THIS PERIOD is 1800 TO 1829

ALBERTA HISTORY 1830-1849

ALBERTA HISTORY Return to ALBERTA INDEX

DIRECTORY Return to MAIN HISTORY INDEX

1800

(II)-James Bird, Metis, (1798/1800-1892), Prince Albert at Sturgeon River, son (I)-James Curtis Bird (1773-1856) and Mary Kelly a Swampy Cree; married 1825, Belly River N.W.T., Sally Sarah aka Sarah Butts, a Piegan Native b-1809.

(II)-Joseph Bird. Metis, (1800-1878) Edmonton, House son (I)-James Bird (1773-1856) and Mary Kelly Indian believed to be Cree

A man named Cardinal married Angelique Robillard, Metis, b-1800 Lesser Slave Lake (Alberta), died October 1870, St. Albert (Alberta) daughter Robillard a French Canadian and Iroquois woman.  Angelique 2nd marriage 1853, Lac La Biche, Charles Beauregard.  

 Joseph Cardinal who married Rose Grise (Cree) has been in Alberta since about this time and is an early resident of the Lac La Biche des Metis settlement (Alberta).  Their son is Alexis Cardinal born 1820's Lac La Biche des Metis (Alberta) who married about 1846 Nancy Quintal also of Lac La Biche des Metis (Alberta).  Alexis is Father Lacombe's guide.   

Josephte Suzette Cardinal, Metis, b-1800, Lac La Biche (Alberta), died Lac La Biche, daughter Joseph Cardinal, b-1756 Quebec and Lizette Maskegan, a Native, d-1873 Lac La Biche, 1st married Joseph Ladouceur, b-1777, Quebec: 2nd married Joseph Desjarlais, Metis, b-1782 son Joseph Desjarlais, b-1754, Quebec and Okemakwe.

    CHILDREN FIRST MARRIAGE

   . Marie Catherine Ladouceur, b-1810, married Michel Joachim Bruneau b1806 (is this another child?)
    . Joseph Ladouceur, b-1813, Beaver River (Alberta) married Julie Auger, (Alberta), b-1822 Lac La Biche (Alberta).  Joseph Ladouceur, father of Augustin Ladouceur, father of Maxime Ladouceur, father of Gabriel Ladouceur and father of Mildtred Ladouceur, souce of much of this information. 
   .  Charlotte Ladouceur, b-1814 married Pierre Quintal 
   .  Louise Ladouceur, Metis b-1820, Lac La Biche des Metis (Alberta), died 1906, married, 1837, Fort Edmonton, Joseph Beaudry Jr.
    . Josephte Ladouceur 

    CHILDREN SECOND MARRIAGE

    Joseph Desjarlais married Dorion, Slave Lake
    Suzanne Desjarlais married Joseph Pepamowew Courteoreille, Lac St Ann
    Marie Desjarlais married Azure Hamelin, Battle River
    Francois Desjarlais Pichsis, Lac La Biche
    Jean Marie Desjarlais, Beaver River District
    Paulette Desjarlais, Lac La Biche
    Genevieve Desjarlais married (II)-James Pruden, Metis (1823-1902), Victoria
    Judith Desjarlais, married Louisonsis, Slave Lake
    Marguerite Desjarlais married St, Luc Cardinel, Lac La Biche

Josephte (Suzette) Cardinal, Metis, b1800, Lac La Biche des Metis (Alberta) daughter Joseph Cardinal, soldat, b-1756, St Laurent, Quebec, died September 1, 1854, Lac La Biche (Alberta) and (married 1798) Lizette Maskegan, d-1873, Lac La Biche (1st married 1794, Rose Cree); marriage 1809 Joseph Ladouceur.  who married Joseph Desjarlais.  Josephte would be age nine when married, it is more likely she was born between 1794 to 1797, her father was married to two women same time, maybe more: married 1794 Rose Cree, married 1798 Lizette Maskegan and a 3rd marriage is also known.

Marie Catherine Cardinal, Metis, b-1800, Fort Edmonton (Alberta) daughter Joseph Cardinal, b-1756, St Laurent, Quebec, died September 1, 1854, Lac La Biche (Alberta) and (married 1798) Lizette Maskegan (1st married 1794, Rose Cree); married 1818 Moose Hills, Pierre Eiaiowew, her father was married to two women same time, maybe more. 

Francois Decoigne of the NWC,  re-built Fort de I'lsle 20 miles upstream from Fort George on the Saskatchewan River.

Cecile Dumont, born 1800, likely Saskatchewan River (Alberta) daughter Jean Baptiste Dumont and Josette Sarcee, married before 1815, Fort Edmonton, (Alberta) Jacques Berger

(I)-Peter Fiddler (1769-1822), who established a post and wintered on the mouth of the Red Deer River, (Alberta) reported that many Ojibwa, Nipissing and Iroquois were working the Alberta fur trade, especially in the Peace River country and along the eastern slope of the Rocky Mountains.  "XY' Company quickly established a post next to Fiddler's Hudson Bay post called Chesterfield House. A large band is at Chesterfield House and Jack Pine Mountain (Cypress Hills) but refuse to trade with 'XY' or Hudson Bay people.

Jasper Hawes, a Northwest Trading Company clerk, established Jasper's House as a supply depot at Brule Lake (meaning Burnt Lake but also refers to Metis who were in this area in the 1790's) and later called Jasper Lake after Jasper Hawes.  This post was relocated in 1828 to Devona Siding and used until 1884.  Jasper House was originally called Rocky Mountain House.  Not to be confused with Peter Pangman of the North West Company who ascended the North Saskatchewan as far as the site of Rocky Mountain House in 1789..

Duncan McGillivray, Jaco Finlay Metis and half brother James Finlay, who kept an outpost of the Rocky Mountain House at Kootenay Plain crossed the Howse Pass.  Joseph Howse crossed the well traveled pass in 1809 and called it the Howes Pass, 

(I)-David Thompson (1770-1857) departed Fort George for Fort Augustus on horse back, then on to Rocky Mountain House following the Blackfoot Trail out of Fort Augustus.

(I)-David Thompson (1770-1857) went to Rocky Mountain House.  He sent LaGassi and Le Blanc to cut trail over the Rocky Mountains with the Kootenay Indians who came to trade Rocky Mountain House.  They wanted guns to fend off the Blackfoot.

(I)-David Thompson (1770-1857) entered into treaty with the Piegans on the Bow River, allowing a number of Saulteaux (Ojibwa), Iroquois and Nipissing traders to work the Stony Mountains for furs and thereby providing a barrier between the Piegan and their enemies. They were not long in the region before they were trading over the mountains. They discovered the Tete Jaune Cache Pass (Yellowhead Pass aka Leather Pass). They also opened the Athabasca Pass; the gateway to the Columbia River Department. A trader named Thomas Iroquois would later guide (I)-David Thompson (1770-1857) over the Rocky Mountains to the Columbia, as the Piegans would not allow him to pass.  It is noteworthy that most assume (I)-David Thompson (1770-1857) was the first to cross the Rocky Mountains into uncharted territory. However, many traders had preceded him.  Notably Jocko Findlay, a Metis, son of  James Findlay Sr., preceded him by at least a year but he is generally ignored in history books.  It is also noteworthy that Old Swan, a.k.a. Ak Ko Makki, a Sikiska Chief, provided a detailed map of the west to the Hudson Bay company, and both (I)-David Thompson (1770-1857) and the Lewis and Clark Expedition had access to these maps, which were upgraded of all known information on access to the Pacific, by Peter Fiddler .

A French/Canadian trader named the 'Beautiful Highlands' (named by the Cree) as the Cypress Hills.  He had mistaken the lodge pole pines for cypress or Jack Pines of Quebec.

(II)-Jacques Raphael (Jacko) Finlay, Metis (1768-1828) and (Charles?) Lagasse and Lablanc are believed by some to have reached the Columbia River and possibly the Pacific Ocean by this time or earlier.  A Charles Lagasse worked the Columbia District and was a guide for (I)-David Thompson (1770-1857) when David first crossed the divide he had his wife (II)-Charlotte Small, Metis (1784/5-1848/1856) and three of their children with him.

Angelique Robillard, Metis, b-1800, Lesser Slave Lake (Alberta), died October 1870, St. Albert (Alberta) daughter Robillard a French Canadian and Iroquois Woman; 1st married 1815 a Cardinal; 2nd married 1853, Lac La Biche, Charles Beauregard, d-1885..

John Stuart of N.W.C. built Little Red River post on the Peace River near the mouth of the Mikkwa River.  It closed in 1804 and was rebilt years later by the H.B.C.

Nancy Ward, Metis b-1810 N.W.T., son John Ward Sr. and Native woman.

It is highly unlikely all three of these children are from (II)-Jacques Raphael (Jacko) Finlay, Metis (1768-1828) and Indian woman.  One is likely the child of Xavier Finlay (1779-1859), one or more could be, one of the four adopted Lussier children, or a second wife??  or children of his sons??

Augustin (Yoostah) Finlay, Metis, (1800-1883) born Rocky Mountain House, aka Poste de la Montagne de Roches, Alberta son (II)-Jacques Raphael (Jacko) Finlay, Metis (1768-1828) and Indian woman.

John Baptiste (Siwash) (3 gun) Finlay, Metis, b-1800 Rocky Mountain House, aka Poste de la Montagne de Roches, son (II)-Jacques Raphael (Jacko) Finlay, Metis (1768-1828) and Indian woman.

Josette Finlay, Metis, b-1800 Alberta daughter (II)-Jacques Raphael (Jacko) Finlay, Metis (1768-1828) and Indian woman.

The North West Company constructed Fort Dunvegan on the Peace River with 45 men and officers under command of Archibald Norman McLeod, a stern and uncompromising man.  The name was selected after his ancestral home on the Isle of Skye, Scotland.  The log buildings, bastions, palisades and block houses were not completed until spring of 1806.  Some suggest it was completed until 1805.  A garden was planted in 1806.

N.W.C. built Blondin's Post at the west end of Lesser Slave Lake (Alberta).

THE LEATHER PASS
The Leather Pass through the Rocky Mountains was first used last century by the Iroquois and Metis traders of the North West Company.  It was later named Tete Jaune (Yellowhead) Cache Pass after Pierre Hatsinaton, a Metis because he built a Cashe House in the pass.  We now know it as the Yellowhead Pass, Alberta.  Tete Jaune was also known as Pierre Bostonais, Pierre Hastination an Iroquois Metis d-1828 who had blond (yellow) hair.

(I)-David Thompson (1770-1857)  wintered Fort Terra Blanche in Edmonton in 1800, 1802, 1806 and 1807, then set out from here for the Columbia River.  (I)-David Thompson (1770-1857) settled his wife (II)-Charlotte Small, Metis (1784/5-1848/1856) and family in Edmonton area on subsequent trips to the Columbia District.  The Piegan People would not allow the North West Company use of the pass to the Columbia.  They expressed concern that the French Metis would arms trade with their enemy, the Kootenay (Water People).  The murder of two Piegan, by Lewis of the United States, drew the Piegan to the Missouri to revenge their death and thus cleared the way for (I)-David Thompson, (1770-1857),  (II)-Fenian (Finan or Finnan?) McDonald (1782-1851) and the group of Metis to make the dash for the Columbia River.  Thompson's wife, Charlotte Small, had a Metis baby strapped to her back.  Others suggest (I)-David Thompson (1770-1857)  wintered on the Kutenai (Kootenay) Plains in 1806.  They killed and ate wild horses.  The Stony People taught (I)-David Thompson (1770-1857) how to make moss bread.

The Blackfoot Confederacy (Blackfoot, Blood and Piegan) conducted raiding parties beyond Yellowstone River, Standpoint, Idaho and Tobacco plains, west of the Rocky Mountains.  The chiefs had limited power beyond influence and are careful not to arrogate or show superiority over others.  Shooting a man from ambush brought little glory, however, touching an enemy with hand or stick, or subduing him in personal encounter, snatching a gun, bow or horse was a high achievement.  Scalp taking, a European introduced custom, is some times practiced, but ranked very low in honors.  Both companies built forts at Chesterfield house near Empress on the Red River.

The Kutenai who live west of the Rocky Mountains came to trade at Rocky Mountain House, aka Poste de la Montagne de Roches, Alberta.  Charles Lagrasse,  Pierre Leblanc and his wife went to the Kutenai Country, Oregon Territory.

A tradition persists that a free trader wintered at Pine Lake this year.

The Iroquois traders are using the Leather Pass (Yellowhead Pass) to harvest furs on the Pacific Slope.  The H.B.C. later called the pass the Tete Jaune Cache after Piere Hatsinaton, a Metis, with yellow hair and because he built a storage shelter.  They also used the Athabasca Pass to the Columbia River Area.  This Metis discovered pass became the great Trans-Canada route until completion of the railway in 1885.

From 1800 to 1815 the Hudson Bay Company virtually ignored the Athabasca Region.  William Tomison, Inland Chief, was only interested in developing the Saskatchewan (River).

The Assiniboia Region was considered to be all territories in southern Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and Alberta but mostly referred to those areas adjacent to the Assiniboia River system.  Eventually it referred to all southern lands of Saskatchewan and Alberta.

The X.Y. Company built a fort near Fort Chipewyan (Alberta)

Fort Vermilion, N.W.C.,  located 24 miles below Keg River remained in operation until 1828.

Fort des Prairies aka Fort Corne aka Fort St. Louis and Fort Nippeween on the Saskatchewan River  a little lower than the river forks at the mouth of Peonan, first built 1753.  Reference at this time to Fort des Prairies could refer to any number of forts, one near Lac Ste Anne, another a reference to Fort Edmonton.

April 24:  Fort Dunvegan, Peace River, Martineau is accused of stealing some meat and Archibald Norman McLeod as punishment took away his wife and gave her to Cardeau.  Just previous to this he had hunted down and returned two squaw (iskwao) slaves who had run away.  (Squaw is a very insulting English word.)

April 28:  The Owl War Chief who was living with the Slave Indians told of a fort near the sea, inhabited by people quite different to the Fort Dunvegan folks in many respects, likely the Russians.   Archibald Norman McLeod, the ignorant, severely reprimanded the chief for telling lies.

May 5:  (I)-David Thompson (1770-1857) departed Rocky Mountain House to survey upriver to the Elbow.  On his way down river he encountered HBC men at Buck Creek Lake, 8 miles below Goose encampment on the Saskatchewan River.  He passed Whit Mud House at the mouth of Wabamin Creek 60 km west of Edmonton on the North Saskatchewan River..

May 7:  (I)-David Thompson (1770-1857) reached Fort Augustus.

May 10:  (I)-David Thompson (1770-1857) reached Fort George which was in a ruinous condition.  

May 20:  (I)-David Thompson (1770-1857) mentioned the ruins of Umfreville's Old House, (in section 4, township 53, range 25 west 3rd meridian)

October: (I)-David Thompson (1770-1857) traveled by horseback with Duncan McGillivan d-1808 to the Bow River (Calgary) and up the Bow River to the Rocky Mountains arriving December 3.  

October;  Mr. David Thompson, Astronomer to the North West Company with 6 Canadians and 4 or 5 Indians, crossed the Rocky Mountains in latitude 51° north and descended one of the great northern branches of the Columbia River, which he called M'Gilvray's River.  He decended this river for a good distance, when he was driven back by a band of a powerful tribe of Indians, and compelled yo re-cross the Rocky Mountains.  Source is David Thompson first published January 7, 1846.

October 5:  David Thompson in his journal wrote that six Canadians and two Indians left Rocky Mountain House and went up the Clearwater River.  From there they crossed the Red Deer River and spent the next several days in a Peigan Camp which was within hunting distance of the river.  They went about West 22 miles to the foot of high cliffs where they met the Kootanae Chief attendede by 26 men and 7 women.  He guided them back to Rocky Mountain House.

October 18:  La Gasse and Le Blanc were sent back with the Kootanie to winter with the tribe.  Some believe these Canadians reached the Columbia River.  Peter Fidler confirmed the trip of  La Gasse and Le Blanc from Duncan McGillivray on June 17, 1801 in his journal.  He said they traveled 17 nights until they arrived at the camp on the West side of the mountains where the Kootenais had left their families.  They reported the area across the divide from the head of the Saskatchewan to be thickly wooded country while farther south, opposite Devil's Head Mountain, the country was more open,.  They spent most of the winter in an open country west of Chief Mountain and on one occasion made a fourteen day trip over the divide to hunt bison (buffalo) on the prairies  They reported another range of mountains nearly as high as the Rockies to the west of their camp.  They reported passing a river nearly as large as the Saskatchewan that runs south and south west from a point opposite the source of the Saskatchewan..  They returned to Rocky Mountain House May 23, 1801.

1801

Edmonton House, birth (II)-Levi Bird, Metis (1801-1864) son (I)-James Bird (1773-1856) and Mary Kelly Cree Indian.

De Coigne rebuilt Fort George with Island Fort a few miles up river from the old fort,.

Fort Augustus (NWC) ordered built by (I)-Angus Shaw (before 1777-1832) and Fort Edmonton (HBC) are relocated from Fort Saskatchewan (Alberta) to the Rossdale Flats (Edmonton, Alberta) this year.

At the junction of the Miette and Athabasca Rivers is Fitzhugh Place that was in 1813 renamed Jaspers, Place (Alberta) after a North West Company supply post.  This post was for the mountain trade across Athabasca pass (where there are reeds), that is established about this time.  It is noteworthy that after more than ten years of use by others, (I)-David Thompson (1770-1857) in 1811, would claim discovery of the Athabasca pass. 

The Gros Ventres invited a passing brigade of 75 Iroquois traders into their camp.  They engaged in a heated form of gambling, a quarrel broke out.  When the dust cleared, 25 Iroquois of the N.W.C. lay dead.  The survivors reached Fort Augustus (Alberta).

William Tomison of the H.B.C. claimed the North West Company and XY Company had over 300 Iroquois on the Saskatchewan River this summer alone.  This is not counting the hundreds who are still in the region from the 1790's. 

The H.B.C. built Summerberry River Post aka Pembina Post on the Pembina River on the Edmonton-Lesser Slave Lake Ttrail.  It was abandoned but re-established by H.B.C. and N.W.C. in 1817 and it finally closed about 1822.

Rocky Mountain House, aka Poste de la Montagne de Roches, birth (II)-Fanny Thompson Metis daughter (I)-David Thompson (1770-1857) and (II)-Charlotte Small, Metis (1784/5-1848/1856)

(I)-David Thompson (1770-1857) and James Hughes, d-1823, search for a pass to the west of Rocky Mountain House, aka Poste de la Montagne de Roches, but failed.  Nancy Hughes, Metis daughter James Hughe's, d-1823 and Indian woman would marry (II)-Patrick Small, Metis, (1789-1846) in Fort Augustus (Edmonton) in 1813

Grouard (Lesser Slave Lake, Alberta) is established this year and by 1898 would replace Dunvegan as the center of trade for the Peace River District.

June:  (I)-David Thompson (1770-1857) and Duncan McGillivan d-1808 returned from their Bow River expedition to Rocky Mountain House.

June 6:  (I)-David Thompson (1770-1857) and Hughes proceeded westward with a Cree guide in hopes  of crossing the mountains but were turned back without reaching the divide.  He wrote I crossed the mountains to the head waters of the McGillivray's River but the Indians forced me to retreat.

June 10:  Rocky Mountain House, birth (II)-Fanny Thompson, Metis daughter (I)-David Thompson (1770-1857) and (II)-Charlotte Small Metis, b-1785 Metis.

1802

(I)-Peter Corrigal aka Corrigle Orkney, (1782-1866) employed HBC (1797-1823) is assigned Cumberland House, Slave Lake (1802-1803); 1st. married Christianna an Indian Woman (1751-1851) and they had a son (II)-James Corrigal, Metis; 2nd marriage Margaret an Indian Woman, (I)-Peter retired Red River 1819.

Patrick (Pichina) Finlay, Metis (1802-1879) born Rocky Mountain House, aka Poste de la Montagne de Roches, son (II)-Old Jacques Raphael (Jacko) Finlay, Metis (1768-1828) and Indian woman.   This is likely one of the 4 adopted Lussier children. or Grand children?

(I)-Oman Norquay (1773-1820) employed (1802-1811) Cumberland & Edmonton, he married (II)-Jane Morwick, Metis daughter (I)-James Morwick and native woman.  He retired to Red River 1819.  He likely had three children in (Alberta) or Red River; (II)-John Norquay, Metis, who married 1832 Isabella Truthwaite; (II)-Henry Norquay, Metis who 1st married Anne Spence and 2nd marriage Mary Monkman, Metis; (II)-Isabella Norquay, b-1808?, Metis who married John Morwick, b-1784. 

Alexander Roderick McLeod (1782-1840) employed NWC/HBC (1802-1824) Athabasca Department. They claim Alexander Henry, the younger (1764-1814) of NWC since 1791, succeed him and (I)-David Thompson (1770-1857) succeed Henry.  

(I)-David Thompson (1770-1857) explored head waters of the Highwood River, on Tongue Flag Creek, the Bow River (latitute 51 degrees, 13 minutes, 51 seconds north, longitude 114 degrees, 58 minutes, 22 seconds west a short distance from Ghost River, past modern Exshaw where McGillivray killed a mountain sheep, then on to Rocky Mountain House and the Brazeau River, then up river to Howse Pass and the headwaters of the Blaeberry River.  He and Hughs explored the Saskatchewan up to Sheep Creek and up the valley as far as the horses could go.  

The Rocky Mountain House Echo newspaper in 1911 attributes the establishment of Rocky Mountain House at the mouth of the Clearwater River into the Saskatchewan River to John MacDonald of Garth Scotland for the North West Fur Company of Montreal. 

They claim Alexander Henry, the younger (1764-1814) of NWC since 1791, succeed him and (I)-David Thompson (1770-1857) succeed Henry.  They claim Chesterfield House on the confluence of the Red Deer and south branch of the Saskatchewan Rivers since 1791, succeed him and (I)-David Thompson (1770-1857) succeed Henry.  

Old Man Monroe (Hugh Monroe), born 1784 Montreal, died 1892, arrived Fort Edmonton in 1802 in the employ of  The Hudson Bay Company.  He married a Piegan woman and their son, William Monroe (b-1851), would serve with the Pallisar Expedition (1872).  It is possible that the legends of old man Monroe represent two or more different people.  Some place his birth date at 1898 or 1899.  He is said to have been indentured for three years in 1815 to the Hudson Bay Company and posted to Edmonton House.  It is alleged he departed a Hudson Bay Company warehouse in Montreal in 1815, traveling to Edmonton House via York Factory.  It is highly likely he didn't depart until after 1821, when the North West Company merged with the Hudson Bay Company.  This assumption is based on the fact that his first child was born in 1825, Rocky Mountain House aka Poste de la Montagne de Roches; suggesting a departure after 1821.

The North West Company established Bow River Fort, fifty miles west of Fort La Jonquiere (Calgary).  Bow River is named as the place for making bows.

The N.W.C. was operating Slave Lake House at the east end of Lesser Slave Lake (Alberta). 

Patrick Pichina Finlay, Metis, b-1802 Fort Edmonton area, died January 1879 Montana son (II)-Jacques Raphael (Jacko) Finlay, Metis (1768-1828) and Indian woman; married Margaret.

Some suggest the Battle River Settlement was first noted about this time and was located south of Camrose.  The Cree called this location No-tin-to-si-pi whereas the Blackfoot called it Ke-chi-sab-wap-ta and was noted as a good crossing place and was the location of a number of clashes between the Cree and Blackfoot.

Simon Fraser (1776-1862) built Fort Laird at Fort Vermilion, (Alberta).  Two forts in a single palisade were built by N.W.C. and H.B.C. called Paint Creek House facing the mouth of Vermilion River.  They were abandoned in 1816.  They traded with the Blackfoot and Cree.

Saskadjiwan a.k.a. Saskatchewan, means the running of the thaw or swift current.  Both Fort Saskatchewan, the North West Company and Fort Augustus, Hudson Bay Company, moved to Edmonton on the Rosedale Flats, where the Edmonton power plant now stands.  The 'XY' Company also built in this location.  Chesterfield house, at this time, lies abandoned.

The N.W.C. built Pierre au Calumet on the east bank of the Athabasca River, 55 miles from Fort McMurray.

The first H.B.C. fort in Fort Vermilion was built this year and called Mansfield's Post and abandoned in 1805.  The N.W.C. built Fort Liard in Fort Vermilion before 1804 likely in response to H.B.C and was closed 1805-06. 

March 3:   The North West Company sent a 12 man party to Fort Chesterfield, near present day Empress, Alberta, and the Gros Ventre killed the two Canadians (Metis) and ten Iroquois traders.  Others suggest it was 14 Iroquois and 2 Canadians of the N.W.C., and that they were killed on the Bow River, southern Alberta.

December:   (I)-David Thompson (1770-1857)  as at the NWC post on the west side of Lesser Slave Lake and he crossed the lake to its outlet to the Little Slave River where the principle NWC post was located.  John McGillivray, Macintosh and Jarvis was there.  He recorded XY posts at Peace River Forks and near the head of Little Slave River.

1803

Thomeson Audinson, Metis, b-1803 Red River married to Leathine Metis b-1802 Red River living Lakeland eastern Alberta, 1891.

(I)-James Bird aka James Curtis (1773-1856) employed HBC (1788-1824) is posted to Edmonton House House on the North Saskatchewan River in charge of all inland posts (1803-1813).

William Connolly (1787-1849) who joined the N.W.C. in 1801 and became a partner by 1818.  He married 1803 Rat River Suzanne Cree, d-1862 and had 6 children. 

(I)-Peter Corrigal aka Corrigle Orkney, (1782-1866) employed HBC (1797-1823) is assigned Edmonton House, Saskatchewan District (1803-1804); 1st. married Christianna an Indian Woman (1751-1851) and they had a son (II)-James Corrigal, Metis; 2nd marriage Margaret an Indian Woman, (I)-Peter retired Red River 1819.

Marie Louise Jerome dit St. Mathe, Metis, b-1803, Rocky Mountain House (Alberta) daughter Martin Jerome dit St, Mathe and Francoise a native; married June 15, 1829, Red River, Maximilien dit Dauphinais Genthon (1790-1871) son Jean Baptiste Genthon and Marie Louise Lafontaine.

Peter Fidler reported 110 Iroquois fur traders on the Peace River near the Rocky Mountains.

Alexander Roderick McLeod (1782-1840) employed NWC/HBC (1802-1824) Athabasca Department.is posted to Horseshoe House (1803-1804)

(I)-David Thompson (1770-1857) wintered at the NWC post at the junction of the Smoky and Peace Rivers, he called it Fort of Forks.  It is noteworthy that this is the post where Alexander Mackenzie wintered before his dash to the Pacific.  Five miles below Smoky on the north side of the Peace was Macleod's Fort.  This was a well constructed fort, for James Mackenzie, a grouchy old partner of the NWC, stationed at Fort Chipewyan in 1799, complained that the men's quarters at Macleod's Fort were better that those provided for the bourgeois at Fort Chipewyan.  There were five bastions, courtyards everywhere and spacious gardens.  

Horse Shoe House built by N.W.C. on the Peace River 18 miles above the mouth of the Notekiwin River.  It is believed the X.Y. Co. had a post nearby.  Both were closed before 1806.

1804

(I)-James Bird Sr.(aka James Curtis) (1773-1856) was in charge of Edmonton House (1804-1816).

Colin Campbell (1787-1853) from Ontraio, employed NWC (1804-1821) likely Peace River/Athabasca District.  Assigned Fort Dunvegan, Peace River (1812-1813).

John Clarke, b-1781, joined the N.W.C. in 1804 and served the Pacific Fur Company 1810-1814 and joined the Athabasca Expedition of 1815.

(I)-Peter Corrigal aka Corrigle Orkney, (1782-1866) employed HBC (1797-1823) is assigned the route from Edmonton House, Saskatchewan District to Cumberland House, Slave Lake (1804-1805); 1st. married Christianna an Indian Woman (1751-1851) and they had a son (II)-James Corrigal, Metis; 2nd marriage Margaret an Indian Woman, (I)-Peter retired Red River 1819.

David Harmon reminds us that South Branch House established 1791 by HBC(South Saskatchewan River) was about 15 miles across by land from the North Branch (North Saskatchewan River), and about 120 miles above the Forks (both Saskatchewan Rivers).   It is noteworthy that the Gros Ventres destroyed the South Branch House in 1794 and attacked the NWC post but were driven off with losses.  New forts were built in 1804, six miles above the old site.

Ignace Lavallee b-1760 a voyageur with NWC is up English River (Churchill River) to the Athabasca District (1804-1821), he married Josephte Cree woman b-1786 but children are not listed.

La Gasse and LeBlanc return with the Kutenai to trade at Rocky Mountain House and are believed by some to be the first known to cross the Rocky Mountains.

Joseph LaFournaise  dit Ladouceur b1777-1780 Quebec, voyageur with NWC, this assigned to Fort des Prairies (likely Fort a la Corne). 

Joseph Lafournaise aka Lacarte dit Laboucan (Luboucan ) b-1777-1780 Quebec, a voyager with NWC on and off (1804-1821) is assigned Fort Des Prairies likely Fort Corne but could be any fort on the Saskatchewan River.  1805-1814 he was a free trader then rejoined NWC 1814-1815, free traded 1816 then back with NWC 1817-1821.  HBC says he was living Sandy Lake (up the Saskatchewan) in 1822 as a freeman with Stone Indian wife and Metis children.    It is believed he traded the Bow and Red Deer River to the Rocky Mountains.  He is know to work for HBC at Fort Edmonton 1822-1825 and retired Red River.

Jacques L'Hirondelle likely a Metis is a voyager for NWC assigned to Athabasca.

(I)-Joseph Howse (1774-1852) is at Carlton House, (1803-1804) which came to be known as Fort Carlton, was established in 1795 near the junction of the North and South Saskatchewan rivers. The original post was abandoned around 1804 and re-established some 150 kms (90 miles) to the southwest, on the South Saskatchewan River. In 1810, the post was moved west to its present site on the North Saskatchewan River.  

(II)-Nicholas Montour Jr.Metis  son (I)-Nicholas Montour Sr. d-1808 a shareholder in the NWC, (II)-Nicolas is employed NWC (1804-1817) first post is Fort des Prairies (Fort Edmonton).  Married Susanne Umperville. Two Children recorded:
        George Montour Metis
        Isabelle Montour Metis married Thomas McKay 1838 Fort Vancouver.

(II)-William Pruden, Metis born 1804 Inland, most likely on the Saskatchewan River son (I)-Jean Peter Pruden (1778-1868) and Nancy Cree Indian Woman (1785-1837).

William Sturgis a merchant from Boston arrived west coast of Vancouver Island with 5,000 ermine skins from Leipzip.  He sold these to the Kimgarnee Indians who prized them for ceremonial purposes.  He valued his ermine at 30¢ and traded them at 5 for one sea-otter skin.  These he sold at Canton, China for $50.00 each skin.  

(I)-David Thompson (1770-1857) visited the future site of Fort Dunvegan in 1805.  In his voyage down the Oeace River he mentions the following forts; Horse Shoe Fort (latitude 57,degrees, 8 minutes; Fort Vermilion considerably higher up the river than the present post of that name; Fort DuTremble; Fort Liard not far from present site Fort Vermilion; Fort Wenzel, five miles below Vernilion Falls; Grand Maris and Athabasca House on present Fort Chipewyan.

Raphael Tremblay b-1802 Quebec married to Catherine Metis b-1804 B.C. living Egg Lake (Alberta) 1901.

John Rowand born 1787 Montreal died Fort Pitt (Saskatchewan), May 30, 1854, served as a clerk at Fort Des Prairies a.k.a. Fort Augustus (Fort Edmonton), (Alberta) for the North West Company, until 1806 when he served at Red River des Metis, then went back to Fort Edmonton 1808.  He spent most of his life at Fort Edmonton and was known as Iron Shirt or Big Mountain Man by the Indians.

Fort of the Forks aka Fort Simpson is built this year by the NWC on an island at the confluence of the Mackenzie and Liard Rivers.

South Branch House near Gardepui's Crossing on the South Fork of the Saskatchewan River about 20 miles north of Batoche (Saskatchewan) is moved up river 6 miles.. 

(II)-Patrick Small Jr., Metis (1789-1846) was employed by NWC (1804-1821) and HBC (1821-1846), he was the son of (I)-Patrick Small Sr. and Cree Woman.  Patrick Jr. was stationed in Edmonton area  (1804-1826), he married 1813, Fort Auguetus (Edmonton), Nancy Hughes Metis, country style and had the marriage ratified August 21, 1838 Carlton House, at the junction of the North and South Saskatchewan Rivers.   Nancy was the daughter James Hughes, d-1823 chief factor of Fort Augustus (Edmonton) and Indian woman.

Some of the roots for Ile a la Crosse (Saskatchewan District) families were found in the Northwest Company journals of 1804, such as: Charou, Boucher, Paul, Cardinal, Dionne, Bleanger, Gerard, Daigneault, Lariviere, Larocque, Bruce, Desrosiers, Caisse, Raymond, Laliberte, Lemay, Lachance, England, Bouvier, Moreau, Aubin, Carpenter, Desjarlais, Lepine, Piche, Roy, Primeau, Majeau, Laporte, Loyer, Lavallee.

N.W.C. built a trading post on Encampment Island about 24 miles below present Peace River Town.

February 29:   (I)-David Thompson (1770-1857) went up the Peace River to the most westerly post of NWC, Rocky Mountain House, (longitude 120 degrees, 38 minutes, a short distance beyond the the Alberta border into B.C.)  not to be confused with the one on the Saskatchewan River or the one on the Athabaska River at Jasper (Alnerta)

February 14: Edmonton House, arrival of Hugh (Howe) Sabbeston aka (Sabseton, Sabbiston, Sabiston) (1772-1810) employed HBC (1786-1810); H was at Edmonton house (1804-1896); April/May 1800-1802 he built a trading post at the mouth of the Sturgeon Creek and worked there until 1804.  He arrived here March 6 and was back at headquarters by March 13.  

March 5:  Peace River Forks, birth (II)-Samuel Thompson, Metis son (I)-David Thompson (1770-1857) and (II)- Charlotte Small, Metis, b-1785 Metis.  (II)- Charlotte Small is likely the sister of Nancy Small, Metis and brother of (II)- Patrick Small Jr. Metis born 1798 IIe-A-La-Crosse, Athabasca District.  Some believe the Small family are the earliest recorded Metis in the IIe-A-La-Crosse region.  (I)-Patrick Small the free trader was likely in the area (1784-1791) living among the natives with his Cree wife.

March 15:  (I)-David Thompson (1770-1857) he set out with his wife and children for Fort William.  He traveled down river to Horse Shoe House latitude 57 degrees, 8 minutes north where he remained March 20 to April 30 for the river ice to clear.

May 2:  (I)-David Thompson (1770-1857) and family visited Fort Vermilion that was considerably higher up river than the later Fort Vermilion of the HBC.  Fort Liard is not far from the later Fort Vermilion of the HBC.  Fort Wenzel, five miles below Vermilion Falls; Grand Maris of the NWC.

May 12:  .(I)-David Thompson (1770-1857) and family reached Athabasca House (Fort Chipewyan) recently re-built, where Wenzel a NWC man is in charge.  They crossed Lake Athabasca ascended the river.

May 17:  (I)-David Thompson (1770-1857) and family passed Peter Ponds old fort, reaching the mouth of the Clearwater (Fort McMurry).

1805

Edmonton House, birth (II)-Charles Bird, Metis (1795-1818) son (I)-James Bird (1773-1856) and Mary Kelly Cree Indian, employed HBC (1805-1818), as a writer Edmonton and Paint River Saskatchewan river.  Visited London (1808-1812) likely because of ill health. 

Edmonton House, birth (II)-Henry Bird, Metis b-1805 son (I)-James Bird (1773-1856) and Mary Kelly Cree Indian: married 1824, likely Red River (II)-Harriet Calder, Metis daughter (I)-John James Calder and native woman..

Fort Edmonton, birth (II)-William Bird, Metis son (I)-James Bird (1773-1856) and Mary Kelly Swampy Cree Indian; married Rubina aka Venus Hay.

Big Lake (St. Albert, Alberta), birth, Angele Bourassa, daughter, Michel Francois Bourassa and Marguerite Beaulieu; married, 1835, Fort Pitt, (Saskatchewan), Pierre (Pierriche) Delorme, b-1813, White Mud (Alberta) likely at White Mud House 60 km west Edmonton, son Pierre Delorme and Marguerite Cardinal. 

Louis Callihoo Metis (1792?-1910) born Sault St. Louis aka Ganawake, arrived Jasper (Alberta) about 1905.  They said he was employed by NWC 1800-1814 and thereafter a free trader.  There is likely some confusion between him and his father.

North West Company's, Archibald MacLeod, built Fort Duvaegan on the Peace River and Simon Fraser (1776-1862) of Cornwall, previously of New York, and established several Forts in British Columbia.  Fort Dunvegan is considered the center of the fur trade for the Peace Region (Alberta) until 1898 when it was replaced by Grouard (Slave Lake)..

(III)-Francois (Benetsee) Finlay, Metis  b-1805, Fort Edmonton area d-before 1873 son (II)-Old Jacques Raphael (Jacko) Finlay, Metis (1768-1828) and Indian woman; married Susanna.  This is more likely the child of Xavier Finley (1779-1859) Jacko's brother.

birth (II)-Emma Thompson, Metis daughter (I)-David Thompson (1770-1857) and (II)- Charlotte Small, Metis, b-1785 Metis. 

Some suggest Fort Edmonton (Alberta) was known as Fort des Prairies the Upper not to be confused with Lower Fort des Prairies on the Saskatchewan River and others say it was called Hughe's Fort (Fort Augustus).  It is noteworthy that forts/trading posts change names from season to season and some change locations as frequently.    

The North West Company established Fort Good Hope, on the east bank of the Mackenzie River.  It is the oldest fur-trading post in the lower Mackenzie Valley.

Battleford a trading post is established this year.

Daniel Harmon (1778-1845) wrote:  "At Fort Assiniboine, it is now upwards of fifty years since a French missionary left this area".  The missionary had resided here a number of years, instructing the Natives in the Christian Religion.  Daniel Harmon (1778-1845), an American trader, claimed that in the past four years of trading Fort Pembina to the Rocky Mountains, he never had a chance to speak a European language other than French.  He recorded that the Eskimos at the mouth of the Coppermine River had European trade beads, probably traded by the Danes at Davis Strait.  Official records suggest Fort Assiniboine was built 1823-1824.

Alexander Mackenzie (not Sir Alexander) went down to Fort Good Hope and on hos return left Charles Grant to build a post at Blue Fish River, 60 miles below Fort Norman.  There was also a fort at Clearwater about this time where Fort McMurray now stands. 

John MacDonald of Garth Scotland for the North West Fur Company of Montreal. built Chesterfield House on the confluence of the Red Deer and south branch of the Saskatchewan Rivers.  It was soon abandoned and rebuilt in 1821.  The HBC and XY company had posts built in the same area.

On June 2, James Hughes d-1823 and Alexander Stewart are on the South Saskatchewan, having come on horse from the North branch. On September 11, Daniel Harmon is assigned to Cumberland House and James Hughes, d-1823 and (I)-David Thompson (1770-1857) and company passed through on their way to Fort des Prairies.  The nearby Hudson Bay Company Post, Nottingham House is commanded by (I)-Peter Fidler (1769-1822). On September 17, Harmon sends Peras to winter at Moose Lake.

June 13:   Meriwether Lewis departed Belt Creek in search of the Grand Falls of the Missouri, which was previously reported by others.

October 29: (I)-David Thompson (1770-1857) is back at Rocky Mountain House.

December:  Over the winter logs are being cut to build Fort Dunvegan (1805-1918) on the Peace River, Archibald Norman McLeod of NWC was in charge.

1806  

Fort Edmonton, birth (II)-Elizabeth Bird, Metis (1806-1845) daughter (I)-James Bird (1773-1856) and Mary Kelly Swampy Cree Indian; married James Sinclair.

Lizette Gladu, b-1806, Slave Lake, daughter, Francois Gladu, born December 25. 1763 and Josephte Chartrand b-1773. 

Thomas Karaconti Callihoo, L'Iroquoise, b-1806 Fitzhugh Place aka Jasper's House, (Alberta) died April, 1876 Fort Dunvegan, (Alberta), son, Louis Kwarakwentha Callihoo L'Iroquoise, b-1782, Iroquois Village of Chaughawaga near Montreal, Quebec, d-1846 and Marie Katis of the Sekanaise Tribe (Montagnais Nation); married Lizette Karaconti.

Lizette Gladu, b-1806, Slave Lake daughter Francois Gladu, born December 25, 1763 and Josephite Chartrand. b-1773; married John Quinns alias Kwenis.

Jean Baptiste Lafleur Jr. (1785-1875) son Jean Baptiste Lafleur Sr. employed NWC (1806-1821) & HBC (1821-1857) Athabasca Department, then freeman Athabasca & Saskatchewan River as interpreter.  One son reported Baptiste Lafleur.

Archibald Norman McLeod was in charge of building Fort Dunvegan on the Peace River with 45 men.  

(II)-Charlotte Pruden, Metis born 1806 Action House on the Saskatchewan River daughter (I)-Jean Peter Pruden (1778-1868) and Nancy Cree Indian Woman (1785-1837).

Alexander Roderick McLeod (1782-1840) employed NWC/HBC (1802-1824) Athabasca Department.is at Dunvegan.

Archibald Norman MacLeod of the N.W.C. established Clearwaters House and Fort McMurray (Alberta).  Hudson Bay withdrew from Chipewyan House. Finnan Mor Meyers (1782-1851) is assigned to Rocky Mtn. House, aka Poste de la Montagne de Roches (Alberta).

(II)-Jacques Raphael (Jacko) Finlay, Metis (1768-1828) is on the Kootenay Plains near the headwaters of the North Saskatchewan River in Old Fort Kootenae that was abandoned in 1807.

Jacques (John) Ward, Metis, b-1810 N.W. son John Ward Sr. and Native woman; married Angelique Bruyere, Metis, b-1810 N.W.

(I)-David Thompson (1770-1857) of the NWC is placed in charge of Poste de la Montagne de Roches, (Rocky Mountain House) (Alberta).  He likely has wife (II)-Charlotte Small, Metis (1784/5-1848/1856) and children with him.

Kamanistiquia recorded 413 packs of furs out of the Athabasca 1/6 of total furs yet HBC continued to ignore this region.

Archibald Norman MacLeod of the N.W.C. established Fort Dunvegan (Alberta) with 45 men and 6 officers.  F. Goedike, David Holmes, Cardinal Trudelle and Landrie are among the 45.  During the summer only 9 men, 8 women and 7 children remained at the fort. 

The fur business was booming in (Alberta)with three pathways to the Pacific Ocean established, namely Howse, Athabaska and Peace trails.  Rich cargoes of furs for the east and goods and supplies for western posts.  The NWC/XY Co. dominated the trade, HBC found great difficulty in establishing trade in these regions.  Although Peter Fidler had built Nottingham house in 1802 on the site of present Fort Chipewyn, beside the NWC post the HBC abandoned it in 1806 and retired from the whole Athabasca district until 1815 when HBC built Fort Wedderburne at Fort Chipewyan.  NWC built posts from Hudson Hope built by Simon Fraser and John Stewart in 1805 on the north bank of Peace River, a post on the south bank of the river was called Rocky Mountain Portage Fort aka Fort St. John, then on to Bears Lake Castle on the west end of Great Bear Lake and up the Liard River to Fort Nelson River.

April 24:  Fort Dunvegan:  "This morning Mr. ( Archibald Norman) McLeod got a quarreling with Foret. The consequence was that Foret got a kicking and a blow on the head that knocked him down senseless, but he soon recovered from the blow on the head he got and walked about. Some meat was put out yesterday to dry and Nasplette watched it for some would take it. The only one known to be guilty is Martineau whom Mr. McLeod spoke to, and, in order to punish him he took his wife and gave her to M. Cardieu, who is more able to maintain her, Martineau being much in debt."

April 28:  Fort Dunvegan:  "The Owl War Chief and their bands arrived. With these Indians came Le Mari des deux jolies femmes who had been since last spring with the Slave Indians, of whom there were twelve lodges.  He attempted to make us believe a number of stories by telling us there was a fort near the sea, inhabited by people quite different to us in many respects. He was severely reprimanded for telling such lies and much laughter at by the Indians present.   Archibald Norman McLeod was a violent man

May 16:  Fort Dunvegan:   "J. Hoole arrived from the Forks where he left old Pasquette making a garden."

May 30, John McDonald visited Cumberland House on the Saskatchewan River.  (II)-Old Jacco (Jacques) Finlay, a Metis, (1768-1828) wintered on the Saskatchewan above the Kootenai Plains, hoping to establish a trade route to the Columbia using the Howse Pass.  Some claim he was marking a trail over the divide to the Columbia for (I)-David Thompson's (1770-1857) trip in 1807.  (II)-Jaco Finlay Metis is likely following a well established Indian trail to the Columbia.  (II)-Jaco Finlay Metis would go on, in 1810, to establish Spokane House.

July 5:  Fort Dunvegan;  "There being no meat at the Fort therefore work was stopped

July 6:  Fort Dunvegan; This is the first day of this year that we went without eating and of course no work done.  

July 8:  Fort Dunvegan; This evening a dog was killed which is to be paid for between F. Goedike, David Holmes, Cardinal Trudelle and Landrie.

July 9:  Fort Dunvegan; The men all hunting or fishing but very unlucky. We are now in a very alarming situation, not having a mouthful to eat. The children are always going about the Fort, crying for something to eat. Landry kill a dog.

July 10:  Fort Dunvegan; The following day a little meat was obtained from a band of Indians.

July 10:  Fort Dunvegan;  Ten women of the Flux Band arrived loaded with meat. They brought 1182 lbs. dried meat, 721 lbs. pounded and 170 lbs. grease.

August 17:  Fort Dunvegan;  Pouce (Pooscapee) Coupe with a few others arrived. They have made a poor hunt.

October 11:  Fort Dunvegan:  Archibald Norman McLeod arrived "in a light canoe with nine men", six days out of Fort Vermilion and fourteen days from Fort Chipewyan. The following day, Blondin with a brigade of seven canoes, accompanied by "Mr.(Andrew)  Mackenzie

November 19: (II)- Jacques Raphael (Jacko) Finlay, Metis (1768-1828),  MacMaster and two others blazed a trail through Findlay Pass (Howse Pass) and down the Blaeberry River for (I)-David Thompson (1770-1857) expedition to the Columbia River.  They also built two canoes and stored them for use by Thompson.

1807  

Francois Berland Sr, Metis, b-1807 son Jean Baptiste Berland and Susanne McLeod Nepissing; married Therese Callihoo L'Iroquois, b-1820, died 1978 St. Albert, (Alberta) daughter Louis Kwarakwentha Callihoo L;Iroquois, born October 17, 1782 and Marie Sekanaise tribe Katis Montagnaus Nation.

Reshor (Isaac or Resfer) Daignault (Daigneault), Metis b-1807, Fort Edmonton, N.W. (Alberta), son Richard Daigneault and Josephite Fortier; married 1832/38 Fort Carlton, (South Saskatchewan River), Julia Larence, Metis, b-1820/21 on the plains of the N.W., living Fort Edmonton 1891, daughter Bazil Larence, born 1789/95, Quebec and Agathe Micher L'Iroquoise, b-1812/25, Slave Lake.   Richard is noted as 2nd marriage before 1817, Lisette Bernard, this is an obvious error.  In the 1891 census two children are living with them most likely grand children:
        Francis Dagnault b-1869 N.W.T.
        Dolfhis Dagnault b-1873 N.W.T.

Susanne Decoine, Metis, b-1807, Lesser Slave Lake, (Alberta), daughter Francois Decoine and Kee-na-kwa-na Cheewannok; 1st married 1827 Fort Carlton (South Saskatchewan River), So-so-wa-pas Cardinal; 2nd marriage 1824 Lac La Biche des Metis (Alberta), a man named Moise.

Jean Baptiste Gladu, b-1807, N.W.T. son Francois Gladu, born December 25, 1763 and Josephite Chartrand, b-1773; married October 8, 1845, Upper Fort des Prairies (Fort Edmonton, Alberta), Sophie Collin, Metis, b-1815, Fitzhugh Place aka Jasper's House, (Alberta), daughter, Richard Collin Sr., Metis and Genevieve Bruyere, Metis.

Jean Baptiste Lagimoniere, b-1778. and associates Joseph (Louis)Paquin, and Charles Bellegarade with their Cree Metis families are working the Edmonton area as far east as Cypress Hills, from (1807-1811)

Jacques L'Hirondelle, Jr. Metis b-1807 Lesser Slave Lake son  Jacques L'Hirondelle Metis NWC since 1804 and Josette Pilon, Metris or Indian from Athabasca:  Jacques joined HBC May 21, 1832 at Edmonton House.

Some suggest (II)-Jacques Raphael (Jacko) Finlay, Metis (1768-1828) with his large Metis family, returned to Rocky Mountain House, aka Poste de la Montagne de Roches, (Alberta) after his trip to the Columbia River system.  

(II)-Peter Pruden, Metis born 1807 Action House on the Saskatchewan River son (I)-Jean Peter Pruden (1778-1868) and Nancy Cree Indian Woman (1785-1837).

(I)-David Thompson (1770-1857) departed Rocky Mountain House (Alberta) for the B.C. interior, Columbia District (Idaho and Washington) .  He spent the next year trading

(I)-David Thompson (1770-1857), of North West Company, had made friends with the Piegan Indians who showed him the Findlay Pass aka Howse Pass that has been in use for the past 10 years by the Metis. 

(I)-David Thompson (1770-1857), North West Company, built Fort Kootenay, Windermere Lake, B.C. and criticized (II)-Jacques Raphael (Jacko) Finlay, Metis (1768-1828) because the canoes he built the previous year were destroyed by animals.  This animosity is likely because Finley had explored the territory Thompson was planning to cover.  Some say (II)-Finlay quit the Northwest Company as a result of this conflict. 

North Branch House was built by the H.B.C. on the North Saskatchewan River at the mouth of the Brazeau River and likely closed 1808. 

Pembina is derived from the Ojibwa word Anepeminan, meaning summer berry- a kind of cranberry. 

Fort Edmonton (Alberta) is reported destroyed by the Blood Indians and the area near Sturgeon River is abandoned until 1819.

James Hughes d-1823 of the North West Company moved Fort Augustus up river to the Edmonton Area, and most likely (I)-James Bird Sr., aka James Curtis (1773-1856) rebuilt Edmonton House next door.

Quagmire Hall built by the N.W.C. on the North Saskatchewan River below Rocky Rapids also called Muskake Fort was abandoned before 1811.

Fitzhugh Place aka Jasper's House, (Alberta) birth, Marie Comtois, Metis died December 1875 Fort MacLeod (Alberta) daughter Siour Comtois and Josephte Fagnant, Metis who married Peter Skene Ogden born 1794 Quebec died September 27, 1854 Oregon.  Peter had a 2nd marriage about 1816, Julie (Julia Flathead & Princess Julia) Rivet (Salishan Spokane) (1800-1886) daughter Therese Tete Platte (Salishan Spokane).

Legasse and Leblanc with the Kootenay Indians crossed the Findlay Pass aka Howse Pass in trade.

January:  At Fort Edmonton (Alberta)  Isaac Daignault (Daigneault) is born the son of Richard Daignault (Daigneault) and a Cree woman.  (I)-James Bird, born (1773-1856), is commandant at Edmonton House and noted the half-breeds can feast with pleasure on horse, dog or any substance.  He can even support a deprivation of all food for a greater length of time and with less concern than any other man on the face of the earth.  Some claim that Fort Augustus and Fort Edmonton, located down river from present Edmonton, were destroyed by the Indians in 1807/08.   This is interesting given that the fort was in use in 1810-1811 and there was no record of  it being rebuilt?   Maybe they are referring to Fort Augustus or the XY Fort? 

January 6:   At Pembina, Marie-Anne Gaboury, originally from Maskinonge near Trois-Rivers, Quebec, married to free trader, Jean Baptiste Lagimodiere, gave birth to her second baby , born shortly after riding a horse in a bison (buffalo) hunt, while the first born rode in a saddle bag.  Within three days she was back riding to Fort Edmonton (Alberta). 

March 24:  (II)-Jacques Raphael (Jacko) Finlay, Metis (1768-1828) returned with his Indian woman and two Metis children from the mountains to meet (I)-David Thompson (1770-1857), March 24, 1807.  

May 10:  (I)-David Thompson (1770-1857) , Finan McDonald and eight voyageurs began an expedition to cross the Rocky Mountains.  The used what was to become known as Howse Pass that had been in use by the Indians for years if not centuries.  They made Blaeberry River aka Columbia River by June 30,  It should be noted that Jaco Finlat the Metis had built and cached a canoe at this location in 1806 for their use but someone had smashed it.

July 18: The (I)-David Thompson (1770-1857) expedition had arrived Lake Windermere and built Kootanee House at the south end of the lake.  A letter written about this time suggests that (I)-David Thompson (1770-1857) had another child in the Athabasca District by another woman other than Charlotte.   

October 20:  Devil or Spirit Lake (Lac Ste Anne, Alberta), birth, Jean Baptiste Letendre aka Mooshwan, Metis, son Ferguson Letendre and A-tee-ka-po;  married 1845, Devil Lake (Lac Ste Anne, Alberta)  Madelaine Gladu, Metis born September 22, 1830, Devil Lake (Lac Ste Anne, Alberta), daughter Charles Gladu, b-1810 and Therese Gray, b-1813, Lesser Slave Lake (Alberta), living Lac Ste Anne 1901.

December 4:   Sturgeon Lake (Alberta), birth George Harmon, Metis, died March 18, 1813 Shelburne, Vermont, son Daniel Williams Harmon born February 19, 1778 Bennington, Vermont died April 1843 Sault au Recollets, Quebec and Lizzette Laval (Duval) Metis born 1790 Rocky Mountain House, aka Poste de la Montagne de Roches, died February 12, 1861 Sault au Recollet, Quebec.

1808

Edmonton House, birth (II)-John Bird, Metis (1808-1837) son (I)-James Bird (1773-1856) and Mary Kelly Swampy Cree Indian.

Jack Harding, a Texan Rancher, claimed to have kept a stopping place near Eggie's, on the Athabasca Trail, and squatted near Bernard in 1808 but moved over to the Twin Lakes at Clairmount and later to Pouce Coupe.  Most of this source, the Grand Prairie Herald-historical Issue deals with the early 1900's so this could be a typo error and might be 1908?

David Harmon (1778-1845) visited Fort Providence on the island near the forks of the Saskatchewan, and Sturgeon Fort just above Fort Providence; Net Setting River Fort where he found the remains of a whole range of forts, were trading houses below Fort Carlton on the Saskatchewan.

Alexander Henry (1764-1814) wintered Fort Vermilion, at the mouth of the Vermilion River (Alberta).

(I)-John George McTavish employed NWC (1798-1821) is assigned Fort Dunvegan on the Peace River (1808-1809).  This was a large fort built by Harmon, John McGillivray, J.D. McTavish, John McTavish, Archibald Norman Macleod and 32 others comprising Metis voyagers, nine women and several children.  Some Iroquois were present as hunters being brought from the east for their special skills.  The Beaver people were in the vicinity.  Lanfd was broken and potatoes, vegetables and barley were planted and yielded large returns.

(I)-Jean Peter Pruden (1778-1868) a HBC Master and Trader wintered Edmonton House.  He spent 1808-1809 in London leaving his wife and children at Carlton House..

The North West Company built Fort Augustus (later Fort Edmonton), James Hughes, d-1823 was commandant.  Fort Augustus was a three days journey up river from Fort Vermillion at this time.  Its first year of operation saw about 100 Blood Indians came to trade.

Michel Patenaude, Metis, b-1808, Fort Edmonton (Fort Augustus?), (Alberta), died 1875 South Saskatchewan River, son Michel Patenaude, b-1784, Red River des Metis, died July 20, 1863 Red River and Francoise Gros Ventre; married 1st Rosalie Berger, Metis, b-1815, Fort Edmonton or Fort Augustus?) (Alberta), daughter Jacques Berger and Cecile Dumont, Metis, b-1800; 2nd marriage, 1843, Fort Edmonton (Alberta) Josep[hte Bourassa, b-1810 daughter Michel Francois Bourassa and Marguerite Beaulieu.

Boggy Hall Post NWC existed some unknown time prior to this and is located on north bank of the Saskatchewan River at township 46, and 47, ramge 9 just above Blue Rapids.  (I)-David Thompson (1770-1857) left his family here October 3rd and mentioned Fort Muskako in township 30, range 6 west 5th, called Quagmire Hall by Alexander Henry (1764-1814).  Fort George was in ruins and Old Fort Augustus had been pillaged and destroyed by the Blackfoot.  He mentioned Old Island Fort, 20 miles above Fort George and a new Fort near Fort Vermilion, just recently built on the north side of the river opposite the mouth of Vermilion River.  It was the headquarters of the district and Alexander Henry the younger (1764-1814) had just arrived from Red River to take charge of the fort for NWC.  The HBC also had a post here in charge of by Henry Hallett and Robert Longmore.  (I)-David Thompson (1770-1857) was back in the Kootemy country 1808-1809. 

Boggy Hall, birth (II)-John Thompson Metis died January 11, 1814 Terrebonne son (I)-David Thompson (1770-1857) and (II)- Charlotte Small b-1785 Metis.  Boggy Hall was at the mouth of the Brazeau and Nordegg Rivers into the Saskatchewan River.

The Hudson Bay Company would later in 1819 build Fort Edmonton and John Rowand (1787-1854) was in charge.

The XY Company built a Fort on or near the final Fort Edmonton location and is therefore the first Fort located at Edmonton city, the commandant of the fort is unknown.  XY would merge with the N.W.C..

Jean Baptiste Lagimodiere, a bigamist, born December 26, 1778, died September 7, 1855 and illegitimate wife Marie Anne Gaboury, born August 15, 1780 Quebec, died December 14, 1875, departed Pembina in August for Fort Meadows (later called Fort Strong Edmonton and Fort Edmonton).  Jean was also married to Josephte Indian with three small children whom he abandoned.  They traveled with the families of Chalifoux, Belgrade and Paouin.  The reason for their move was that Jean Baptiste Lagimodiere had three baby girls by Indian women and she threatened to poison Marry Anne.  Marie Gaboury Lagimodiere is claimed to be the first French Metis Woman recorded at Fort Augustus Edmonton, Alberta.  She is from the Pembina post and is married to free trader, Jean Baptist.  They lived in the Edmonton area for four years, eventually returning to Red River.  Their daughter Julie, who is born in Alberta, would become the mother of Louis Riel.  Many later arrivals to Edmonton would claim to be first.

Fort Edmonton (Fort Augustus?), birth Michel Patenaude Jr., Metis died 1875 on South Saskatchewan River, son Michel Patenaude Sr. b-1784 and Francoise Gros-Venture, he married Rosalie Berger b-1815 Fort Edmonton daughter of Berger and Cicile Dumont.

(II)-Jacques Raphael (Jacko) Finlay, Metis (1768-1828) guided (I)-Joseph Howse HBC (1774-1852) man through the Finlay Pass and Howse named the pass after himself.  This is interesting given he knew that Finlay and others had used the pass in the past 10 years and (I)-David Thompson (1770-1844) had used it last year but still he had the cheek to name it after himself.  Others suggest this took place in 1809.

Miquam (Jacques) or (Jacob) Finlay b-1808 Rocky Mountains, aka Poste de la Montagne de Roches, son (II)-Old Jacques Raphael (Jacko) Finlay, Metis (1768-1828) and Indian woman.   This is more likely one of the 4 adopted Lussier children.  Or one of his sons.  Nine other children born in Spokane, Washington are attributed to (II)-Jacques Raphael (Jacko) Finlay, Metis (1768-1828) and Indian woman.  Most of (II)-Old Jacques kids were born in the Fort Edmonton Area.   Some of these are likely associated with a different wife, his brother (II)-Xavier Finlay (1779-1859) or some of his sons or adopted sons.

A Hudson Bay Company had a house at Fort Vermillon with Henry Hallett and Robert Longmore.  Longmore spent 40 years with the HBC and left the country having saved £1,800.

Daniel Harmon (1778-1845) while ascending the Pacific River from Fort Chipewyan noted Fort Vermilion was 60 miles above Virmilion Falls, present site of Fort Vermilion.  He also mentions Encampment Island Fort but does not give it's location and it's not on Thompson's maps. .

June:  Simon Fraser (1776-1862) on the banks on the Fraser River encountered Indians who were exceeding well dressed in leather and were on horseback.  These horses are called wild mustangs (cayuse) and are descended from mustangs introduced by the Spanish, and still run wild in the area today.

June 5:  (I)-David Thompson (1770-1857)  went south to Kootenay River that he called McGillivany's River, as he wanted to establish trade with the Flat Head Indians (Salish) into Montana and Idaho.  He went to Bonner's Ferry (Idaho) then on to Cranbrook then back to Kooteney house by June 5. 

August:  Fort Meadows (on site of future Fort Edmonton), birth, Jean Baptiste Lagimodiere, (1778-1855) and Marie Anne Gaboury (1780-1875). 

August 8:  Red River des Metis, Alexander Henry, the younger (1764-1814) of NWC since 1791, set out for Fort Vermilion (near Elk Point, Alberta).

Alexander Henry, the younger (1764-1814) arrived Fort Vermilion and spent three years working the Saskatchewan up to the head waters.  Henry tells us in 1808-1809 season he traded with the Cree and a few Slaves from the north, with the Assiniboines from Battle River, the Blackfoot, Bloods and some Sarcees from the south.  To prevent rivalry they encouraged trade at different forts.  Peigans traded Fort Augustus (near Edmonton) and Rocky Mountain Hose.  The Bloods and Blackfoot were not allowed to trade at Rocky Mountain House until 1860.  Great order was maintained without Government or police. 

1809

Joseph Nabestiwayan Beaudry (1809-1881) was baptized, September 14, 1842, Fort des Prairies (Edmonton, Alberta) he married 1838 but was churched September 14, 1842, Fort des Prairie (Edmonton, Alberta) Louise Ladouceur, b-1820 Lac La Biche (Alberta) daughter Joseph Ladouceur and Josephte Cardinal, epouse Joseph Desjarlais.

(II)-James Bird aka Jimmy Jock, Metis (1798/1800-1892) son (I)-James Bird aka James Curtis (1773-1856) and Mary Kelly Swampy Creek Indian Woman.: married  1st Sarah a Piegan Indian, b-1809; married 2nd Elizabeth Indian b-1808;.  He joined HBC at Edmonton House 1809 so this supports an earlier birth than 1798.  However his father is in Charge of all inland posts stationed at  Edmonton House (1803-1813), and his son was hired as a writer.  W. V. Mackie at Prince Albert says "James Bird, an aged man residing here."
                            RECORDED CHILDREN most born (Alberta) but some likely born York Factory.
                                (some suggest this involves many wives.)
        (III)-James Bird 3rd, Metis, born North Saskatchewan River District or York Factory.
        (III)-John Bird, Metis, born North Saskatchewan River District or York Factory 
        (III)-William Bird, Metis, born North Saskatchewan River District. 
        (III)-Elizabeth, Metis, born North Saskatchewan River District. 
        (III)-Edward Bird, Metis, born North Saskatchewan River District. 
        (III)-Mary Bird, Metis, born North Saskatchewan River District. 
        (III)-Letitia Bird, Metis, born North Saskatchewan River District. 
        (III)-Maria Bird, Metis, born North Saskatchewan River District. 
        (III)-Charles Bird, Metis, born North Saskatchewan River District. 
        (III)-Joseph Bird, Metis, born North Saskatchewan River District. 
        (III)-Thomas Bird, Metis, born North Saskatchewan River District. 
        (III)-Alfred Bird, Metis, born North Saskatchewan River District. 
        (III)-Phillip Bird, Metis, born North Saskatchewan River District. 

(I)-William Fleet (1762-1823) employed HBC (1782-1823) assigned Saskatchewan River (1809-1823) married Isabella Saskatchewan, Indian (1775-1845)
        Recorded children      
        (II)-Elizabeth (Betsy) Flett, Metis baptized Red River April 19, 1825, married April 29, 1824, Robert Rowland
        (II)-Peter Flett, Metis baptized Red River April 19, 1825, married November 27, 1834 Euphemia Halcrow
        (II)-Anne (Nancy) Fleet Metis baptized June 29, 1824, Red River, married William Gibson
        (II)-William Fleet, Metis baptized Red River June 29, 1824.

Joseph Gray, Metis, b-1809, Jasper House (Alberta), son, Thomas Gray and Mary Nipissing; 1st married, Clarisse Karaconti, 2nd married 1845 Devil Lake (Lac Ste Anne, Alberta), Susanne Callihoo L'Iroquoise, b-1824, daughter Louis Kwarakwentlia Callihoo L'Iroquoise, b-1782, Quebec and Marie Katis Sekanaise of the Montagnais Nation.

Pierre Genou, alias Gagnon and Ginan, voyager for the North West Company, is reported with (I)-David Thompson (1770-1857) this and next year. On October 20, at Fort Vermilion, in house #5, lives Joseph Genou, alias Gagnon or Gagnion, and his wife.  No children are reported, but the Gagnon family in 1810 numbered 17 persons. 

 Joseph Hawse of the Hudson Bay with a 17 man expedition journeyed from Edmonton House (Fort Meadows?) to the Rocky Mountains, aka Poste de la Montagne de Roches.  He also traveled from Augustus House, Fort Saskatchewan, across the continental divide to Flathead Lake, Montana (Flathead is a tribal name) and returned with thirty-six packs of furs.  The old abandoned Fort Augustus, located one mile above Sturgeon River mouth (Fort Saskatchewan), is burned this year by the Blackfoot.  

Alexander Henry, the younger (1764-1814) of NWC  records he packed 380 front quarters and 530 hind quarters of buffalo (bison) meat in his ice house.  Fort Vermilion, White Earth House and Edmonton House had immense ice houses.

Alexander Henry (1764-1814) of NWC  visited Fort William aka Kaministiqua, Fort Augustus and traded New Earth House (near the mouth of Wabamun Creek, before returning to Fort Vermilion.. 

 (I)-Joseph Howse (Howes) (1774-1852) employee HBC (1795-1815) is posted Edmonton House (1809-1810)

Joseph Ladouceur b-1780 Quebec, voyageur with NWC, wintered (1809-1810) Fort Vermillion with his Indian wife and any children are not recorded.

Alexander Roderick McLeod (1782-1840) employed NWC/HBC (1802-1824) of the Athabasca Department.is posted to Rocky Mountain House (1809-1911)

(II)-Jacques Raphael (Jacko) Finlay, Metis (1768-1828) lived between Blaeberry and Kootenae House he adopted the 4 Lussier orphaned children.  It is likely these children took on the Finlay name.   The casual adoption of orphaned children is quite common among the Metis culture.  The Piegan People robbed Finlay of his horse and goods, he was known to have more than 18 horses.

Fort Dunvegan (1805-1918) D.W. Harmon, famous as a NorthWest Co explorer, took over Fort Dunvegan, to be succeeded in turn by John McGillivray. Other famous NorthWest Company traders whose names are connected with Dunvegan include McDonald McTavish, Joseph Finlay and Samuel Black who all outfitted or stopped off at Dunvegan during their voyages of exploration.

May 31:  Fort Vermilion, (Alberta) Alexander Henry, the younger (1764-1814) of NWC since 1791 wrote, gathered all my turnips 50 bushels in all.  This implies he was here in previous years  This NWC fort contained 36 men, 27 Indian and Metis women and 67 Metis children

June:  (I)-David Thompson (1770-1857) was at the New Fort Augustus (Edmonton) where he met James Hughes, now partner NWC.  Thompson sent his brigade eastward and returned to the Columbia, meeting Joseph Howse at Kootnay Plain.

July 21:  D.W. Harmon, a famous N.W.C. explorer took over Fort Dunvegan and was succeeded by John McGillvray.  Harmon says the barley was cut on this date and it was the finest he had ever seen in any country.

September 10:  (I)-David Thompson (1770-1857) with Joco Finlay and a party went to Bonner's Ferry (Idaho) then south to Pend Oreille Lake where they built Kullyspell House.  Then they built Saeesh House on the Clark Forn River near Thompson Falls (Montana) where tey wintered.

September 15:  Alexander Henry the Younger, Metis (1764-1814) is at Fort Vermilion on the Saskatchewan.  He recorded the mixing of liquor for the Indians to make a nine gallon keg we generally mix 4-5 quarts of high wine and then fill with water.  This is called Blackfoot Rum.  For the Cree and Assiniboine we use 6 quarts high wine.  For Saulteurs 8-9 quarts.  Therefore costs were low and profits were high.  

October:   Alexander Henry the Younger, Metis (1764-1814), on the Saskatchewan River, opposite the mouth of the Vermilion River, with eleven canoes of trade goods, noted (II)-James (Jimmy Jock) Bird, Jr. Metis (1798/1800-1892) employed HBC (1809-1839) so must be born before 1800 (some records say 1783 or 1785)  and his family wife Sarah Piegan and children arrived by canoe from York Factory, then departed with his family on horseback, presumably for Fort Edmonton.  (II)-Jimmy Jock Bird (1800-1892)  is the Half-breed son of  (I)-James Bird Sr. (1773-1756) and Indian woman, others say mother was Mary Kelly Swampy Creek Indian Woman and sill others Elizabeth Oo-menahomiski Indian..

October 20:   At Fort Vermilion, in house #5, lives Joseph Genou  (b-1777?), alias Gagnon or Gagnion, and his wife (Josephte Lapierre b-1785??).  No children are reported but the Gagnon clan in 1810 numbered 17 persons.

1810  

Fort Edmonton, birth (II)-Letitia Bird, Metis (1810-1897) daughter (I)-James Bird (1773-1856) and Mary Kelly Swampy Cree Indian; married 1841, Columbia (Oregon) Charles McKay

Pierre Bostonais, d-1827 an Iroquois Metis with yellow hair also called Tete Jaune meaning yellow head, is recorded in Rocky Mountain House in employ of the NWC. 

(I)-William Fleet (1762-1823) employed HBC (1782-1823) assigned Action House, Saskatchewan River (1810-1812)

(I)-William Fleet (1786-1852) employed HBC (1807-1832) assigned  Saskatchewan River (1810-1818) he married Betsy Indian woman (1787-1847) likely at Cumberland House

(I)-William Flett b-1788 Orkney employed HBC (1807-1818) assigned inland Saskatchewan and Edmonton House (1813-1818) then he returned to Orkney.

Charles Gladu, b-1810, N.W.T. son Francois Gladu, born December 25, 1763 and  Josephte Cartrand, b-1773; married 1825, Devil Lake (Lac Ste Anne, Alberta ), Therese Gray, Metis, b-1813, Lesser Slave Lake, daughter Thomas Gray and Marie Nipissing epouse Archibald McDonald son Allen McDonald, born May 19, 1832.

Alexander Henry (1764-1814) reported White Earth House barley was frozen so he sent his harvesters to Edmonton to reap a splendid harvest.

(II)-Nicholas Montour Jr.Metis is working out of Fort Vermilion this season for NWC.

White Earth River was a joint venture between Alexander Henry (1764-1814) of NWC and Henery Hallett of the HBC.  When this post was completed Fort Vermilion and Fort Augustus would be shut down.  The population of the post was 135 NWC and 85 HBC people.  The entire compound was enclosed in one stockade while each company had it's own internal stockade.  Warehouses were built, workmen houses and the Big House for the Chief Factors built before winter set in.   Blacksmith's shops were built and a hen house.  Fields were cleared for barley, potatoes, turnips and radishes.  The women picked strawberries, raspberries and cranberries to mix with pemmican.  Haying was finished August 29 having put up more than 2000 bundles.  This co-operation was before the savage and bloody conflict that later disgraced the conduct of both companies in the years between 1811 and 1921.  

February 1: Alexander Henry (1764-1814) wintered Fort Vermilion, at the mouth of the Vermilion River (Alberta).  He wrote; they laid in their glaciere (ice-house) 550 thighs and 380 shoulders of bison (buffalo).  And on May 31, when they abandoned the post, they left about 400 frozen quarters behind, which they could not carry with them.  The combined numbers of the two abandoned posts gathered at Terre Blanche House were 135, which included women and children.  

Near Cypress Hills, birth, Jossette (The Cypresses) Lagimodiere, Metis daughter Jean Baptiste Lagimodiere, (1778-1855) and Marie Anne Gaboury, Metis (1780-1875) of Fort Meadows (future site Fort Edmonton.. 

(II)-Nicholas Montour Jr. son (I)-Nicholas Montour Sr. d-1808 a shareholder in the NWC, (II)-Nicolas is employed NWC (1804-1817) posted this season to Fort Vermilion, Saskatchewan River.

(II)-Margaret Pruden, Metis born 1810 Carlton House on the Saskatchewan River daughter (I)-Jean Peter Pruden (1778-1868) and Nancy Cree Indian Woman (1785-1837).

John Rowand (1787-1854), a clerk with the North West Company, raised in Montreal, took a young native country wife, Louis Umphreville, at Fort Des Prairies,  (Edmonton, Alberta) after she saved his life, yet he never once recorded her name.  He would later serve at Fort Edmonton aka Fort Meadows (Alberta). 

(I)-David Thompson (1770-1857) wintered Old Fort Augustus 1810/1811, likely with wife (II)-Charlotte Small, Metis (1784/5-1848/1856) and family.  He visited Rainy Lake accompanied by his family.  At this time Upper Fort Augustus (Edmonton) and Fort Vermilion were abandoned and a new house built at the mouth of the White Earth River, section 1, township 59, range 16, west 4th.  Henry was in charge of the NWC post and Hallett for the HBC.  Thompson returned to the Columbia this autumn with trade goods.  At the headwaters of the Saskatchewan Thompson and Alexander Henry was turned back by the Peigans for trading arms to the Kootenays and Thompson had to find another way over the Rockies.  They took the Athabaska Pass by following the Old Indian trail from Boggy Hall and arrived at the pass in December..

(II)-George Ward, Metis b-1810 son (I)-John Ward Sr. employed HBC  (1788-1796) Orkney and Native woman.  John had "run away" taking a canoe with him which was deducted from his wages.

(II)-James Whitman Jr Metis b-1796 is at Carlton House (1810-1815) on the North Saskatchewan River.

Old Fort Augustus (Edmonton) planted a barley crop that failed.

Alexander Henry, the younger, Metis (1764-1814) of NWC since 1791, visited Fort Meadows (Edmonton) and Fort Terre Blanche, near the mouth of Wabamun Creek  Angus Bethune (1783-1858) is on this cavalcade.

The Hudson Bay Company abandoned Fort Edmonton due to the hostility of the Cree and Blackfoot towards the H.B.C.  Some suggest they abandoned the fort in 1807 because it was burnt down and they feared for their lives.  Fort Edmonton would not be rebuilt until 1819.

The North Western's James Hughes, d-1823 and Alexander Henry, the younger, Metis (1764-1814) of NWC, agreed with the Hudson Bay's (I)-James Bird Sr. (1773-1856), Henry Hallet and (I)-John Peter Pruden  (1778-1868) in attempting to separate the Cree and the Blackfoot for the purpose of trade because these two Peoples are in disagreement. 

(I)-John Park (1768/71-1847) employed HBC (1792-1822) assisted (I)-Joseph Howse's (1774-1852) expedition across the Rocky Mountains.  Park worked the Saskatchewan river (1810-1822)

Some suggest that the NWC, Fort Augustus and the HBC, Fort Edmonton relocated from Rossdale Flats (Edmonton, Alberta) to Wabamun Creek and the Saskatchewan River.  This site was short lived and they both returned to Rossdale Flats (Edmonton, Alberta).  Fort Edmonton would not be rebuilt until 1819 so it like only the NWC relocated..

Both the Hudson Bay Company and the North West Company built Forts at Upper Terra Blanche (Fort White Earth), they shared a common palisade.  The forts were also called Lower Terre Blanche of Fort Edmonton.  They were abandoned in 1813.  Some suggest this was White Mud Creek near Edmonton. but this is not likely.  It was more likely White Earth River, near Pakan, Alberta.  It could be White Mud House near Lake Wabamun west of Edmonton.  The North West Company Fort contained 135 people, being composed of 28 men, 35 women and 72 children.  The Hudson Bay Company fort contained 85 people.   Fort Augustus and Fort Saskatchewan moved seventy miles down stream to White Earth Creek.  They built in a common stockade and retained the Augustus and Edmonton names, but the traders called it Fort White Earth, Terra Blanche, and Lower White Earth Post.  The NWC some say didn't return to Edmonton until 1813, where they would stay on Rosedale Flats, again within a common stockade, and became the central headquarters for the Hudson Bay Company fur trading on the western prairies.  Others suggest the HBC did not return to Edmonton until 1819.  This would imply the forts moved upstream and down stream between Rocky Mountain House, aka Poste de la Montagne de Roches, and Fort Saskatchewan a number of times.  It is worth noting that Fort Edmonton a.k.a. Fort Augustas was also known as Fort de (des) Prairie.  There appears to be some confusion during this period.  It maybe the difference between a fort vs. a trading post.

May 31:  Fort Vermilion, Alexander Henry, the younger, Metis (1764-1814) of NWC since 1791 departed Fort Vermilion (near Elk Point, Alberta) for Rocky Mountain house aka Poste de la Montagne de Roches (Alberta) with a cavalcade of 44 horses, 60 dogs (travaille), 12 men, 6 women and 1 blind man.  This is interesting they used horses and dog trains rather than canoes.  The intent was to cross the Rocky Mountains and previous crossing by the Metis likely suggest pack horses and dog trains was the way to go.  Henry writes:
            Desjarlix out hunting
            Seven men out to raise dog train (travaille)
            Four men laying out canoes and cleaning the fort
            Willy Flats's boy is very sick
            Pichette is among those at the Fort

Angus Bethune, of NWC likely Metis, (1783-1858) is at Fort Vermillion with Henry's cavalcade, and one of the women is likely wife  Louisa McKenzie, likely Metis daughter Roderick McKenzie of Terrebonne.

November:  Adjoining posts were built by N.W.C. and H.B.C. on the North Saskatchewan River at the mouth of Wabamun Creek and was called Little White Earth Post aka Upper Terre Blanche Fort.  They were abandoned in April 1813.  Lower Terre Blanche (White Earth) was built some ninety miles below Edmonton House.

1811

Joseph Beaudry aka Beaudrie or 'Old Goudrie, Metis, d-1863, employed (1811-1817) likely Saskatchewan District, employed HBC on and off (1821-1846) Saskatchewan District, Fort Edmonton & Fort Carlton.  He retired Red River 1846

(II)-Arthur Bird, Metis born 1811 Edmonton House or born 1822 Red River son (I)-James Bird (1773-1856) and Mary Kelly Swampy Cree Indian or Elizabeth Oo-menahomiski; traveled to Oregon Territory with step brother/brother (1854)

Jacques Cardinal aka Cardinalle & Cardinel b-1772 employed NWC before 1811 but assigned Fort des Prairies (1811-1812)

(I)-Patrick Corcoran aka Cochrane, and Cochran, b-1787 Ireland, came to York Factory as a Red River Settler (1811-1812), found his way to Montreal, joined HBC, traveled to Athabasca (1819-1820) worked Fort Wedderburn, Athabasca District (1820-1822).  Patrick was the brother of John d-1827, Thomas (1794-1865), Richard and Edward.

(I)-Peter Corrigal aka Corrigle Orkney, (1782-1866) employed HBC (1797-1823) is assigned Saskatchewan District (1811-1814); 1st. married Christianna an Indian Woman (1751-1851) and they had a son (II)-James Corrigal, Metis; 2nd marriage Margaret an Indian Woman, (I)-Peter retired Red River 1819.

Saskatchewan District, birth, (II)-Elizabeth Dunnet, Metis , baptized July 17, 1827 Red River daughter (I)-William Dunnet aka Dunnett, Dennet (1780-1864) employed HBC (1796-1821) and (II)-Sophia Ballendine, Metis, b-1791: married John Slater.

(I)-Hugh Gibson (1780-1869) employed HBC (1797-1824) assigned Fort Edmonton (1811-1824), listed in June 1, 1823 as having a family of seven including an Indian Woman.  (II)-Barbara Gibson, Metis, (II)-Anne Gibson, Metis and (II)-Elizabeth Gibson, Metis are likely among the seven.  Hugh was described as a saucy, mischief making fellow.  It's possible he married a 2nd wife March 2, 1829, Christina Indian baptized January 8, 1830?

George Gladue, Metis b-1811 Athabasca married about 1885, likely at Beaver Lake, (Alberta), Anne Metis b-1851, Alberta.

Jeanette Guilvieu b-1811 N.W. living Battle River (Alberta), 1891.

Alexander Henry d-1814 wintered Rocky Mountain House then over the Great Divide at the Rocky Mountain Portage (Howse Pass).

William Henry of the NWC built Henry House on the Athabasca River in the vacinity of Jasper.  It was near the site of a supply depoit built by Jasper Hawes in 1801. 

Michel Klyne, b-1811 Fort Edmonton, (Fort Augustus/Meadows ?) died December 9, 1875, son Michel Klyne, b-1781, Canada, and Suzanne Lafrance, Metis, b-1790 North West Territories; married Mareleine Beauchemin, Metis, b-1820 on the Plains, NWT. daughter Andre Millet dit Beachemin, b-1778 and Charlotte Pelletier, Metis, b-1785

Louis Lachapelle b-1777 Repentigny, Montreal employed NWC (1811-1821) and HBC (1821-1830) Athabasca District.

Michel Lafforte (Ferte) (1788-1861) (1788-1861) NWC assigned to Fort des Prairies before going to Fort George, Caledonia and Columbia 1812 

Jean Baptiste Lagimodiere, (1778-1855) and Marie Anne Gaboury (1780-1875) of Fort Meadows (future site Fort Edmonton), returned to Red River. 

Joseph La Guarde aka Lagarde, Le Guarde etc, b-1790 Lac La Pluie employed NWC/HMC Athabasca (1811-1836) and then retired to Red River. 

Pierre Larocque b-1786 employed NWC (1804-1821) as a voyageur 1804 or earlier out of Fort Dauphin )Manitoba) is in the Athabasca District (1811-1821). 

Charles Plante (1790-1854) employed NWC (1811-1814) Athabasca District, then Columbia District in 1821; with HBC 1821-1842 in Columbia..

Fort Augustus, birth (II)-Jushua Thompson Metis son (I)-David Thompson (1770-1857) and Charlotte Small, Metis

Rocky Mountain House (NWC) is located up river from the Fort St John another NWC fort on the Peace River (Alberta).  This is not to be confused with Rocky Mountain House (NWC) on the North Saskatchewan River (Alberta).  Going west from Lake Athabasca up the Peace River are the following North West Company forts and trading houses active this year.  Fort Chipewyan (north shore), Fort Wintzel, Red River Fort, Fort Liard and next door Mansfield House HBC, Fort du Tremble, Fort Vermilion, Horseshoe House, McLeod's Fort, Fort of the Forks, Fort Dunvegan, Fort St. John and Rocky Mountain House.   

The North West Company built a trading post near Beaver Crossing, north of Indian Reserve #149, Cold Water Lake aka Cold Lake, (Alberta). 

At Great Bear Fort all but one of the men starved to death this year.

The North West Company built Henry's House in Jasper (adjacent to the Jasper-Malign Canyon road, Alberta) up river from Fitzhugh Place aka Jasper's House (NWC) on the Athabasca River (Alberta).  Going south from Lake Athabasca up the Athabasca River are the following North West Company forts and trading houses active this year.  Fort Chipewyan (south shore), Fort Nottingham (HBC), Pound's House, Fort Pierre au Calumet, Fort of the Forks, Lesser Slave River House (Lesser Slave Lake Fort, north end of lake), two Athabasca River posts, Fitzhugh Place aka Jasper House and Henry's House aka Jasper's House.

Going down river from the Rocky Mountains on the North Saskatchewan River we find; Action House (HBC), Rocky Mountain House (NWC), Boggy Hall (NWC) on the west bank of the Saskatchewan River above Blue Rapids, Quagmire House (NWC), Buck Lake House (HBC), Earth River (HBC), Earth River (NWC), Fort Augustus (NWC), Edmonton House (HBC), Fort de I'lisle (HBC), Firt I'lisle (NWC), Fort George (NWC), Buckingham House (HBC), and Fort Vermilion (HBC & NWC),

Beaver River and tributatories, north of Fort Augustus Fort de l'Original (NWC), Greenwich House (HBC) and Fort Lac La Biche.

South Saskatchewan River contained Bow River Fort (NWC), and Fort La Jonquiere (NWC),    

Alexander Henry, the younger, Metis (1764-1814) of NWC since 1791 wintered Rocky Mountain House and crossed the Rocky Mountains to trade with the Salish Indians.  Angus Bethune (1783-1858) likely is with Henry as second in command.

January 11:  Thomas Iroquois showed (I)-David Thompson (1770-1857) the mountain pass to the Columbia.  The Iroquois had been using the pass for over ten years. 

May:   Alexander Henry, the younger, Metis (1764-1814) pitched his tent in old Fort Augustus (Alberta).  

May:  (I)-David Thompson (1770-1857) is back at Rocky Mountain House but the Blackfoot were determined to stop them from trading with the Kootnay, so they had to cross the Rockies at Jasper, a pass well explored about 1809 by the Nepisanoues (Ojibwa) and 14 Frenchmen.  (I)-David Thompson (1770-1857) used Thomas Iroquois as his guide.

May 11:  (I)-David Thompson (1770-1857) is at Henry House at the confluence of the Miette and the Athabasca Rivers, opposite the present station house in Jasper (Alberta).  He then went down the Athabasca to Little Slave River and turned up to the NWC post at the foot of the lake.  He continued down the Athabasca to the mouth of the Lac La Biche River.  He ascended the river to Lac La Biche lake.  Crossing the portage to Beaver River he descended to Isle a la Crosse.  Then onward to Fort William and thence to Terrebone, near Montreal to work on his maps.  He never returned to the west again.  He lost his fortune and was forced to sell his instruments and pawn his coat for food..  

July 14;  (I)-David Thompson (1770-1857)  went down to the mouth of the Columbia River as the Indians told him white people had settled near the sea coast.  He arrived Fort Astoria this month at the mouth of the Columbia River..

July 15:  Saskatchewan (River?) Valley, Pascal Breland, d-1896 Red River (Winnipeg?) son, Pierre Breland (1760-1829) and Louise Belly; married Marie Grant, born July 15, 1820 N.W., daughter James Grant, b-1796 and Marie Desmarais.

September 20:  (I)-David Thompson (1770-1857) and his trading party was served formal notice near Rocky Mountain House not to trade guns to the Kootenays.  An Iroquois member of the party informed (I)-David Thompson (1770-1857) there was another route over the mountains to the Kootenays by following the Athabaska River.  They journeyed to Jasper, established a trading post, with William Henry cousin/brother? of Alexander Henry, the younger, Metis (1764-1814) being in charge.  This post was known as Henry's House.

1812

(I)-William Fleet (1762-1823) employed HBC (1782-1823) assigned Little White Earth House, Saskatchewan River (1812-1813)

(I)-John Foubester (Fubbester, Foubister) b-1783 Orkney, employeed HBC (1806-1826) worked the Saskatchewan (1812-1820) and Edmonton House (1815-1820) then returned to Orkney.  They said he was sober, honest and obedient but a very bad steerman.

(I)-William Gibson b-1788 employed HBC (1804-1823) mostly in Fort Edmonton, married to Nancy Flett, Metis daughter (I)-William Fleet(1762-1823) and Isabella Saskatchewan an Indian woman.

Agathe Michel L'Iroquoise, b-1812 daughter Louis Kwarakwentha Callihoo L'Iroquoise, b-1782 Quebec and Marie Katis of the Sekanaise tribe of the Montagnais Nation; married August 21, 1838 Fort Carleton, (Saskatchewan), Brazil Larence, b-1789, Quebec.

Ignace LaMousse of Caughnawaga, Quebec arrived Alberta and by 1820 married a Flathead woman.  Two sons are known Charles and Francois LaMousse. 

Francois Lucier Sr. employed NWC Fort des Prairies, Saskatchewan River (1812-1821) and HBC (1821-1868) also on the Saskatchewan River.

Ignace Shonowane an Iroquois trader deserted the North West Company post at the Spokane River to join the the American post at the Columbia River's mouth.  By 1818 nearly a third on the Companies employees in the Columbia District were Iroquois traders.

(I)-David Thompson (1770-1857) recorded seeing the old fort of Mr. McLeod, on the Athabasca River, at the mouth of the McLeod River. 

1813

(I)-James Bird aka James Curtis (1773-1856) employed HBC (1788-1824) is posted Edmonton House as Chief of  Saskatchewan District (1813-1816).  Edmonton House was built of the flats and a disastrous flood of 1830 destroyed it.

Jasper Hawes, a Northwest Trading Company clerk, established Jasper's House aka 1801 Fitzhugh Place, aka 1811 Henry's House.  It is noteworthy the Metis and Iroquois traders are in the area since 1790's and were using the Yellowhead pass.  Jasper's first house was located at Brule Lake (Metis Lake) then moved in 1830 to Devona Siding.  Jasper House was not a significant trading post but an important supply depot for trade to the west coast via the Athbasca Pass.

Purriche DeLonnie (Pierriche Delorme) is born at White Mud, (Alberta) (White Mud Creek?), the son of Pierre DeLonnie (Delorme) and Marguerite Cardinal; married, 1835, Fort Pitt (Saskatchewan), Angele Bourassa, b-1805, Big Lake (St. Albert, Alberta) daughter Michel Francois Borrassa and Marguerite Beaulieu.

(III)-James Finley Metis (1794-1853/54), of Alberta is at Spokane this year along with (III)-Jac Rap Finlay and (III)-Bonhomme Finlay all likely the sons (II)-Old Jacques Raphael (Jacko) Finlay, Metis (1768-1828) and Indian woman.  Rap Jun Finlay and Thorburn Finlay are at Fort George and also likely the sons Jacques Raphael (Jacko) Finlay, Metis (1768-1828) of Alberta.  The location of Miquam Raphael Finlay who was born Alberta is unknown but he married Agnes Paul daughter Aenas (Big Knife) Iroquois Paul and Mary Ukupa one hoof.. 

(I)-William Fleet (1762-1823) employed HBC (1782-1823) assigned New Factory, Saskatchewan River (1813-1814)

(I)-William Gibson b-1788 employed HBC (1804-1823) assigned Fort Edmonton, (1813-1823), married Nancy Flett

Etienne Gregoire (1793-1867 of Maskinonge employed NWC (1813-1815) posted to Athabasca River (1813-1814)

(II)-Maria Pruden, Metis born 1813 Carlton House on the Saskatchewan River daughter (I)-Jean Peter Pruden (1778-1868) and Nancy Cree Indian Woman (1785-1837).

(I)-James Peter Whitford (1766-1818) is at Carlton House (1813-1815) on the North Saskatchewan River.

Therese Gray, Metis, b-1813, Lesser Slave Lake (Alberta), daughter, Thomas Gray and Marie Nipissing; married, 1825, Devil Lake (Lac Ste Anne, Alberta), Charles Gladu, b-1810 son Francois Gladu, born December 25, 1763 and Josephte Chartrand, b-1773.   

Joseph Ladouceur, b-1813, Beaver River (Alberta) married Julie Auger, (Alberta), b-1822 Lac La Biche (Alberta).

Lesser Slave Lake (Alberta), birth Therese Gray, Metis daughter Thomas Gray and Marie Nipissing

Joseph Pin b-1794, Sorel, employed by NWC (1813-14) at Fort des Prairies (Fort Augustus, Edmonton) on the Saskatchewan River 

Patrick Small Jr., Metis is (1789-1846) employed by NWC (1804-1821) son Patrick Small and Cree Woman: Married about 1813 at Fort des Prairies (Fort Augustus, Edmonton) on the Saskatchewan River, Nancy Hughes, Metis, daughter James Hughes d-1823 and Indian or Metis woman.

1814

Jean Baptiste Beaulieu, b-1814, Lac La Biche (Alberta), married, 1840 Red River Josephite Richard.

Lac La Biche des Metis (Alberta) marriage Jacques Cardinal, Metis b-1798 Moose Mountain, near Fort Pitt (Alberta/Saskatchewan border) son Joseph Cardinal b-1756, Quebec, d-1854 and Lizette Maskegan (Rose Cree); married 1814, Lac La Biche (Alberta), Josephte Tcikak, b-1780.

(I)-Peter Corrigal aka Corrigle Orkney, (1782-1866) employed HBC (1797-1823) is assigned Edmonton House, Saskatchewan District (1814-1815/19); 1st. married Christianna an Indian Woman (1751-1851) and they had a son (II)-James Corrigal, Metis; 2nd marriage Margaret an Indian Woman, (I)-Peter retired Red River 1819.

Francois Decoigne of the N.W.C, is in charge of Rocky Mountain House (Alberta).  He is discharged from the company for taking 2 pieces from the depot and the HBC are quick to hire him at £100. 

Antoine Desjarlais, a former NWC voyageur from Montréal, who married Napitch Cree, is an early settler of Lac La Biche. 

Saskatchewan District, or Moose Lake (Manitoba) birth, (II)-Margaret Dunnet, Metis , baptized June 5, 1823 Red River daughter (I)-William Dunnet aka Dunnett, Dennet (1780-1864) employed HBC (1796-1821) and (II)-Sophia Ballendine, Metis, b-1791: married Jean Baptiste (John) Spence.

Franchere called the post at the west side of the lower end of Brule Lake, Rocky Mountain House and described it as surrounded by steep rocks, inhabited only by mountain sheep and goats.  It was the original site of Jasper House called after Jasper Hawes aka Howse, who built it as a supply depot to facilitate traffic through the mountains to the Columbia River posts.  Joseph Decoigne, the founder of Fort D'Isle on the Saskatchewan River, above Fort George was in charge.

Franchere's party too canoes to a small post called Hunter's Lodge some miles above the junction of the Pembina and Athabasca Rivers, where a supply of canoes was kept for the use of the NWC men who went up and down the rivers.

(I)-William Fleet (1762-1823) employed HBC (1782-1823) assigned Edmonton House, Saskatchewan River (1814-1820)

Antoine Wabasca Gladu, Metis, b-1814/17, North West son Charles Gladu and Marie Marguerite (Madeleine) Ross; married 1838, Josephte Marie Desjarlais, b-1823, died, February 8, 1849 Red River,

Joseph Lafournaise aka Lacarte dit Laboucan (Luboucan ) b-1777-1780 Quebec, a voyager is working for NWC (1814-1815) out of Fort Pelly, Swan River (Saskatchewan).

Fort Augustus (Edmonton), birth (III)-Helen Small, Metis daughter (II)-Patrick Small Jr., Metis (1789-1846) and Nancy Hughes, Metis

At Rosedale Flats below Fort Edmonton, between 1814 and 1870, are the graves of 65 people, mostly Metis.

Marguerite Trotter b-1798 married a man named Jutras who worked for the North West Company.  This year the Dakota attacked their canoe and Jutras fled to save his life leaving his wife and child to their fait.  Marguerite survived but her baby and the other N.W.C. men died.  Jutras tried to reunite with his wife later but was rejected.

The Iroquois are reported in the Athabasca Valley this year.

May:  Gabriel Franchere passed Henry House while descended the Athabasca River on his way to Fort Astoria with a number of NWC men and Pacific Fur Company men, he called it an Old NWC post having been abandoned 4-5 years earlier.

November:  Slave Lake (Alberta), birth, Joseph L'Hyrondelle, Metis son Jacques L'Hyrondelle (L'Hirondelle) and Josephine Pilon, Metis or Indian; married, 1842 Fort Edmonton, (Alberta),  Marguerite Nepissing, Metis, b-1823, Lesser Slave Lake (Alberta), daughter Ignace Nepissing and Elizabeth Lizette Courteoreille.

1815

Rose (Rosalie) Berger is born Fort Edmonton (Fort Augustus/Meadows ?) daughter Jacques Berger and Cecile Dumont, Metis, born 1800; married Michel Patenaude Jr. Metis b-1808 Fort Edmonton, (Fort Augustus/Meadows ?) died 1875 South Saskatchewan River. 

Edmonton House, birth (II)-Thomas Bird, Metis b-1815 son (I)-James Bird (1773-1856) and Mary Kelly Swampy Cree Indian; traveled to Oregon Territory with step brother (II)-Philip Bird b-1818; married 1836 (II)-Ellen McDermot daughter (I)-Andrew McDermot (1783-1881) from Ireland and native girl.

Marguerite Brabant alias Salois, Metis, born 1815, Fort Edmonton (Fort Augustus/Meadows ?) (Alberta ) daughter Augustin Brabant and Angelique Sucier (Lucier), Metis, b-1800; married Joseph Edward Brazeau.

Sophie Collin, Metis, b-1815, Jasper House (Alberta), daughter Richard Collin, Metis and Genevieve Bruyere, Metis; married October 8, 1845, Fort des Prairies (Alberta), Jean Baptiste Gladu, b-1807 son Francois Gladu b-1763 and Josephte Chartrand, b-1773.

Francois Decoigne of H.B.C. built Fort Waterloo near Grouard (Alberta) near Lesser Slave Lake.

Antoine Dejarlois helped build Fort Waterloo (Lesser Slave Lake, Alberta) and his brothers Jean Baptiste Dejarlois and Joseph Dejarlois are well established and known in this area.

Fort Edmonton, birth (II)-David Gibson, Metis, died January 18. 1836,  son (I)-Hugh Gibson (1780-1869) employed HBC (1797-1824) and Indian woman.

Fort Edmonton, birth (II)-John Gibson, Metis, died January 18, 1836, son (I)-Hugh Gibson (1780-1869) employed HBC (1797-1824) and Indian woman.

Pierre Gladu Sr., b-1815, N.W.T. son Francois Gladu, born December 25, 1763 married about 1797, N.W.T.,  Josephte Cartrand, b-1773; married Nancy Dease, born July 26, 1825 N.W.T. daughter John Warren Dease Sr., b-1795 and Genevieve, b-1797.

Louis Guiboche alias the Pigeon a Metis joined the Hudson Bay Company, he was considered a 'Wilderness Pathfinder' and an interpreter and served at Fort Waterloo under John Lee Lewes Lesser Slave Lake.

White Hall was built by the H.B.C. near the abandoned Nelson House on the North Saskatchewan River downstream from Wabamun Creek, and closed in 1817.

British Columbia, marriage, Peter Hogden to Marie (Godin, Demontigny) Comptois, b-1795, daughter, of a man named Comptois and Suzette Godin.  Hogden epouse Josephte Fagnant, Metis, b-1799:  Marie Godin epouse 1820 Jasper House, (Alberta), Antoine Cardinal, Metis, b-1795 son Joseph Cardinal, b-1795 and Rose Cree.

Charles Laviolette (1795-1867) from St. Ours, Lower Canada, is in North West (1815-1823)

Hugh Munro (1802-1896) employed Fort Edmonton (1815-1822)

(I)-John Park (1768/71-1847) is Assistant trader Fort Edmonton (1815-1822)

John Rowand (1787-1854) of the NWC is said to have traveled the Carlton Trail from Red River to the North Saskatchewan River.  This trail was also called the Victoria Trail, Fort Pitt Trail, Battleford Trail, Frog Lake Trail, Edmonton Trail and other names suggesting a destination.

(II)-James Whitman Jr Metis b-1796 is at Fort Edmonton 1815-1816

 At Belly River, a Cree and Assiniboine party attacked a camp of Blood and Sarcee, killing four men and a woman.   Belly River is believed to have got its name from the Gros Ventres who lived in the vacinity.

The Thomas Thomas of H.B.C. built Beran's House on the Athabasca River at the mouth of the Calumet Creek.

John Clarke led one hundred Hudson's Bay Company men to Potato Island and built Fort Wedderburn. They ran out of food and John McGillvary, chief factor of the North West Company at Fort Chipewyan a mile away, refused help. Clarke and fifty men went to Fort Vermilion. At Loon River, sixteen men turned back; only three reached Fort Wedderburn.  Others say Fort Wedderburn was built in 1788?

1816  

(I)-James Bird aka James Curtis (1773-1856) employed HBC (1788-1824) is posted Carlton House as Chief of  Saskatchewan District (1816-1817).

Pierre Bostonais, d-1827 aka Tete Jaune (meaning yellow head) an Iroquois Metis became a free guide and scout.  He obviously explored the passes over the Rocky Mountains.  The Yellow Head Highway was named after him.

Jane Howse, Metis b-1816 Saskatchewan living Lakeland eastern Alberta 1891.

Angelique Cardinal, Metis, b-1816, most likely Lac La Biche des Metis (Alberta) daughter, Jacques Cardinal, Metis b-1798 and Josephte Tcikak, b-1780; married September 17, 1832 Red River Joseph Bottineau, b-1810 son Charles Joseph Bottineau, born May 1, 1776, Berthier Enhaut, Quebec and Margaret (aka Marthe Clear Sky) Adik Songab.

(II)-James Curtis Bird (1773-1856) Metis  son (I)-James Bird aka James Curtis and Elizabeth; married at Cumberland House, (Elizabeth Oo-menahomiski) is transferred to Carlton House on the North Saskatchewan River, and in 1817, when her husband is made Acting Governor of Rupert's Land until 1818.  

Louis Delonie b-1800 Quebec, employed HBC (1816-1842), assigned Athabasca, Cumberland and Great Slave Lake area (1816-1822)

Joseph Frederick Despard of Yamaska, Lower Canada, employed NWC (1816-1821) English River. 

Paul Niyawekanis Durand, Metis, b-1796 Rocky Mountain House, aka Poste de la Montagne de Roches, married 1816, Fort Edmonton, (Fort Augustus/Meadows ?) Marie Ahskekahmuahtaht, 2nd marriage 1846 Fort Pitt, Saskatchewan, Kewtchit.

George Donald (McDonald?), Metis b-1816 N.W.T. married to Elizabeth Metis b-1834 N.W.T., living Fort Edmonton 1891. 

Dominique Farron aka Frarron b-1798 employed HBC (1815-1840) assigned Athabasca (1816-1821)

Nicholas Finlay, Metis, b-1816 Alberta married Suzette (Josephte) b-1819 Oregon Territory daughter Cayuse and Palouse.

Jean Baptiste Francour b-1797 Yamaska, Quebec, employed NWC (1816-1821) assigned Fort des Praires.

(I)-James Grieve Sr. (1797-1875) Orkney, employed Northern District (1816-1821) and Columbia district (1824-1825)

(II)-Richard Grant (1793-1862) employed HBC (1816-1850) son William Grant and Margaret Laframboise is assigned Rocky Mountain House (1816-1821)

Lesser Slave Lake (Alberta), birth, Jean Baptiste L'Hyrondelle, Metis b-1816, son Jacques L'Hyrondelle (L'Hirondelle) Metis and Josephine Pilon, Metis or Indian; married, 1845, Lesser Slave Lake (Alberta), Catherine Loyer, Metis, born August, 1828, Jasper House (Alberta), daughter Louis Loyer and 1st wife Jennie Metis, Louis Loyer 2n'd marriage before 1840 Isabelle Gray, Metis (daughter Thomas Gray & Marie Nipissing.

(I)-John George McTavish employed NWC (1798-1821) is assigned to Athabaska (1816-1818) where he likely married his 1st wife (II)-Charlotte Thomas, Metis, daughter (I)-John Thomas (1772-1859); (not true likely married Fort St. Andrews, James Bay, (1803-1806, he abandoned her), his 2nd wife was (II)-Nancy McKenzie, Metis likely married (1812-1816) Columbia District, daughter (I)-Roderick MacKenzie (1772-1859) and an Indian woman, his 3rd wife married 1841, Catherine Turner, 2 children, 4th wife married 1843, Elizabeth Caneron, two children.  He likely had 5 children during his assignment Fort Dunvegan (1808-1809) and this assignment (1816-1818) with Nancy McKenzie.
            Nancy McKenzie children
    (II)-Mary McTavish, Metis b-1817, John assigned Athabasca at this time
    (II)-Floria McKenzie, Metis baptized 1822, John assigned York Factory, during this time
    (II)-Margaret McKenzie, Metis baptized 1823,  John assigned York Factory, during this time
    (II)-Ann McKenzie, Metis baptized 1826,  John assigned York Factory, during this time
    (II)-Grace McKenzie, Metis baptized 1826,  John assigned York Factory, during this time
It was common practice for children to call upon their father to get educated, find husbands or employed, on the other hand they could have been born in York Factory?

(I)-Robert McVicar (1794-1864) employed HBC (1812-1830) assigned to Great Slave Lake and Fort Wedderburn, Athabasca  (1816-1819)

(I)-Andrew Setter (1779-1870) of the HBC is at Fort Edmonton, married  Nostisho (Nestichio) Metis daughter Issac Batt; children (II)-James Setter, Metis, (II)-Andrew Setter, Metis, (II)-George Setter, Metis, and (II)-Margaret (Peggy) Spence, Metis

Joseph Vivina (Virna), Metis, b-1816, Red River and both his parents were born in Red River which would be about 1796.  He married Mary On Metis b-1821 N.W.T., living Fort Edmonton 1891 & 1901.

Pope Pius VIII forbade the use of torture in the tribunals of the inquisition, though it would continue for twenty years.  The practice of torture existed for six centuries and eighty Popes, in a line, supported the practice or remained silent.

July:  George Keith of the NWCo. in a letter states: - "This year (1816) we have ample reinforcements (for Athabasca) of men and goods and Mr. McLeod (Archibald Norman) has been clothed with the title of Superintendent and we hope to drive the HBCo. out of Athabasca again." At the same time a letter from the factor at Fort des Praires (Edmonton) to John McTavish states: - "Mr. McLeod is to winter in Athabasca. He will be of service for, you know, il peut faire le grand, and that is important among the Indians, especially a stout man, a red coat and a long sword.

1817  

Pierre Birard is born Fort Carlton on the North Saskatchewan River. son Pierre Birard and Josephine Pincau.

Ross Cox who passed down the Saskatchewan River with a brigade of over 80 people of the Pacific Fur Company from Fort Astoria on the Pacific says Henry's Old Fort was abandoned and that Jasper House was a miserable concern of rough logs with only three apartments, but scrupulously clean.  Jasper Hawes himself was now in charge.  Later Jasper house was built farther up the river at the foot of Jasper Lake.

Ile-a-la-Crosse, marriage (I)-Patrick Cunningham (1789/94-1831) Ireland, employed HBC (1812-1831) to (II)-Mary (Anne) Bruce, Metis, (1794-1859) daughter (I)-Benjamin Bruce (1771-1823) and Indian or Metis woman

Julia Daniel, Metis b-1817 Athabasca, living Strathcona, (Alberta) 1901.

Francois Decoigne formally of the N.W.C, is master of the HBC Athabasca District at £300.

Jean Baptiste Klyne, b-1817 NWT son Michel Klyne, b-1781, Canada married about 1807, Suzanne Lafrance, Metis, b-1790 North West Territories.

Joseph Lafournaise aka Lacarte dit Laboucan (Luboucan ) b-1777-1780 Quebec, a voyager is working NWC out of Fort Des Prairies most likely on the Saskatchewan near Fort Edmonton or could be Fort Corne?

Francois Lemire, Metis, b-1817, Lesser Slave Lake (Alberta) son Pierce Lemire and Marie Blackfoot; married, 1853, Lac Saint Anne (Alberta), Susanne Boucher, Metis, b-1830 Devil Lake (Lac Ste Anne, Alberta) daughter Joseph Boucher and Marguerite Dupuis, Metis b-1802. 

John Lee Lewas re-established Fort Waterloo at the east end of Lesser Slave Lake having been destroyed by the NWC.  

Jean Baptiste L'Hirondelle,  Metis b-1817 Lesser Slave Lake son  Jacques L'Hirondelle Metis NWC since 1804 and Josette Pilon, Metris or Indian from Athabasca:  Jean joined HBC (1841-1855) on a part time basis

Francois Macredi b-1798/1799, Maskinoge, Quebec employed NWC/HBC (1817-1852) in the Athabasca and Mackenzie River Districts out of Fort Chipewyan and Fort Resolution.  He retired to Red River 1852..  

(II)-Roderick McKenzie Jr. (1791-1830), employed HBC (1811-1830) son Roderick MacKenzie Sr. (1772-1859) employed NWC (1804-1821), HBC (1821-1852); married about 1817, likely Fort Wedderborn aka Fort Chipewyan, Athabasca Department, (II)-Sally Sutherland, Metis daughter of (I)-James Sutherland (1778-1844) and Indian Woman.  (II)-Roderick was in the Athabasca Department (1813-1818)

Athabaska, birth (II)-Mary McKenzie, Metis daughter (I)-John George McTavish employed NWC (1798-1821) and his 2nd wife (II)-Nancy McKenzie, Metis daughter Roderick MacKenzie (1772-1859) and an Indian woman. 

(II)-William Sinclair, Metis. (1794-1868) who joined HBC in 1810 is posted Fort Waterloo, Lesser Slave Lake (Alberta).  He was the son (I)-William Sinclair of Scotland and Margaret Nahoway Cree. 

Between 1817-1820 a large number of Metis and Indian settlers of Lesser Slave Lake relocated to Lac La Biche (Alberta). 

The North West Company built a trading post at Dog Rump Creek, that flows from Dog Lake in what is called Stony Plain by 1892. Dog Rump Creek House was built on the North Saskatchewan River at the mouth of the Atimoswe Creek.   The term Stony Plain was an area west of the future city of Edmonton named after the Stony Indians who resided in the area since the early 1700's.  The H.B.C. built a adjoining post this same year and both were abandoned 1822.

In the final stage of open war between the two fur trading companies on Lake Athabasca, Fort Wedderburn fell. The North West Company held John Clarke hostage.

October 15:  John Lee Lewas wintered Red Deers Lake (Lac La Biche, Alberta).

1818

Francois Benoit b-1795 employed (NWC 1818-1821); HBC (1825-1828) Athanasca District.

Edouard Berland, Metis, b-1819 son Jean Baptiste Berland and Susanne McLeod Nepissing; married 1836 Lac Ste Anne Genevieve Moignon

(I)-James Bird aka James Curtis (1773-1856) employed HBC (1788-1824) is posted Cumberland House as Chief of  Saskatchewan District (1818-1820).

Carlton House, North Saskatchewan River, birth (II)-Phillip Bird, Metis son (I)-James Bird (1773-1856) and Elizabeth Oo-menahomiski; He traveled to Oregon territory, 1854 married Mary Fidler

Fort Edmonton, birth (II)-James Gibson, Metis, died April 19, 1838, son (I)-Hugh Gibson (1780-1869) employed HBC (1797-1824) and Indian woman.

Edouard Gibeault b-1798 employed HBC in the Saskatchewan District all hi career.

Francois Lucier Jr (1796-1866) listed as a sauvage of the country, employed NWC (1818-1821) at Fort des Prairies and HBC 1821-1867 on the Saskatchewan River. 

(I)-Murdoch McPherson (1795-1863) employed NWC (1816-1821) is assigned to Athabaska (1818-1821).  When NWC was taken over by HBC he served (1821-1849) mostly in Mackenzie River.  In (1841-1844) he was Chief trader Tadoussac.  He married Jean Smith, b-1805 a Metis, daughter Edward Smith and had four children (II)-Hannah McPherson, Metis, d-1846, (II)-Joseph Edward McPherson, Metis,  (1826-1874 (II)-Alexander McPherson, Metis, and (II)-Murdo McPherson, Metis, 

Colin Robertson became factor at Fort Wedderburn.

(I)-Robert Seaborn Miles Sr. (1795-1870) is assigned to Athabasca District (1818-1821) at forts Wedderburn, and St Mary's.  

Julie Parisien, Metis, b-1818 Fort Edmonton (Alberta), daughter, Jean Baptiste Parisier (Parisien) and Susanne a Stony; married Antoine Houle.

Michel Normand, Metis b-1818 Saskatchewan, baptized 1821 Red River son Michel Normand b-1781 and Francoise Belanger b-1790; married to Rose Laplante b-1825 Red River, living St. Albert, Alberta 1901.

Fort Augustus (Edmonton), birth (III)-Nancy Small, Metis daughter (II)-Patrick Small, Metis (1789-1846) and Nancy Hughes Metis

(II)-James Whitman Jr Metis b-1796 is at Carlton House (1818-1819) on the North Saskatchewan River.

H.B.C. built St. Mary's House near the confluence of the Smoky and Peace Rivers.  It was moved to the north side of the river in 1819 and relocated in 1820 opposite the present town of Peace River and abandoned in 1821.

February 16: Lac La Pluie, birth (II)-John Cunningham, Metis, son (I)-Patrick Cunningham (1789/94-1831) Ireland, employed HBC (1812-1831) and (II)-Mary (Anne) Bruce, Metis (1794-1859) 

April: Athabasca Department, birth (III)-Annabella (Arabella), Metis, baptized August 12, 1821 daughter (II)-Roderick McKenzie Jr. (1791-1830), and (II)-Sally Sutherland, Metis daughter of (I)-James Sutherland (1778-1844) and Indian Woman. 

1819

Hypolite Brissette b-1792 Montreal, employed HBC (1818-1837) at Great Slave Lake 1819 and Athabasca 1820.

Antoine Cataphaar (1795-1840) employed HBC (1817-1840) assigned out of Montreal to Athabasca District.

Bella Gauthier, Metis b-1819 N.W.T., living Spruce Grove, Alberta 1901.

Birth Fort Edmonton Joseph Ladouceur Jr. Metis, son Joseph Ladouceur b-1780 and Indian woman.

Edith Lloyd b-1819 N.W.T., census 1891 Edmonton.

(I)-Robert McVicar (1794-1864) employed HBC (1812-1830) assigned to Fort Resolution (1819-1823)

Andrew Mowa, Metis b-1819 N.W.T. married about 1860 N.W.T. Isabel Metis b-1833 N.W.T, living Fort Edmonton 1891.

(II)-Cornelious Pruden, Metis born 1819 Carlton House on the Saskatchewan River son (I)-Jean Peter Pruden (1778-1868) and Nancy Cree Indian Woman (1785-1837).

Antoine Savard, Metis b-1819 Alberta, married about 1867 Alberta, Marguerite Metis b-1820 Athabasca. living Alberta 1868, Athabasca 1877, Egg Lake, Alberta 1901.

Josephte (Suzette) Savard, b-1819, Lesser Slave Lake (Alberta) daughter Antoine Savard and Marie Vallee.

 Doctor William Todd of the Hudson's Bay Company arrived at Fort Wedderburn and became the first physican to practice in Alberta.

Hudson Bay Company records indicate seven North West Company posts on the North Saskatchewan River and three Hudson Bay Company posts, namely, Hudson House, near the forks of the north and south Saskatchewan Rivers, Fort George, to the West, and Fort Augustus in Edmonton.  Also recorded at this time are five North West Company posts in British Columbia and four North West Company posts north of Slave Lake.  There is no Hudson Bay Company post in these regions.

Fort Resolution HBC is established at the mouth of the Slave River south of Fort Fitzerald aka Smith Landing named after Donald Smith which is 25 km from Fort Smith and 200 km north Chipewyan.

A measles epidemic hit the Edmonton (Alberta) area this year and next year and wiped out a third of the Blackfoot and Gros-Ventre peoples.

It is believed the Old Fort Augustus and New Edmonton house is occupied this year.  It is known that Fort Edmonton was rebuilt this year by the H.B.C. the HBC being absence from this area since the Indian rebellion of 1807.

Three years of currency inflation caused by the federally chartered Second Bank of the United States caused the economy to fall apart.

The Freeman (Metis) of French and Iroquois origin numbered 23 men, 16 women and 58 children are settled at Lesser Slave Lake (Alberta).

December:  Colin Robertson at Fort St. Mary recorded that Tete Jaune alias Pierre Bostonais d-1827 had provided him with a map of that country across the Rocky Mountains.

December 25:  Fort des Prairies (Edmonton, Alberta), birth Josette (Latour) Montour, married Antoine Bruse, born July 18, 1810 N.W. son Pierre Bruce and Marguerite Durocher.

1820

Victor Poisson Blanc Attekamek, Metis b-1820 Fort Edmonton (Alberta), son of a man named Poisson Blanc, a Canadian and Assonikekun, a Metis; married October 5, 1863, St. Albert, Catherine Durand aka Dumont, Metis, b-1823 Mountain Fort, daughter, Paul Niyawekanis Durand, Metis b-1796, Rocky Mountain House (Alberta) and Marie Ahskekahmuahtaht.

Jean Baptiste Belcourt Sr., b-1820 (Alberta), son Joseph Belcourt, d-1863 and Catherine L'Hyrondelle, b-1793, Lesser Slave Lake (Alberta); married, 1836, Lac Ste Anne, (Alberta), Cecile Calliho, L'Iroquoise, b-1834, Peace River (Alberta), daughter, Louis Kwarakwentha Callihoo L'Iroquoise, born October 17, 1872, Quebec and Marie Tekanise Patenaude (1803-1854).

(II)-James Bird Jr. (1783-1892) of H.B.C. built White Mud Post on the North Saskatchewan River at the mouth of the White Mud River.  This may have been Wabamun Creek.  It was abandoned in 1821..

Pierre Bostonais, d-1827 a yellow haired Iroquois Metis guided a H.B.C. party over the Rocky Mountains and returned the end of October the same year.  His brother Jean Baptiste Bostonais also a Iroquois Metis joined his brother in guiding.  Pierre was nicknamed "Tete Jaune" meaning Yellowhead because of his light-colored hair.  The mountain pass that has been in use for about 30 years was named Yellowhead Pass.

Jean Marie Boucher (Bouche), Metis (1797-1870) employed NWC (1820-1821), Athabasca, employed HBC (1821-1836) likely son Jean Marie Boucher (Bouche) employed NWC (1785-1786) Athabasca.

Augustin Bradant, Metis, married 1820, Fort Edmonton (Alberta), Angelique Lucier, Metis, b-1800, daughter Joseph Wa Wa Lucier and Snake Woman.  Angelique epouse Joseph Salos 1828.

August 28: Ile-a-la-Corosse, birth (II)-Edward Cunningham, Metis, son (I)-Patrick Cunningham (1789/94-1831) Ireland, employed HBC (1812-1831) and (II)-Mary (Anne) Bruce, Metis (1794-1859) 

Jean Baptiste Derosier b-1797 Riviere du Loop, Quebec employed HBC (1820-1842) in Athabasca, Mackenzie River son Jean Baptiste Derosier and Susanne Belgrade; retired to Red River in 1842 and married Marie Vandal, b-1826

(I)-William Fleet (1762-1823) employed HBC (1782-1823) assigned Action House, Saskatchewan River (1820-1821)

Captain John Franklin stopped in Fort Chipewyan for four months on his way to the Arctic.

(I)-George Simpson (1787-1860), age 33 and later Governor of the Hudson's Bay company, replaced Colin Robertson at Fort Wedderburn.

During the season of 1820-1821 the Hudson Bay Company only had three stations on the Saskatchewan River; Edmonton, Carlton and Cumberland.  The North West Company had Augustus (Edmonton), Rocky Mountain House, and Cumberland.  Please remember Jasper House is not on the Saskatchewan River.

Jasper House, marriage, Antoine Cardinal, Metis, b-1795 son Joseph Cardinal, soldat, b-1756, Quebec, died, 1854, Lac La Biche  (Alberta) and Rose Cree b-1794/95 or Lizette Maskegan; married Marie (Godin) Demontigny Comptois b-1795, daughter man named Comptois and Suzette Godin; Marie epouse, 1815 B.C., Peter Hodgen.

Jasper House, birth Michel Cardinal, Metis, b-1820 son Antoine Cardinal, Metis, b-1795 and Marie (Godin) Demontigny Comptois b-1795, Marie epouse 1815 B.C. Peter Hogden; married Marie Waniyandre daughter Louise Ignace Waniyandre.

Antoine alias Wabamun Desjarlais, Metis, b-1820, Lesser Slave Lake (Alberta) son Antoine Desjarlais and Napitch Cree; married 1850, Lac Ste Anne (Alberta) Marie Julie or Catherine Kakatow Cree, b-1834, Pidgeon Lake (Alberta) died 1877 Lac Ste Anne (Alberta).

Francois Dumont, Metis b-1820 Alberta married Nancy Metis b-1835 Alberta living Duhamel, Alberta 1901.

(I)-Thomas Firth b-1796/99 employed HBC (1815-1834) assigned Edmonton House (1820-1821) and Saskatchewan District (1821-1834), he married Elizabeth a native woman while working the Saskatchewan, likely 1830.  They retired Red River.  

 Fort Edmonton, birth (II)-David Gibson, Metis, died February 5, 1833, son (I)-Hugh Gibson (1780-1869) employed HBC (1797-1824) and Indian woman.

Charles Glaudo, Metis reported Thomas Gray, Metis died at White Fish Lake and they were bad of the measles. 

Antoine Godin, Metis also born Fort Edmonton is the son of Godin and Josephine Cree Woman.

Piyetuwaham Godin, Metis, b-1820, Beaver Hills (Alberta), died October 1870 son Godin a French Canadian and a native woman; married Sophie a Metis.

Jasper House, birth, Isabelkle Karaconti, Metis, b-1820 Jasper House, died 1888 Jasper House daughter Ignace Karacont L'Iroquoise, (1880-1890) and Anne of the Sekanaise tribe (Montiagnais nation) Sekana; married Jean Baptiste Waniyande, Metis, died 1876, son Louis Ignace Waniyande Sr., and Marie Walker:  

Louise Ladouceur, b-1820, Lac La Biche (Alberta), married September 14, 1842, Fort des Prairie (Fort Edmonton, Alberta), Joseph Nabestiwayan Beaudry son Joseph Beaudry dit Gaudry and Suzanne Latour.

Birth, Fort Edmonton Augustin Ladouceur, Metis, son Joseph Ladouceur b-1780 and Indian woman.

Alexis L'Hyrondelle, Metis b-1820, most likely Lesser Slave Lake (Alberta) son Jacques L'Hyrondelle (L'Hirondelle) Metis and Josephine Pilon, Metis or Indian; married Josephte Amyotte

(I)-John McDonell (1782-1834) of NWC is posted (1820-1821) St. John's, Athabasca.  A wife Mary native is listed as "a woman supported" in 1823, returned to her family in Norway House, 1835 and one Metis boy under 7 years in 1824-1825.

(I)-John Park (1768/71-1847) married 1820, Country style, likely Fort Edmonton, Margaret Metisse, b-1796, died February 19, 1853, Red River, churched June 5, 1823 Red River..  One child was born Fort Edmonton (II)-Margaret Park, Metis, b-1821, the other 5 children born Red River.

Mary Le Roc Metis b-1820, Alberta living Wetaskiwan, Alberta 1901.

Jean Baptiste Moreau, Metis b-1820, Fort Edmonton (Alberta) daughter  Jean Baptiste Moreau French Canadian and Charlotte Lafeville aka (LaFeuille - Gariepy - Vallie - Vallee etc.) Metis. 

Simon Plamondon (1792/1802-1900) is employed NWC (1820-1821) then HBC (1821-1823) in Athabasca District, assigned Western Caledonia (1823-1827).

(II)-Arthur Pruden, Metis born 1819 Carlton House on the Saskatchewan River son (I)-Jean Peter Pruden (1778-1868) and Nancy Cree Indian Woman (1785-1837).

Lea Suzanne, Metis b-1820 N.W.T., living Edmonton 1901.  

Angelique Vallee, Metis, is born Fort Edmonton (Alberta) daughter, Autoine Vallee and Suzanne Lefebvre; married, 1835, Fort Edmonton, (Alberta) Louis Leblanc.

December 20:  Great Slave Lake, birth Pierre Laferte died after 1901, married Marianne Genereuse.

1821  

Jean Baptiste Bourassa, b-1821, Fort Edmonton (Alberta), died October 19, 1882 son Michel Francois Bourassa and Marguerite Beaulieu; married, 1842, Red River Madeline Pelletier, Metis, b-1826, Red River, daughter, Joseph Pelletier, Metis, b-1787 and Genevieve Hallet, Metis, b-1800 Fort Pelly (Saskatchewan), died 1890 Fort Ellice, Manitoba.

Olivier Bouchard aka Oliver or Jean Baptiste, likely employed with NWC (1816-1821), came from Montreal as Company boatman in 1818 and listed as Canadian Servant, employed HBC (1821-1842)

Paul Boucher, Metis, b-1821, son Paul Boucher Sr., Metis, and Francoise St. Germain, Metis; married Louise Marcellais, Metis, b-1825 Assiniboia des Metis Settlement daughter Jean Baptiste Sr, Metis, b-1767 and Angelique Assiniboine (Native), b-1785 or Marie Wilkie, Metis, b-1810.  The reference to Assiniboia Settlement could reference Red River, White Horse Plains, Wood Mountain or even as far west as Medicine Hat.

Peter Brass Sr. Metis, b-1794, Hudson Bay, is at Edmonton house (1821-1822) and Chesterfield House, Bow River (1822-1823).  He married Susan Roy  or Comtois in Swan River or at Edmonton House and had Seven Children:
        Mary Brass Metis daughter b-1821 Edmonton House, 
        Peter Brass Metis b-1824 Fort Pelly, Swan River, 
        Sarah Brass Metis b-1825 Fort Pelly, Swan River, 
        Elizabeth Brass, Metis b-1836 Fort Pelly, Swan River.  
        William Brass Metis
        Therese Brass Metis
        Thomas Brass Metis  

Colin Campbell (1787-1853) from Ontario, employed NWC (1804-1821) and HBC (1821-1853) mostly Athabasca Department Forts Vermilion, Chipewyan, and Dunvegan; married Elizabeth McGillivray daughter of Honorable John McGillivray.

Marie Cartier, Metis, born June 21, 1821, Lesser Slave Lake (Alberta) daughter Cartier a Whiteman and La8i8le Gladu a Metis; married, 1835, Lesser Slave Lake (Alberta) Pierre Chalifoux, born March 20, 1806, Lac Poisson Blanc son Charles Chalifoux and Suzette Chalifoux, Metis.

Etienne dit Gilbert Comptois b-1780 Quebec, employed HBC out of Fort Dauphim, working Athabasca, Fort Chipewyan and McKenzie River District (1821-1825).

Susan DeGuine, Metis b-1821, Alberta living Lakeland eastern Alberta 1891.

J. L. Descharme b-1821 Red River, married, Julia, b-1851 Red River, living Calgary, (Southern Alberta) 1891.

Joseph Frederick Despard of Yamaska, Lower Canada, employed HBC (1821-1842) likely assigned English River? (1821-1823). 

Toussant Faille dit Faye (1795-1875) employed HBC posted Athabasca (1821-1824), McKenzie River (1824-26) and again (1828-1833)

(I)-Duncan Finlayson (1795-1862) employed HBC (1815-1859) is assigned to Edmonton House (1821-1824.

(I)-William Fleet (1762-1823) employed HBC (1782-1823) assigned Rocky Mountain House, Saskatchewan River (1821-1822)

Jean Baptiste Francour b-1797 Yamaska, Quebec, employed HBC (1821-1832) assigned Saskatchewan (1821-1822).

(I)-Edouard Gilbault b-1798 employed HBC (1820-1853) assigned mostly at Fort Carlton, Saskatchewan District, married Marie Anne Rocque, Metis b-1827, daughter Joseph Rocque and Indian woman

Francois Hoole, Metis, b-1798 Red River, employed NWC (1819-1821) and HBC (1821-1885) Athabasca and Mackenzie River Districts. Assigned (1821-1829) Fort Vermillion

Joseph Ladouceur b-1780 Quebec, employed HBC (1821-183) out of Fort Edmonton, then retired to Red River. 

(I)-Donald McKenzie (1783-1851) of the HBC married a half breed woman, likely Mary McKay daughter Alexander McKay.  He was in transition from the Columbia District to the Saskatchewan District, likely married Fort Edmonton or even Red River as he came in charge of that district in 1823. 

May:  (II)-Nicholas Montour Jr. son (I)-Nicholas Montour Sr. d-1808 a shareholder in the NWC, (II)-Nicolas joined HBC Saskatchewan District (1821-1823) but classified as an indolent, an expensive Trader, fond of liquor; will be discharged in 1823.

Joseph Beaudry (Beaudrie), a.k.a. Old Goudrie, a former North West Company man, is working Fort Edmonton as a canoe middleman until 1823.  His wife is named Karorwaste.

(II)-Margaret Park, Metis born 1821, Fort Edmonton daughter (I)-John Park (1768/71-1847) and Margaret Metisse, b-1796, died February 19, 1853, Red River.

Fort Augustus (Edmonton), birth (III)-Charlotte Small, Metis daughter (II)-Patrick Small Jr., Metis (1789-1846) and Nancy Hughes Metis

Chesterfield House on the confluence of the Red Deer and south branch of the Saskatchewan Rivers built by John MacDonald of Garth Scotland for the North West Fur Company of Montreal, and soon abandoned was rebuilt this year.

Jasper House (Alberta), birth Jean Baptiste Waniyande, Metis, died 1876, son Louis Ignace Waniyande Sr., and Marie Walker:  married Isabelkle Karaconti, Metis, b-1820 Jasper House (Alberta), died 1888 Jasper House (Alberta) daughter Ignace Karacont L'Iroquoise, (1780-1890) and Anne of the Sekanaise tribe (Montiagnais nation) Sekana.

The North West Company and  the Hudson Bay Company merge.  John Rowand (1787-1854) of the North West Company became a Chief Trader in the new Hudson Bay Company at Rocky Mountain House, aka Poste de la Montagne de Roches, which retained the North West Company name. But Fort Augustus would become Fort Edmonton after the Hudson Bay Company name.

The H.B.C. built Salt River House on the mouth of the Salt River and the Slave River.  Francois Beaulieu, Metis (1771-1871+) who was born on the Salt River likely worked for this trading post about this time or later.

March 26:  The bitter rivalry in the fur trade ended when the North West Company was absorbed by the Hudson's Bay Company. The North West Company had 97 posts and the Hudson's Bay Company had 76. Fort Wedderburn was abandoned in favor of Fort Chipewyan.

December 24:  Jasper House (Alberta), birth, Noel Courtepatte son man named Courtrpatte and Jane Bruyere; married, 1848, Lac Ste Anne, (Alberta), Nancy Campion, Metis, b-1832 Lesser Slave Lake (Alberta) daughter Joseph Sapin dit Campion, b-1797 and Marie Nepissing, b-1810 (daughter Ignace commandant Nepissing and Elisabeth Lizette Courteoreville).

1822

Hypolite Brissette b-1792 Montreal, employed HBC (1818-1837) is on the Bow River 1822

Josephte Kwarkwentha Callihoo L'Iroquoise, b-1822, Lesser Slave Lake (Alberta) daughter Louis Kwarkwentha Callihoo L'Iroquoise, b-1782, Montreal and Josephte Patenaude, b-1820 (must be a second wife?); married 1836 Charles Beauregard, d-1885.

Jacques Cardinal Sr. aka Cardinalle & Cardinel b-1772, employed HBC at Lesser Slave Lake (1822-1826)  he took time off in 1824 likely to establish himself at Red River, maybe to marry? where he settled in 1830.  Red River census 1831 lists wife and one son under 16 and had a daughter b-1832.

Susanne Desjarlais, b-1822, Big Lake aka St. Albert, daughter Joseph Desjarlais (1782-1794?)

Dominique Farron aka Frarron b-1798 employed HBC (1815-1840) assigned Bow River (1822-1824)

(I)-William Fleet (1762-1823) employed HBC (1782-1823) assigned Edmonton House, Saskatchewan River (1822-1823) then retired to Red River.

Jean Baptiste Francour b-1797 Yamaska, Quebec, employed HBC (1821-1832) assigned Athabasca (1822-1824).

(II)-Richard Grant (1793-1862) employed HBC (1816-1850) son William Grant and Margaret Laframboise is assigned Edmonton House (1822-1823)

Amable Hogue, Metis (1796-1858) born opposite La Riviere des Prairies, Saskatchewan District, employed HBC (1821-1834) is on the Bow River (1822-1823)

The first York boats used on the Athabasca were built in Fort Chipewyan.

Marie Anne Karaconti L'Iroquoise, b-1822, Rocky Mountain House (Alberta) daughter  Louis Kwarakwentha Callihoo L'Iroquoise, b-1782 Quebec and Marie Katis of the Sekanaise tribe of the Montagnais Nation; married 1848 Lac Ste Anne (Alberta), Simon Wanut.

(I)-Donald Manson (1798-1880) is among the party sent on the South Branch Expedition of the Saskatchewan (1822-1824).

Colin Robertson is temporary Chief Factor at Edmonton, House and unhappy with his assignment..

(I)-Donald McKenzie (1783-185) and John Rowand (1787-1854) rebuilt Chesterfield House for the Hudson Bay Company and again abandoned it in 1823.  

(I)-Donald McKenzie (1783-1851) Chief Factor in charge sent a big party of men to the Bow River.  All attempts to secure the Bow River, the place of bow making, failed.  The Blackfoot Confederation rejected the intrusion of their homeland by refusing to trade.  John Rowland (Rowand) (1787-1854) then sent (II)-James (Jimmy Jock) Bird, Metis (1785-1892) into the southern district to learn the Blackfoot language and, hopefully, win the Blackfoot, Blood and Piegan as trade customers for the company.  (II)-Jimmy Jock, a Metis, learned the language, married a Sarah a Piegan woman and was adopted into the tribe.  He became, for all practical purposes, an Indian, then a Piegan Chief traveling into Montana and North Dakota.  He could speak English, French, Cree, Blackfoot and Assiniboine.  The H.B.C. at Fort Edmonton was bewildered as Chief (II)-Jimmy Jock, Metis (1785-1892)  played the H.B.C. against the American Fur Companies for the best terms.  The Americans were so angry at the lack of loyalty that it was said a $500.00 reward was offered for his termination.  It should be noted that between (1821-1833) (II)-James (Jimmy Jock) Bird (1785-1892) was a free trader.  It is also noteworthy that there appears to be two Rowand/Rowland's in Early Alberta. 

Antoine Morin (1797-1857) born Maskinonge, Quebec joined NWC (1820-1821) then NWC (1821-1857) and was assigned to Athabasca (1822-1939) 

(III)-Antoine Munroe, Metis, b-1822, Alberta, son (II)-Hugh Munroe, b-1784 and Sranopa Otokan Blackfoot; married 1855 Lac Ste Anne (Devil Lake, Alberta), Anne Genevieve Campion, Metis, b-1835 Lesser Slave Lake, daughter Joseph Sapin dit Campion, b-1797 and Marie Nipissing, b-1810..

Hugh Munro (1802-1896) employed Bow River (1822-1823)

The first Negro in Alberta was a great curiosity to the natives and the favorite of native women.

Louis Vallee, b-1822, son Antoine Vallee and Susanne Lefebvre; married January 15, 1844, Fort des Prairies, (Edmonton,Alberta), Louise Durand, died July 4, 1871 daughter Paul Niyawekanis Durandb-1796, Rocky Mountain House, aka Poste de la Montagne de Roches; married 1816 Fort Edmonton, (Alberta) Marie Ahskekahmuhtaht. 

October 7:  Fort Edmonton Joseph Lafournaise aka Lacarte dit Laboucan (Luboucan ) b-1777-1780 Quebec, a voyager, and free trader arrived Fort Edmonton. 

November 2:  Lesser Slave Lake (Alberta), birth, Angelique L'Hyrondelle, Metis daughter Jacques L'Hyrondelle (L'Hirondelle) Metis and Josephine Pilon, Metis or Indian;  married 1843, Lac Ste Anne (Alberta), Oliver Laderoute, b-1806, Montreal, Quebec, died March 23, 1876 St. Albert (Alberta) son Seguin Laderoute and a French Canadian: Oliver 1st married 1835 Cumberland House (Saskatchewan) Angelique dit Bradent Maskegan.

November 20: Ile-a-la-Corosse, birth (II)-James Cunningham, Metis, son (I)-Patrick Cunningham (1789/94-1831) Ireland, employed HBC (1812-1831) and (II)-Mary (Anne) Bruce, Metis (1794-1859) 

December, Manson, Munro, Douglas and the balance of the Bow River Expedition returned to Edmonton House, all reduced to skeletons.  The expedition was a total failure.

1823

John Bussette, b-1823, in the Rocky Mountains west of Calgary, Alberta.

Jean Baptiste Charbonneau (1790/95-1882) employed HBC (1815-1833) assigned Athabasca (1821-1827), residence listed Fort Chipewyan where he acquired an Indian wife and had one Metis daughter.  He acquired land Red River 1830 and settled there as a freeman 1833.  By 1835 he had a wife, two sons and two daughters and by 1843 had two sons, four daughters. 

Charlotte (Katrine) Gladu, Metis, b-1823, Lesser Slave Lake (Alberta) daughter Francois Gladu, Metis and Marie Onahogeesigo; married 1845, Lesser Slave Lake (Alberta), Pierre Montagnais a Chippewyan.

William Gonon, Orkney Island b-1823 married to Sara Metis b-1833 Red River living Alberta 1868, living Lakeland, eastern Alberta 1891.

(I)-Donald Manson (1798-1880) is among the party sent on the Bow River Expedition (1823-1824).

Alexander Roderick McLeod (1782-1840) employed NWC/HBC (1802-1824) Athabasca Department.is posted Fort Good Hope, on the east bank of the Mackenzie River.  It is the oldest fur-trading post in the lower Mackenzie Valley.

J.M. McLeod of HBC entered the Nahanni Valley to determine the fur potential and concluded they were not good.

Pierre Chrysologue Pambruin, born December 19, 1792, Quebec married 1823,  Lesser Slave Lake; married 1854 Lac La Biche (Alberta) Catherine (Kittt) Humphreyville, Metis, b-1805 daughter Thomas Hunphreyville Sr., and 1st married 1804 Ann a Native, 2nd marriage 1814 NWT Hannak (Anna) Turner. See (Metis 1820)?

Pierre Cyrysologue Pambrun (1792-1841) employed HBC (1815-1841) is posted Smoky River, Lesser Slave Lake (1823-1824), Fort Kilmaurs (1824-1825), Babine post, New Caledonia (1825-1830), Stewart Lake, New Caledonia 

Charlotte (Katrine) Gladu, Metis, b-1823, Lesser Slave Lake (Alberta), daughter Francois Gladu, Metis and Marie Onahugeesigo, Metis; married 1845, Lesser Slave Lake (Alberta), Pierre Montagnais a Chippewyn.

Hugh Munro (1802-1896) is free trading (Alberta) (1823-1832)

Edmonton House, birth Pierre Chrysologue Pambrun, Metis son Pierre Cyrysologue Pambrun (1792-1841) and  Catherine (Kitty) Umfreville, Metis.  Part of the Bow River expedition of (1822-1823).  Other children listed are: Thomas Pambrum, Metis,  John Pambrum, Metis, Alexander Pambrum, Metis, Maria Pambrum, Metis, Ada Pambrum, Metis, Harriet Pambrum, Metis, & Sarah Pambrum, Metis.  

(II)-James P. Pruden, Metis born (1813-1902) Carlton House on the Saskatchewan River son (I)-Jean Peter Pruden (1778-1868) and Nancy Cree Indian Woman (1785-1837); married March 5, 1839 likely Assiniboia region, Nancy Smith; 2nd marriage about 1859 Fort Halkett, MacKenzie River, or likely Beaver Lake region, Genevieve Desjarlais, Metis b-1827 Alberta. .James was employed HBC (1842-1872)

Abraham Salois, Metis b-1823 Alberta married about 1873 likely Duhamel, Alberta Susanna Metis b-1814, Alberta

Fort Edmonton, marriage (I)-James Whiteway (1778-1838) employed HBC (1798-1823) married 1st Mary Park, Indian died before 1823; 2nd marriage February 20, 1826 likely Fort Edmonton (II)-Ann Monkman, Metis, (1807-1839) daughter (I)-James Monkman (1775-1865) and Mary Swampy Cree

Fort Edmonton, baptism (II)-John Whiteway Metis son (I)-James Whiteway (1778-1838) employed HBC (1798-1823) and Mary Park, Indian died before 1823

The Beaver under command of Pouce Coupe (Cut thumb) attacked the Fort commanded by James Hughes, d-1823, killing him and his men and burned the for for failure to trade.  Jean Baptiste Lefleur and another French employee returned from hunting to discover the remains.  The Beaver provided these two survivors with a canoe and dried meat and saw they safely down to Fort Dunvegan.  About this time the Sickannies, a branch of the Beaver, destroyed Fort Nelson 300 miles to the N.W., killing Alexander Henry, and all his men.

Having failed at Chesterfield house, John Rowand (1787-1854) is assigned Chief Factor to the well-established Fort Augustus; that was renamed Fort Edmonton.  He arrived this year with his Indian wife, Louis Umphreville, and Metis children.  Fort Augustus, at this time, was producing York boats and bags of pemmican for the fur trade.  They traded with the Assiniboine, Cree, Blackfoot, Sarcee, Gros-Ventre, Piegan and Blood.  Christmas dinner at Fort Edmonton usually featured unborn bison (buffalo), removed from the cow and boiled whole.  The Parkland Assiniboine, Cree and Metis, near Fort Edmonton, numbered 20 tents, and the Strong Wood Assiniboine numbered 40 tents.  This is interesting in that Metis are not usually noted separate from the Indians, although they often traveled with them.

The H.B.C. built Fort Assiniboine (Barrhead, Alberta) at the confluence of the Freeman and Athabasca Rivers, about 150 km nortrhwest of Fort Edmonton..  .

January 11:  The balance of the Bow River Expedition, including Harriott, arrived Edmonton House in a sorry state.  

August 8:  Fort Edmonton, Joseph Lafournaise aka Lacarte dit Laboucan (Luboucan ) b-1777-1780 Quebec, a voyager, free trader and others arrived with some furs and they left their families at sandy Lake above this place (further up the Saskatchewan) 

October 1:  Lesser Slave Lake (Alberta), birth, Michel Callio, Metis, died April 6, 1911, son Louis Kwarakwentha Callihoo L'Iroquoise, b-1782, Chaughawaga, Montreal and Mare Tekanise Patenaude, Metis, of the Sekanaise tribe of the Montagnais nation, (1803-1854); married April 20, 1846, Fort Edmonton (Alberta), Marie Savard (1828-1869), daughter Antoine Savard and Marianne Vallee.

November 6:  Dog Rump Creek area Fort Augustus (Edmonton), death (III)-unnamed Small, Metis son (II)- Patrick Small Jr., Metis (1789-1846) and Nancy Hughes, Metis

November 15:  Saskatchewan Valley, birth Elizabeth Betsey Fisher, daughter Henry Fisher, b-1800 and Marguerite Laframboise; married, Louis Bousequet, b-1823 son Louis Bousequet and Marie Vallee.

November 28:  Alberta, birth, Joseph Belcourt son Joseph Belcourt d-1863 and Catherine L'Hyrondelle, b-1793, Lesser Slave Lake (Alberta); married, February 23, 1846, Fort des Prairies (Edmonton, Alberta), Madeleine Sapin dit Campion daughter Joseph Sapin dit Campion, b-1797 and Marie Nepissing, b-1810.

1824  

Louis (Bloss) Belhumeur aka Belhumeure dit Bellehumeur (1799-1821) employed NWC Lac La Pluie (1817-1821), HBC (1821-1827) being transferred to Athabasca (1824-1827)

Antoine Blandion 1st married 1835 Big Lake (St. Albert, Alberta) Catherine Berland; 2nd marriage 1939, Lac Ste Anne (Alberta) Marie Desjarlais, b-1824, Lac La Biche (Alberta).  

Francois Boucher Jr. b-1824 married most likely McKenzie River 1868/69 Elizabeth Native.

Hypolite Brissette b-1792 Montreal, employed HBC (1818-1837) is at Lesser Slave Lake (1824-1827)

James Cardinal, Metis cut a horse trail for the HBC that passed Lac La Nonne, to posts along the Athabasca River.  They also transported fish from Lac La Nonne harvested by the Metis to these same posts.  Some refered to this route as the Fort Assiniboine Trail and used it until 1855.  In 1897-1898 it became the Klondike Trail. 

Dominique Farron aka Frarron b-1798 employed HBC (1815-1840) assigned Saskatchewan District (1824-1825)

(II)-Thomas Hodgson, Metis (1789/1790-1865) employed HBC and NWC  then back with HBC (1821-1865) is assigned to Athabasca and Green Lake, English River (1824-1853) 

(I)-Donald Manson (1798-1880) is among the party sent on the Rocky Mountain Expedition (1824-1825).  He spent the remainder of his employment (1825-1858) in Columbia District and New Caledomia.

Francois Payasis Desjarlais, b-1824 Beaver River, son Joseph Desjarlais and Josephte Suzette Cardinal, b-1800, Lac La Biche des Metis; married 1844 Lac La Biche des Metis (Alberta) Euplrosine Auger Metis, b-1828 Lesser Slave Lake (Alberta) daughter Antoine Augustin Auger and Marie Nippissing.

(I)-Duncan Finlayson (1795-1862) employed HBC (1815-1859) is assigned to Fort Vermillion (1824-1825.

Jean Baptiste Francour b-1797 Yamaska, Quebec, employed HBC (1821-1832) assigned Fort Simpson, MacKenzie River  (1824-1832).

Jean Baptiste Jolibois born 1795 LaPrairie, likely Metis employed HBC (1822-1851) assigned (1822-1824) Athabasca; (1824-1831) New Caledonia

Charles Johnson, Metis b-1824 Hudson Bay married about 1869 Alberta Agathe Metis b-1846 Peace River living Alberta 1870, living Lakeland eastern Alberta 1891.

(I)-Jean Peter Pruden (1778-1868) travels to London 1824-1825 leaving wife Nancy Cree Indian Woman (1785-1837) and children at Carlton House on the Saskatchewan River.

(I)-Robert McVicar (1794-1864) employed HBC (1812-1830) assigned to Fort Resolution (1824-1827), married Christa McBeath.

John Rowand (1787-1854) entered into an agreement with Cardinal and Freeman to make a road, or horse track, from Fort Assiniboine House to Edmonton, a seventy mile portage.  This, he hoped, would ensure that the Saskatchewan would remain the major highway and would ensure the position of Fort Edmonton as the gateway to the north.

Fort Edmonton, birth (III)-Amelia Small, Metis daughter (II)-Patrick Small Jr,, Metis (1789-1846) and Nancy Hughes Metis

April 6:  Fort Edmonton Joseph Lafournaise aka Lacarte dit Laboucan (Luboucan ) b-1777-1780 Quebec, a voyager and Free trader arrived but have not made very large hunt since las year 

August 27:  Lesser Slave Lake, birth, Pierre Chrysologue Pambruin Jr.; married 1854 Lac La Biche  (Alberta) Elizabeth Quintel, b-1833 Lac La Biche des Metis (Alberta)

1825

Marie Anelia b-1825 Alberta, 1901 census says mother to Agustus Anelia b-1873 Alberta but must be grandmother.

Augustin Auger, Metis, b-1825, Lesser Slave Lake (Alberta) son Antoine Augustin Auger and Marie Nippissing; 1st married 1848, Fort Edmonton, (Alberta), Rosalie Labonne; 2nd marriage, 1861, Fort Edmonton, (Alberta), Sylvie Bruneau, b-1845, Lac La Biche (Alberta), daughter Michel Joachim Bruneau b-1806 and Marie Catherine Ladouceur, b-1810.

(I)-James Birnie (1799-1864) from Fort Covile Columbia District joined the Slave Lake Brigade, Saskatchewan District and back.(1825-1826) 

Pierre Bostonais, d-1827, aka Tete Jaune, a yellow haired Iroquois Metis guided a party over the Rocky mountains to Tete Jaune's Cache, B.C.

Jean Baptiste Letendre dit Batoche aka Okimawaskawikinam b-1762, Quebec is at Rocky Mountain House, aka Poste de la Montagne de Roches.

Eustache Bernard, b-1829, Fort Edmonton son Louis Berard, b-1796 and Catherine Hughes; 2nd married, 1854 Red River Marguerite Primeau, b-1836 Fort Alexander, NWT daughter Joseph Primeau (1785-1875) married 1824, Josephte Dion and 1st marriage 1836, Marguerite Bethsy Stevenson, Metis, b-1807 York Factory, died 1901.

Joseph Beaudry (Beaudrie) a.k.a. Old Goudrie, a former North West Company man and HBC man, is working Fort Carlton on the North Saskatchewan River, as a freeman until 1828, and ran an outfit until 1846 when he retired to Red River where he died December 29, 1863 .  His wife is named Karorwaste.

Lac La Biche des Metis (Alberta) birth Michel Cardinal, Metis, b-1825 son Antoine Cardinal, Metis, b-1795 and Marie (Godin) Demontigny Comptois b-1795, Marie epouse 1815 B.C. Peter Hogden; married 1849, White Fish Lake, Athabasca, Catherine Pakakoos, b-1828 daughter Antoine Sakapwan Kamaspwapasuy.

Pierre Cardinal dit Tiblay, Metis, b-1825, Lac La Biche des Metis (Alberta), son Joseph Cardinal, Metis, (1794-1854) and Lizette Maskegan (others suggest son Joseph Cardinal, b-1756 Wuebec and Rose Cree); married 1849 White Fish Lake, Athabasca, Catherine Pakakoos b-1828 daughter Antoine Sakapwan and Kamaspwapasuy, 2nd marriage 1882 Peace Hills, Isabelle Durand, Metis, b-1846, Fort Edmonton (Alberta) daughter Paul Niyawekanis Durand and Susanne Kewtchit..

Francois Dumont Metis, b-1825, Fort Edmonton, son Gabriel Dumont, Metis, b-195/1801 and Suzanne Lusser, Metis; married 1859 Lac Ste Anne, Nancy Gladu, Metis, b-1834, Lesser Slave Lake daughter Charles Gladu, b-1810 and Therese Gray, Metis, b-1813, Lesser Slave Lake (Alberta).

Fort Edmonton, birth (II)-Hugh Gibson, Metis, died December 15, 1831, son (I)-Hugh Gibson (1780-1869) employed HBC (1797-1824) and Indian woman.

Charles Gladu, b-1810, Devil Lake (Lac Ste Anne, Alberta) son Francois Gladu, born December 25, 1763, married, about 1797, N.W.T.,  Josephte Chartrand,  b-1773; married 1825, Devil Lake (Lac Ste Anne Alberta), Therese Gray, Metis, b-1813, Lesser Slave Lake, daughter Thomas Gray and Marie Nipissing.

Pierre L'Hyrondelle, b-1825, Lesser Slave Lake (Alberta) son Jacques L'Hyrondelle and Josephte Pilon; married 1850 Lac Ste Anne (Alberta), Marguerite Boucher, Metis, daughter Joseph Boucher and Marguerite Dupuis, Metis, b-1802.

Lesser Slave Lake (Alberta), birth, Pierre L'Hyrondelle, Metis son, Jacques L'Hyrondelle (L'Hirondelle) Metis and Josephine Pilon, Metis or Indian;  married 1850, Lac Ste Anne (Alberta), Marguerite Boucher, Metis, daughter Joseph Boucher and Marguerite Dupus, Metis, b-1802 daughter Jean Baptiste Dupus and Marie Native.

Charles Laviolette (1795-1867) is in the English River District (1825-1839) then retired to Red River.

Fort Edmonton, birth Genevieve Picard, Metis, b-1825, Fort Edmonton (Alberta) daughter Joseph Picard, died February 22, 1850 Pembina, North Dakota and Lalouise Metis; married 1842 (IV)-Joseph Cadotte, Metis, b-1813 son Laurent Cadotte, born February 8, 1766, Bastican, Quebec and Suzanne Mackegone Cree.

L. Robeson b-1825 Red River, a horseman, living Calgary, Alberta 1891.

(I)-Alexander Ross (1783-1856) wrote: "Fort Edmonton is a large compact establishment, with good buildings, palisades, and bastions, pleasantly situated in a deep valley ...Attached to this place are two large parks, fields, enclosures for raising grain, and, the soil being good, it produces large crops of barley and potatoes; but the spring and fall frosts prove injurious to wheat, which, in consequence, seldom comes to maturity" 

John Rowand (1787-1854) became Chief Factor at Fort Edmonton and a member of the council of Rupertsland a few years later.

Alfred Rabasca dit Schmidt, Metis, b-1825, Slave Lake, died 1901, son Peter Rabasca dit Schmidt and Marie Ann Cree.

Antoine Savard, b-1825, Fort Edmonton (Alberta) son Antoine Savard and Marianne Vallee; married, 1849, Marguerite Bisson, b-1831, Slave Lake, daughter Jean Baptiste Bisson and Rosalie Simon. 

Alfred (Rabasca) Schmidt, b-1825 Slave Lake District (Alberta), died April 7, 1901 Battleford District, son Pierre Schmidt dit Peter Laferte and Marie Anne3 Genereuse dit Generaux dit Genereux 

Francois Villeneuve, b-1825, married September 12, 1842, Fort des Prairies, (Edmonton,Alberta) Helene Vallee, b-1828 daughter Antoine Vallee and Susanne Lefibvre.

Louis Ignace Waniyande, b-1825, Jasper House, died March,1874, son Louis Ignace Naniyande Sr. and Marie Walker; married Lisette Courteoeille, b-1829, N.W.T.

Edmonton is producing large crops of barley and potatoes; but spring and fall frosts spoiled the wheat crop.

Francois Beaulieu, Metis (1771-1882) guided John Franklin, Dr. John Richardson and E.N. Kendall by boat from Great Bear Lake to Fort Franklin.

May 1:  (I)-Alexander Ross (1783-1856) at Fort Edmonton wrote: "Adjoining the cultivated fields is a very fine race-ground, two miles or more in length.: horse-racing being one of the chief amusements of the place during the summer season; and here we may observe that Fort des Prairies is not only celebrated for fine women, but for fine horses.  They are the best horses the country can produce.  I rode round the race-ground a chestnut sixteen hands high, and very spirited."  Horses were also used for portages and the bison (buffalo) hunts.  Not to his liking were the sled-dogs, he counted fifty-two of them, of the wolf-breed; and so savage that women and children did not dare venture out after dark. 

1826

Antoine Auger, b-1826, Lesser Slave Lake (Alberta) son Antoine Augustin Auger and Marie Madeleine Klyne, b-1808;  married 1848, Lac Ste Anne (Alberta), Louise Boucher, Metis, b-1832, Battle River Settlement (Alberta), son Joseph Boucher and Marguerite Dupis, Metis, b-1802.

John Anbichon Cardinal, Metis, b-1826, Lac La Biche (Alberta) son Jacques Cardinal, Metis, b-1798 Moose Mountain, Fort Pitt, (Saskatchewan), and Marguerite Desjarlais or Robinson; married 1856 Lac La Biche (Alberta), Cecile Labonne, Metis, b-1839, Lac Poisson Blanc, daughter Basile Labonne and Nanette Cardinal, Metis, b-1814.

Tete Jaune aka Pierre Bostonais, d-1827 a yellow haired Iroquois Metis guided is reported sick at Fort Alexander.

Jacques Cardinal Sr. aka Cardinalle & Cardinel b-1772, employed HBC assigned Saskatchewan (1826-1830)

Nancy Cardnell, Metis b-1826 Alberta, living Fort Saskatchewan, Alberta 1901.

Antoine Cataphaar (1795-1840) employed HBC (1817-1840) assigned Fort Vermilion, Athabasca District (1826-1829).

Joseph Faillant Metis b-1826 Alberta married to Marguerite Metis b-1830 Alberta, living St. Albert, Alberta 1901.

James Laframboise, Metis b-1826 N.W.T., a hunter, a daughter or second marriage to Elise Metis b-1853 N.W.T., associated children are Frank b-1883 N.W.T., John b-1884 N.W.T., Patrick b-1885 N.W.T., Susan b-1886 N.W.T., Riel b-1888 N.W.T., Marie b-1889 N.W.T.  All living Medicine Hat, Southern Alberta 1891. 

James M. L'Hirondell, Metis b-1826 N.W.T., living Calgary, Southern Alberta 1891.

John McLeod (1788-1849) departed Fort Edmonton for Kamloops, B.C.

Alexis (Bob Tail) Piche, Metis, b-1826 on the Saskatchewan River (Alberta), son Alexis Piche and Opeh-tah-she-toy-wishk; married 1849, Pidgeon Lake (Alberta), Catherine Cardinal aka Catherine Pierre, b-1828, Lac La Biche (Alberta), daughter, Pierre Eia-io-wew and Marie Catherine Cardinal, b-1800 Fort Edmonton, Alberta) 

Isabel Russell b-1826 N.W.T. living Battle River, Alberta 1891.

David Sanderson aka Little Bow, Metis, b-1831 Red Deer and Saskatchewan River area, son Attiah Piss aka Littlebow and Nancy Ann Whitford, Metis, b-1801; married 1842, Red River, Nancy Anderson, Metis, b-1826, Red River daughter John Anderson, b-1804 NWT and Marie Anne Desmarais, Metis, b-1804.

Simon Whiteford, Metis b-1826 Alberta married about 1882 Alberta Francis Metis b-1855 Alberta living Pakan, Alberta 1901 likely a son  (I)-James Whiteway (1778-1838) employed HBC (1798-1823) and (II)-Ann Monkman, Metis, (1807-1839).

After the merger of the North West Company and the Hudson Bay Company, John Rowand (1787-1854) retained his position as Chief Factor of Saskatchewan as well as the Edmonton Territories.  Rowand (1787-1854) sent William McGillivray, a Metis, and others to live with the Piegan in order to halt the advance of American traders from the south.  Governor (I)-George Simpson (1787-1860) an illegitimate Scot considered Rowand (1787-1854) the most active and best qualified, for the troublesome charge he has gotten, of any man in the Indian country.  He is warm hearted and friendly, to an extraordinary degree, to those he takes a liking to; but on the contrary his prejudices are exceedingly strong.  He has a fiery disposition, is as strong as a lion and rules with a rod of iron.  He will not tell a lie in public, and that is very uncommon in this country.  But he has sufficient address to evade the truth when it suits his person.  Others less kind considered him a bully and a tyrant.  On the positive side, he insisted that his men provide for their Metis children and even for their native women.  (I)-George Simpson (1787-1860) an illegitimate Scot is considered a bully and tyrant himself, holding Indians and Metis in contempt..

Old Bow Fort (Morley, Alberta) was established by McDonald, Monroe, Colin Fraser, John Edward, Harriet, and (II)-Jimmy Jock (James Bird) (1785-1892) the Free Trader..

February:  Joseph La Guarde aka Lagarde, Le Guarde etc, b-1790 is at Fort Vermillion

October 14:  Near Edmonton Post the plains are on fire and the Post residents speculated that it must be either done accidentally by Joseph La Doceur tenting with our hunters or by those roving scoundrels the Stone Indians who have a full power of doing such an injury out of revenge.  On October 9, some Stony Indians were severely reprimanded by the Chief Factor of Edmonton House for attempting to steal horses.

Fort Edmonton, birth (II)-David Gibson, Metis, son (I)-Hugh Gibson (1780-1869) employed HBC (1797-1824) and Indian woman.

The Hudson's Bay Company withdrew liquor from the fur trade

December 26:  Likely Fort Edmonton, or Red River, baptism (II)-James Whiteway Metis son  (I)-James Whiteway (1778-1838) employed HBC (1798-1823) and (II)-Ann Monkman, Metis, (1807-1839); married Chloe Spence .

1827  

Paul Blondin, b-1827, Slave Lake (Alberta) son Pierre Blondin, b-1792 and Marie Gray, b-1795; married 1st Marie Metis; married 2nd 1855 Esther Robillard, Metis, born October 1836 Devil's Lake (Lac Ste Anne, Alberta) daughter Jean Baptiste Robillard and Marie Rose Antoinette Lagimodiere, Metis.

Jasper House, birth Julia Judith Cardinal, Metis, b-1827 daughter Antoine Cardinal, Metis, b-1795 and Marie (Godin) Demontigny Comptois b-1795, Marie epouse 1815 B.C. Peter Hogden; married September 13, 1844 Fort Des Prairie (Fort Edmonton, Alberta), Narcisse Morrissette.

Edward Ermatinger first recorded Lac La Nane (Lac La Nonne) North West of Fort Edmonton.  Many Metis are in this area about this time fishing and freighting along the Athabasca River..

Mary Findley, b-1827, Jasper House (Alberta) married 1844 Lac Ste Anne (Alberta) Thomas Karaconti Callihoo, Metis, (1830-1874) son Louis Kwarakwentha Callihoo L'Iroquoise, b-1782 Quebec and Marie Katis of the Sekanaise tribe of the Montagnais Nation.

(I)-Colin Fraser of Sutherlandshire (1807-1867) employed (HBC 1827-1867), likely married Saskatchewan District Nancy Beaudry dit Gaudry, Metis?; recorded children (II)-Colin Fraser Jr., Metis, (II)-Simon Fraser Metis, (II)-Norquay Fraser Metis and (II)-John Fraser Metis born Rocky Mountain House (1842 or 1843).

Charles Johnson b-1827 Red River married about 1869 likely Red River Agathe Metis b-1837 Alberta living Lac La Biche, (Alberta) 1901.

Pierre L'Hyrondelle, b-1827, Lesser Slave Lake, married to Marguerite Boucher.

Lac La Biche des Metis (Alberta), birth, Jean Baptiste (Kakakekamik) Moise, Metis, b-1827, Lac La Biche des Metis (Alberta), son man named Moise and Susanne Decoine, Metis, b-1807 Lesser Slave Lake; 1st married 1844 Lac La Biche des Metis (Alberta) Charlotte Wapisiokowan; 2nd married 1856 Madeleine Abraham, 3rd marriage 1860, Therese Bethleham, 4th marriage 1869 Emilie, 5th marriage Angelique Ducharme.  This is likely an error, some marriages likely apply to one or more of his sons

Fort Carlton, on the North Saskatchewan River, birth (III)-Carolina Small, Metis daughter (II)-Patrick Small Jr., Metis (1789-1846) and Nancy Hughes Metis

Philip Tate b-1827 Red River, married about 1871 N.W.T., Ann Metis b-1839 N.W.T., living Edmonton 1901.

March 20: Fort des Prairie (near Edmonton, Alberta) birth Marie Lavallee, died September 30, 1872 St Bonifice, daughter Pierre Martin Lavallee and Marie Robert dit Lambert; married February 14, 1865 St. Boniface Joseph Bonami L'Esperance

May:  J.E. Harriott is in charge of Fort Assiniboine, so says David Douglas who arrived there.

October 2:  Fort Edmonton, birth (II)-Robert Gibson, Metis, son (I)-Hugh Gibson (1780-1869) employed HBC (1797-1824) and Indian woman.

1828  

Jeanne Beloni, Metis b-1828 N.W.T., living Edmontron 1901.

Antoine (Mustalip) Cardinal, Metis, b-1828, Lac La Biche des Metis (Alberta) son Jacques Cardinal, Metis, b 1798 and Josephte Tcikak, b-1780; married 1858 Lac La Biche (Alberta), Marie (Lafourche) Cardinal (Okisto daughter Antoine (Okeestole) Cardinal, b-1846, Lac La Biche des Metis (Alberta) and Cecile Boucher.

Margaret Finlay, Metis, b-1828 Alberta died Montana married William (Asselin) Ashley born before 1828 son Jean Pierre Asselin and Rosalie Cree.

(II)-Richard Grant (1793-1862) employed HBC (1816-1850) is assigned Fort Assiniboine, Edmonton House and later Slave Lake (1828-1836).

Marie Maifnon is born Fort Edmonton daughter Jean Baptiste Maifnon and Iskowassis Indian Woman.

The H.B.C. returned to Fort Vermilion and remained there until modern times.

February 5:  Fort Edmonton, birth (II)-James McKay (1828-1879) a Metis son (I)-James McKay Sr. of Sutherlandshire, Scotland, a Hudson Bay Company steerman from 1816 to 1840, and Margaret Gladu Metis, daughter of Charles Gladu and Margaret Ross.  James would later marry 1859 Margaret Rowland (Rowand?) Metis born September 5, 1825, Fort Edmonton daughter John (Ignace) Rowand (1787-1854) and Louis Umphreville a Metis.

May 11:  Colin Campbell b-1787 River Beaudette, Ontario arrived Fort Vermilion, Alberta with Baptiste (old) LaFleur, interpreter since 1803, I. Baptiste Errand, engage, Mer (Bernard) Mannville of Fort Vermilion, Charles Lefleur, A. Page, freeman and a Beaver Indian.  Passengers include C. Campbell, wife an our six children.   

August:  Jasper House, (Alberta), birth, Catherine Loyer; Metis, daughter Louis Loyer and Jenne Metis, married, 1845, Lesser Slave Lake,  Jean Baptiste L'Hyrondelle, b-1816, Lesser Slave Lake and Josephte Pilon.

Fort Carlton, on the North Saskatchewan River, birth (II)-William Small, Metis son (II)-Patrick Small Jr., Metis (1789-1846) and Nancy Hughes Metis

August:  Likely Fort Edmonton, or Red River baptism (II)-Mary Ann Whiteway Metis, died October 23, 1839, daughter  (I)-James Whiteway (1778-1838) employed HBC (1798-1823) and (II)-Ann Monkman, Metis, (1807-1839). 

August 27:  Governor (I)-George Simpson (1787-1860) an illegitimate Scot  arrived Fort Vermilion with two canoes and 19 men on their way to New Caledonia.

October 1:  Fort Edmonton Joseph Lafournaise aka Lacarte dit Laboucan (Luboucan ) b-1777-1780 Quebec, a voyager, free trader arrived with his family which consisted of 4 Stone Metis men (Metis) besides his wife (Stone Indian) a 4 young (Metis) children.  This family passed the summer between Fort Edmonton and Rocky Mountains and the heads of Bow and Red Deer River,  

October 3:  Fort Edmonton, our blacksmith is at work for Laboucan aka Joseph Lafournaise aka Lacarte dit Laboucan (Luboucan ) b-1777-1780 Quebec, a voyager, free trader. 

1829  

Elizabeth Belcourt, b-1829, Lesser Slave Lake (Alberta), daughter, Joseph Belcourt, d-1863 and Catherine L'Hyrondelle, b-1793 Lesser Slave Lake (Alberta); married 1842 Devil Lake (Lac Ste Anne, Alberta), Anne Xavier Pante, b-1824, Red River.

Eustache Berard, Metis, b-1829/31, Fort Edmonton (Alberta) son Louis Berard, b-1796 and Catherine Hughes, Metis, b-1799; married, 1854, Red River, Marguerite Primeau, b-1836, Fort Alexander, N.W.T. 

Marie Boucher, Metis b-1829 Alberta living Pincher Creek, Alberta 1901.

Jasper House, North West Territories, birth  Andre Cardinal b-1829 Jasper House, Metis was a guide for the McMicking part of 1862.

Antoine Cataphaar (1795-1840) employed HBC (1817-1840) assigned Fort Dunvegan, Athabasca District (1829-1833).

Baptiste Courtepatte, b-1829, Jasper House (Alberta), died after 1901, son of a man named Courtepatte and Jane Bruyere; married December 28, 1850, Lac Ste Anne (Alberta), Josephte Belcourt, born October 5, 1833, Lesser Slave Lake (Alberta), died after 1901. daughter Joseph Belcourt, d-1863 and Catherine L'Hyrondelle, b-1793 daughter Jacques L'Hyrondelle and Josephte Pilon.

Jasper Hawse built Jasper House at the north end of Brule Lake for the HBC.  The NWC had established their first Jasper trading place in 1801.

Kenneth McDonald b-1829 Scotland, married about 1869 likely Fort Edmonton, Emma Metis b-1833 Alberta, living Edmonton 1901.

Antoine Morin (1797-1857) is at Slave Lake this year.

Isabelle Plante, Metis b-1829 Alberta mother Gaspard Plante b-1875 (1865?) Alberta, living Lac Ste Anne 1901.

Fort Pitt was established this year on the North Saskatchewan River between Fort Callton and Fort Edmonton.

(II)-John Pruden, Metis born 1829 Carlton House on the Saskatchewan River son (I)-Jean Peter Pruden (1778-1868) and Nancy Cree Indian Woman (1785-1837)

It was estimated that 10,000 (likely exaggerated) bison (buffalo) carcasses lay mired in a single ford of the Saskatchewan River contaminating the air for many miles.

January 5:  Lesser Slave Lake (Alberta), birth Rosaline L'Hyrondelle, Metis daughter Jacques L'Hyrondelle (L'Hirondelle) Metis and Josephine Pilon, Metis or Indian;  married September 1847, Lac Ste Anne (Alberta), (II)-John Cunningham, Metis, b-1815, Red River des Metis (Manitoba), son (I)-Patrick Cunningham, an Irishman and Nancy Ann Bruce, Metis.

July 15:  North Saskatchewan River in the Rocky Mountains (Alberta), birth Louis Pelletier or Campbell, Metis, son Pierriche (Pierre) Pelletier or Campbell and Marguerite Cardinal; married 1845,  Fort Jasper (Alberta), Marie Karaconti.

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ALBERTA HISTORY 1850-1869