence.  His administration created the public telephone system called the Alberta Government Telephones later privatized to Telus.  They built the Alberta legislature and expanded the roads to the Yukon and Northwest Territories.

Some time after this time, (II)-Johaunes Salzl sold his homestead and mineral rights to the Cardniff (Cardiff) Coal Mines.  The farm just south of Morinville, Alberta is now the Town of Cardniff (Cardniff is a subdivision of Morinville).

John Garneau Strathcona (Edmonton, Alberta)

Unknown and
John Garneau (1885-1949) son Lawrence Garneau (1840-1921) and Eleanor Taylor (1852-1912)

Philomena and Chile Garneau

Philomena Archange Garneau,Metis born 1876, is one of the first Alberta Registered nurses of Metis ancestry, having taken her training at Misericordia hospital in Winnipeg.  She nursed Klondike miners at Fort Resolution in 1898.  She is married by Father Nordmann on November 28, 1905, St. Joarchim's Church Strathcona, to (I)-James Brady, born 1877, Black Rock County, Dublin, Ireland, and died 1948 Edmonton.  He emigrated to MacGregor, Manitoba, Canada 1897.  (I)-James Brady had an abortive homestead at Ellerslie, south of Strathcona, then worked at (I)-John Walter's (1849-1920) saw mill. This year they moved into Garneau Village at St. Paul de Metis and homesteaded Saint Vincent 1906. Philomena Archange Garneau (1876-1918) attempted to establish a hospital in Saint Paul des Metis.  Their son (II)-Jim Brady (1908-1967) would dedicate his life to the improvement of the Metis and Native people.

The infamous Bishop Grandin was well schooled in the Roman Dogma that was applied to Canada from the early 17th century.  The European methodology, based on inherent racism, is to first isolate the Indians or Metis from their culture and traditions then to instill in them a sense of inferiority using legal, philosophical, religious, biological and scientific rational.  Dehumanization is the objective and to make powerless by creating a stereotype as a thief, liar, simple, suspicious, inefficient, irresponsible, lazy, superstitious and loose in sexual relations.  The patriarchal domination of all women compounded the misery of those woman.  It is noteworthy that this was the strategy employed by the Jesuits since the early 1600's against the North American Indians and by the Roman Catholic Church well into the late 20th century in Canada.  The political and religious back lash against the religious institutions in the last half of this century is well grounded in the uncovering of centuries old, evil religious dogma. 

Father J.A. Therien held the Metis in contempt saying he wanted to replace the Metis at St. Paul des Metis with landless French Canadians who were religiously and racially reliable farmers to work the land.  Father Lacombe had promised the Metis that they would not be at the mercy of the whites.  He didn't advise them that they would be at the mercy of the Oblates.  Father J.A. Therien believed the Metis should not be given rations or the tools of farming thereby dooming the community to failure.  He had to admit that the Oblates no longer had the confidence of the Metis.  The 99 year land lease on St. Paul des Metis that was to be the Metis utopia until 1995 was undermined by the Oblates and the Dominion Government, yet again.  The Oblates were aware that a railway was to be built to St. Paul des Metis and would increase the value of the Church leased land that the Oblates sought to profit through its sale to racially reliable white French farmers.  Secret discussion between the Oblates and the Government began to force the Metis off the lands they had developed.

Some said Lawrence Garneau (1840-1921) the, Metis soldier, could write a six-figure check on any bank in Canada.  He had become a man of substance with an enviable credit rating.  The Roman Church expected him to provide free labor, land, lumber and freighting to build their Churches in Edmonton and St. Paul de Metis, while at the same time are working to undermine his and Father Lacombe's objectives for St. Paul de Metis.  Some records suggest that a Montreal Banker, Rodolphe Forget, provided $5,000 for the St. Paul de Metis church and it is known that Lawrence Garneau (1840-1921), Metis provided the lumber.  I suspect the Metis provided the labor.  If this were true, what did the Oblates who are against the project do with the cash?  In total Father Lacombe's begging trip for Saint Paul des Metis raised $21,000.  Most of the Saint Paul des Metis funds are reported as being diverted to the Saint Albert treasury.  The CPR carried freight to and from Saint Paul des Metis free of charge as a result of Father Lacombe's begging.

Lawrence Garneau (1840-1921), Metis upon hearing that his old friend Chief Papaschase, who had assisted his family in 1885, is not doing well,  journeyed to the foothills and brought the aging Chief to St. Paul de Metis.  His Cree band, having been harassed by Edmonton folks, had broken up so a comfortable cabin is built for him across a small lake near the Garneau Trading post.  

STRATHCONA (EDMONTON, ALBERTA)

Marie Alexazina Gauthier (born, June 20, 1888 Aurora, South Dakota - died June, 1980 Surrey, B.C.)
Marie Antionette (Nette) Gauthier (born August 23, 1893 - died, August 24, 1954)

Lea Oumelt Gauthier (born Sept 5, 1850 St. Edouard, Quebec - died, May 15, 1919 Edmonton, Alberta).   Photo was taken in 1905, Strathcona (Edmonton, Alberta).  Marie Alexazina (1888-1980) would marry John Garneau (1885-1949)

A.W. Dingman hit natural gas in East Calgary and within a few years it is being used as fuel in Calgary.  The new Penitentiary in Edmonton is to serve the entire Northwest.  The expected completion is July, at a cost of sixty to seventy thousand dollars, but is running four to five months over schedule.  Alberta had 108,000 acres Red Fife wheat and within six years this would rise to 1,640,000 acres of wheat. Red Fife was changing to Marquis wheat, developed by Dr. William Saunders.

The Saint Paul des Metis schoolteacher, Sister Marie du Crucifix ,is especially resented.  Unfortunately one of the instigator's sisters died in the fire.  Father Therein, the Oblate, decided not to rebuild the Residential School.  After all, the new French settlers didn't need such a school in their proposed community.  This was a great opportunity to begin execution of the Oblates secret plan.  The plan called for the opening of the township of the Metis Reservation and all those north of the Saskatchewan River to Cold Lake for the French Catholic homesteaders.  The French homesteaders are personally chosen by him or his associates in the east and in the United States.  Frank Oliver, Minister of the Interior, conspired with Father Therein to revoke the 1895 Government Order in Council.  This is the same Frank Oliver (1853-1933) a Liberal, son Allen Bowsfield, who was on the Vigilance Committee against claim jumping.  The same man who ran anti claim jumping adds in his Edmonton Bulletin for nearly a year and the same man who was a friend of Lawrence Garneau (1840-1921), the Metis.  Frank Oliver (1853-1933) a Liberal, son Allen Bowsfield, claimed that Father Therien claimed that the plan to open the Metis colony to French Catholic settlers had been discussed with Saint Paul residents, the Poitras and Laboucane families, and there would be no problems.  Frank Oliver (1853-1933) a Liberal, son Allen Bowsfield, would discover that Father Therien and the western Bishops conspired and lied to achieve their evil plot.

The Roman Catholic Oblate historians of more recent times would have us believe Father Therein and Bishop Vital Justin Grandin (1829-1902) should have no guilt over the claim jumping activities at Saint Paul des Metis.  Maybe the Reverend Rundle, speaking last century about the Oblate priests, is correct when he said that all Catholics (specifically referring to the priests) will go to hell.  The timing of the claim jumps required coordination with the revoking of the Government Bill.  The arrival of the claim jumpers in Edmonton is under great secrecy.  They didn't want those Protestants to jump their target claims.  Frank Oliver, (1853-1933) a Liberal, son Allen Bowsfield, it would appear, has sold his soul for political security.  Future Government investigations would state, in effect, that the Oblates had led many French Catholics into grievous sin.  (II)-James Brady (1908-1967) would not forgive the church and government for deceiving the Metis of Saint Paul des Metis.

The St. Ann Ranch and Trading Company is founded by (I)-Armand Louis Leon Trochu.  Dr Louis Schulier joined the settlement as did Edgar Papillard, Theodoli-Theodoli Marc de Cathelineau, Baron de Preault, Marquis de Seilhac, Francois de Torquat, Baron Herve de Reindch-werth, Count Paul de Beaudrap settled 12 miles away called Jeanne d'arc Ranch.  It was basically a bachelor establishment.

One of the first automobiles in Alberta arrived Medicine Hat this year.

Several Metis from Saint Paul des Metis are arrested and stood trial before Colonel James MacLeod.  He dismissed the case saying there are no reform schools west of Winnipeg.  Father Therien did not support rebuilding the school and many people openly questioned his dedication to the Metis Colony.

Kuusamo (Alberta) a settlement of settlers from Finland at the end of the Burnt Trail that extended from Red Deer to Sylvan Lake.

The Canadian Mounted Rifles that was formed in 1901 but the first unit to be posted to Edmonton was this year.  The headquarters moved to Edmonton January 1906.

The Canadian Northern Railway reached Vegreville 75 miles from Edmonton.

The Canadian Northern Railway is completed to Edmonton

(I)-John Walter (1849-1820) opened a coal mine which was never a lucrative venture and by 1910 it didn't cover operating costs.  His boatbuilding business went into a slump with the arrival of the railway.

January 15:  The Residential School at Saint Paul des Metis is destroyed by fire.  An inquiry into the fire is conducted.  It is arson by the students.  Given the current historical understanding of Residential Schools and the Church's policy of that time, it is entirely understandable why they would torch the school.  "We instill in them [the Indians & Metis] a pronounced distaste for the native life so that they will be humiliated when reminded of their origin." - Bishop Grandin (1829-1902).   Some older students resented what they called 'The Prison' for the harsh discipline used to remove all traces of their culture, tradition and values.  As a result they had ordered the burning.

April 7:   Father Lacombe (1827-1916) explained, in Winnipeg, the innovative experimentation taking place at Saint Paul de Metis, that is one hundred and twenty miles northeast of Edmonton and is fifteen square miles fronting on the Saskatchewan River.  Presently one hundred families live at St. Paul de Metis and another one hundred are expected from Montana by next year.  This area can accommodate two thousand families at eighty acres per family.  The land, presently only held provisionally from the Government, full title to be given after the experimentation, is proven practical.  He mentioned that a severe set back occurred a few weeks ago when the Residential School burned down at a loss of twenty-five thousand dollars and the reserve for replacement is only two thousand dollars.  He went on to say that the land can only be claimed by Half-breeds and only sold to other Half-breeds and they can't mortgage the land.  Father Lacombe (1827-1916) went on to state the Half-breed peoples are the very foundation of this country.  They have been the link between civilization and barbarism.  (I suspect Lacombe (1827-1916) considered the Native Civilized and the Europeans the Barbarians)  He went on to say, between white man and Indian.  you will find many English tributes to the honesty and general good qualities of the Half-breed.  The Half-breed has failed to stand up against (so called advancing) civilization, cheated out of his script by white traders because he could not appreciate its value.  The implications of Lacombe's message are that civilized people cheat and steal in the name of progress.  The Anglo-Saxon descendants made it abundantly clear, last century and this century, that it is an honorable practice to swindle land from the savages.  This Winnipeg speech makes it very clear that Lacombe is not a party to the illegal and grievous sinful activities of the Oblate order.

September 11:   The Alberta Liberals swept to victory today in the first Provincial elections; the Liberals were in by appointment ten days earlier.  The Liberal Party would dominate Alberta politics until 1921 and then would never again control Alberta politics this century.  Edmonton, as the Capital of Alberta, would not be settled until 1906 after much debate between Calgary and Edmonton.

November 8:  The Canadian Northern Railway reached Fort Saskatchewan, Alberta, and their future seemed assured.

.

1906

Alfred Garneau (1836-1904) Poesies was published.

EDMONTON PENITENTIARY

(III)-John A. McDougall arrived Edmonton from Dorchester, New Brunswick to assist in setting up the new Penitentiary in Edmonton.  John McDougall had been working at the Dorchester Penitentiary in New Brunswick.  (III)-Mathias Salzl would secure a job as shoemaker instructor at the Edmonton Penitentiary where he would work for the next five or six years.  He would eventually marry John McDougall's daughter, (IV)-Gerusha Anne McDougall.  The Penitentiary opened July 31, 1906 with the following staff and one prisoner; fifteen more prisoners are to follow next week:

    Warden                                            - Matt McCauley (1850-1930)
    Deputy Warden                                - Mr. Stedman, lives on site
    Matron                                             - Mrs. Stedman, lives on site
    Surgeon                                            - Dr. Forin
    Chaplain                                           - Father Therien, Roman Catholic
                                                            - Dr. McQueen, Protestant
    Accountant                                       - J.J. Cashman, Orillia
    Chief Watchmen                               - Thomas May
    Guards                                             - J. Douglas, W. Schofield, B.
                                                               Clarke, J. Taylor, Ernest
                                                               Seymour, all on three month's probation.
    Head of Industries                             - (III)-John A. McDougall, formally of Dorchester Penitentiary.
    Engineer and Black Smith Instructor     - C.F. Turgeon
    Carpenter Instructor                             - Louis Boissemeau
    Shoemaker Instructor                           - (III)-Mathias Salze
    Tailoring Instructor                               - F. Urquhart
    Steward and Baker Instructor               - William Coward, formally of Kingston Penitentiary.

Mathew Salzl, Shoemaker Instructor
Mathew Salzl, born 1885, Zell, South Dakota, died 1962 Edmonton, Alberta
Mathew homesteaded east of Stoney (Stony) Plain, Alberta
Photo donated to City of Edmonton Archives EA 10 - 2639 by Mr and Mrs Alf Garneau
The first jail break took place August 9, 1906, by Henry Callahan  A fifty dollar reward is offered.

Lloyd Stonehocker of Dorintosh, Saskatchewan claimed to have bought the first car in Edmonton in May.   March 24, Corriveau and Manuvl are importing their third shipment of Benzene Buggies (Automobiles).  Stonehocker had arrived in Edmonton, 1902, from North Dakota.  This year he bought a car from Mr. Oliphant, who had imported two cars.  This by his own admission makes him at least third.

This is one of the harshest and longest winters on record, devastating the herds of cattle and bankrupting many a stockman.  The Chinook failed to come in the spring of 1907 and tens of thousands of cattle and horses starved or froze to death.  The Bar-U ranch alone lost twelve thousand heads.  Gabriel Dumont visited St. Paul de Metis for his last reunion.  On hand are some of the remnants of the Metis movement.  He would die at Batoche, Saskatchewan May 19, 1906, age seventy-five where he had settled at Gabriel's crossing, which is named after him.  Julie Lagimodiere, mother of Louis Riel, also died in May.  Sir George Eulas Foster and Sir Sam Hughes had visited St. Paul de Metis and commented on the good homes, vast herds and substantial parcels of cultivated lands that  provided good livelihoods for the inhabitants.  The Roman Church could not agree with these gentlemen as it contradicted their position and plans.

Cypress Hills (Alberta/Saskatchewan) became a Federal Forest Reserve and the Metis and Indians where remove from their homes.  About 15 families made their way to the Battleford area.

T.S. Ridsdale, a Metis at Saint Paul des Metis, wrote Frank Oliver (1853-1933) a Liberal, son Allen Bowsfield, of the Department of the Interior complaining that U. Fouquet, a French Canadian, had fenced off two quarter sections of Metis Land.  Fouquet claimed that Father Lacombe (1827-1916) had given him permission as it was assumed outside the colony.  Elzear Poitras also wrote inquiring about rumors that the Metis colony would be open to settlers.  Frank Oliver (1853-1933) a Liberal, son Allen Bowsfield, stated it would not be open to such entry.  Father Therien went to Texas to recover his health and recruit Canadian French to come to Alberta.  Father Simonin temporarily replaced him during his absence.

The not so honorable Frank Oliver, (1853-1933) a Liberal, son Allen Bowsfield, minister of the interior changed the homesteading regulations aiming to force the Doukhobor religious sect into individual land ownership or eviction. 

Tom English, chief of police, of Calgary said "there may be houses of prostitution in Calgary, but if there are, I don't know where they are."  One would think he was a liar, but most, if not all brothels, had relocated to Nose Creek and that was outside of the city limits.

The Edmonton, Yukon and Pacific Railway built a rail line from Edmonton to the town of Stony Plain, Alberta but they missed the town by a country mile.  No problem!  In 1907 the citizens just moved the town using 20 teams of horses.  By 1908 the town boasted over 1,000 people.

Dr. W.C. Dunn operated the first Wabamun Coal mine.  Wabamun meaning White Glass is west of Edmonton, Alberta.  It's noteworthy that 85% of the Province of Alberta has coal seams so it is not surprising coal mines sprung up all over the Province before oil was discovered.

This was a wet year in Alberta.

With the bumper wheat crop of 1906, the nearby City of Lethbridge became interested in establishing a flourmill and offered Mr. Ephraim Peter Ellison incentives to move his milling operation of Raymond Milling and Elevator Company at Raymond to Lethbridge. A new company, the Ellison Milling and Elevator Company, was formed and registered under the laws of the newly formed province of Alberta.

The Gauthier family does not show up in the 1906 census so they must still be living in a tent near Mornville.

 February 5:   Imported European bigotry into Edmonton is reflected in the daily papers of the day.  That the Canadian Yukon is still purely a White-man's country,  That a patient, frugal, opium smoking, gambling, tyhee-ridden, industrious, superstitious and altogether peculiar John Chinaman is not washing clothes in Whitehorse,  (panning) gold on the Klondike creeks or running stores in Dawson, is entirely due and clearly traceable to the prompt, energetic, and far sighted action of a self-constructed vigilance committee.  The mayor, Jack West, in June 1902, received and turned back the first and last batch of Coolies (Chinese).  He had advised the Chinks (Chinese) that the North West Police would stand behind the Mayor in these matters.  The yellow bigotry would also apply to Japanese as well as the Chinese peoples and in Vancouver there would be open violence.  This European attitude would prevail until the 1960's and beyond.  The North West Police have a history of supporting bigotry, claim jumpers and other Anglo-Saxon vices.  The Lords Day Observance Act forbade working on Sunday, transporting goods with some exceptions or entertainment for which a fee is charged.  The police departments across Canada still practice racial profiling into 2005.

March 6:  Edmonton city council met to give the female property owners the vote but was defeated as one person, Gus May, suggested it was a socialist legislation.  It is noteworthy that married women couldn't own property, it automatically belonged to her husband. 

June Strathcona the following Garneau's are in the city, Lawrence, Elenor and kids Lawrence, Alex, John and Alice Garneau?  kids all listed as single.  Alice age is 18 in 1906 census so this must be Millicent (Melicie) Garneau, born July 4, 1888

August:  A post office is established in Trochu, Alberta, including a general store, creamery, livery stable, school and a blacksmith shop.  The Town of Trochu is layed out including a hotel, NWMP barracks.  Paul de Beaudrap opened a butcher shop.  Marc de Cathelineau built a dance hall.  

August 23: Fort MacLeod, the first train arrived with G. Rider Davis aboard.  

1907 

Jim Foley wrote about Alberta: There is something in Alberta that makes you live and breath and feel.  Makes you bigger, broader, better; makes you know the worth of toil.  Makes you feel  free as the Prairies and noble as her soil.  Makes you kindly as a man is; makes you manly as a king.  Not a foot has touched its Prairies but is longing to return. 

Bowness, Alberta was created this year by John Hextall who wanted to create a bedroom community to Calgary.  It was incorporated into Calgary about 1964.  The village of Rouleauville is annexed into Calgary with a population of 780 people and became known as the Mission District.

The Garneau Coal Mine is located 200 yards west of Pollards Brickyard in Strathcona, Alberta, for delivery to any part of Strathcona or Edmonton in association with Connelly and Walsh.  This year the Garneau Estate is called the Garneau subdivision.

Happy Jack Hart opened the first coal mine in the area along the North Shore of Elkwater Lake, Cypress Hills..

Doctor C.H. Stewart Wade, police Magistrate b-1853 and his two sons arrived Edmonton, Alberta.

A mine disaster at (I)-John Walters (1849-1920)  mine kills 6 employees. The Strathcona Coal Company is jointly owned by Premier (II)-Alexander Rutherford (1857-1941) and (I)-John Walters (1849-1920).

Robert Ochsner who built the Ochsner Brewery in 1894 sold it and it was called Strathcona Brewing and Malting Co.  In 1924 it was named the Northwest Brewing Company. 

The Alberta Land Company purchased 390,000 acres at $1.00/acre for lands in Southern Alberta.  The Saskatchewan Valley Land Company purchased 250,000 acres at $1.00/acre in southern Saskatchewan.

The town of Strathcona purchased the river valley park and zoo from the Calgary and Edmonton Townsite Company.  My Great Grandfather, Grandfather, Father and myself, the author, frequented this park for Sunday picnics during our lifetime.  White Mud Creek was another favorite picnic site.

A new Canadian Pacific Railway Station made of brick replaced the clapboard and frame building of the Calgary and Edmonton Railway.

Frank Oliver (1853-1933), son Allen Bowsfield succeeded in canceling the "Hamlet Clause" of 1899 forcing 2,500 homesteaders off the land by effectively confiscating their lands especially the Doukhobors.  Oaths are required to own land which is against their religion.  The Indians and churches were exempt from these rulings.

The Iroquois and Metis of Montreal who had long settled in the Jasper Pass, Alberta and who had intermarried with the Cree and Stony People were forced to move when their community was incorporated in the Newly created Jasper National Park.  This community was relocated to Grande Cashe, Alberta on the Smoky River.  These first explorers of the Rocky Mountains are treated like chaff.

Sarah McLellan purchased a lot in Strathcona, Alberta, from Laurent Garneau (1840-1921), the Metis farmer.  

A common phrase used in early Alberta was "drink Canada Dry".  This was a take off from Canada Dry Ginger Ale invented this year by J.J. McLaughlin, a pharmacy graduate of the University of Toronto.  Cadbury-Schweppes of England acquired the rights.

John A. McDougall said: "Edmonton was established in 1792.  The N.W.C., H.B.C. and X.Y.C. were located here.  The employee's of the X.Y.C. were mostly Iroquois and celebrated French Canadian voyageurs.  They were a jovial, jolly people full of life and good humor, fond of recounting starling and exciting incidents of adventure and narrow escapes that they met with on their long journey from Montreal to Edmonton.  Another class of old timers should not be forgotten, that is the half breeds.  They constitute the bulk of the population and were brought up in the country.  These people were native born hunters and trappers and buffalo hunters was the joy of their lives.  Everyman of then owned a buffalo runner; and the stories that could be told be told on those days could fill a book.  They were a kindly, peaceable, and honest people, generous and hospitable to all.  They took life easy, enough for the present was enough for them.  They believed in having a good time and keeping it up.  The old timers have but kindly words for the old time half breeds.  These were the good old days."     

The first settlers of Bonnyville were unrecorded Metis who were attended to by Father Francis Bonny who brought French settlers in 1907.  They called the place Bonnyville in his honor.  In 1789 Angus Shaw established a trading post and a community called Anshaw likely of his Metis employees.

A number of cases of typhoid cases hit Edmonton.

March 15: The town of Strathcona is incorporated as a City with a population of 2,500.

May:   A. Monroe of Edmonton purchased block #3 of King Edward Park for $2,200.00.

May 7:  Lots are being sold in district of Garneau, city of Strathcona, Alberta starting at $500.00. 

May 10:  At  Egglake, near Mornville, Alberta, the American Canadian Oil Company is drilling for oil.  They struck gas at 550 feet last year.  A few years ago they struck gas at 355 feet at Pelican Rapids on the Athebasca River.

June: The Radial Railway began operating in Edmonton and Strathcona.  The cars are dotting all the principle streets of the two cities including a connecting line between the cities.

July:  The Bulletin paper took a census and discovered 1/5 of Edmonton, Alberta was living in tents, some 1,098 tents.  Those living in tents  were required to buy a license and usually spent 15 to 20 dollars for a floor and sidings.  The authorities could no longer claim that folks living in tents are non-residents.

September 16: Alberta's Court of Queen's Bench was created this date (dit Supreme Court of Alberta) later 1979 merged with the District Court of Alberta to become Alberta's Court of Queen's Bench. 

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