PRINCIPLES - BELIEFS - VALUES
CANADIAN HISTORY PRINCIPLES - BELIEFS - VALUES ??
CANADIAN HISTORY 1867-1899
CANADIAN HISTORY 1900-1999
CANADIAN HISTORY 2000-2010
DIRECTORY
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Prior to 1867 the culture in the West was governed by the Indian, Metis and British through the Hudson Bay Company.
The American "Manifest Destiny" philosophy had a profound impact on the Canadian Peoples, their lands, their rights, and their culture.
The Americans believe they are superior to all other cultures.
All are not capable of self-government (especially Indians, Metis, and non-European in origin).
The right to extend boundaries of freedom (over Indians, Spain, France, Mexico & Canada).
Might is right.
The governing principles of the British WERE:
The British are superior to all other cultures.
Majority does not rule.
Only the British have a right to democracy (to vote).
Civilization interferes with commerce.
1832
Cholera spread from London to Canada causing an epidemic.
1834
A second cholera epidemic hit Canada
1836
President Andrew Jackson caused a depression in the United States by preventing the re-charter of the Second Bank, calling it a money monster.
1837
The Patriots of Canada present 92 resolutions for political and economic reform and are rejected by the British Government. Mass meeting, riots and armed encounters soon followed in protest to the British decision.
1845
July: The Philosophy of "Manifest Destiny" is created by the Americans to justify atrocities committed against First Nation Peoples, the Spanish and Canadians.
1846
Pope Pious IX became the longest reigning pope in papal history, reigning until 1878, who, in 1870, would proclaim the dogma of papal infallibility that would not allow the Church to renew itself. Future historians may well refer to this dogma as the beginnings of the decline and fall of the Roman Catholic Empire.
1848
The Marx's Communist manifesto is published
1851
The three-penny beaver postage stamp was issued, the first stamp in the world that did not depict a ruling monarch.
The word 'prehistory' was coined this year by Daniel Wilson, professor of history and English at the University of Toronto. It means any time before written historical records.
1858
James Miller Williams of Canada drilled the first commercial oil well in America at Oil Springs, Ontario.
1859
Edwin L. Drake launched the first successful oil well in United States near Titusville (Pennsylvania).
1861
John Forbes, of Dartmouth, Nova Scotia designed the first spring skate. According to legend, the Iroquois attached shin bones of animals to their footwear with leather thongs in order to travel across frozen bodies of water.
1864
Pope Pius IX issued the Syllabus and Encyclical, which would adversely affect the Canadian Roman Catholics and may explain why the Church acted as it did. Many axioms of democracy are explicitly stigmatized as heresies. It stated that the Church had the right to avail herself of force; that there should be no separation of Church and State and that the Roman Catholic religion be held as the only religion of the State, to the exclusion of all other modes of worship. The encyclical condemned those who pressed for liberty of speech, conscience, worship and of the press. Protestantism is declared not to be a religion. A true Catholic could not abandon intolerance. No one; whether Catholic, Protestant or unbeliever, had the right to read a book banned by the Church. No marriages except those solemnized by the Roman Catholic Church could be valid.
1866
June 9: One of the most insidious terrorist organization was created in the United States. Ku Klux Klan (KKK). It started out as a fraternal organization based on white supremacy. It quickly escalated into an anti-Semitism, racism, anti-Catholism and Nativism organization. This was a short step into terrorism, violence and acts of intimidation mostly against African Americans. The organization strongly apposed Negro equality. The next step was easy, gang rape, whippings and murder to intimidate others. Few were ever persecuted as Politicians, Judges and Police were part of the KKK. At its peak in about 1926 its membership stood at 6 million or 20% of eligible males with some areas as high as 40%. It's influence lasted into the 1960's about 100 years. Its underlying principle of white supremacy is still alive into the 21 century. The two most evil principles embraced by Americans are 'Manifest destiny' and 'ethnic supremacy'.
1867
(I)-John A. MacDonald (1815-1891) first Prime Minister of Canada led the Conservative party from (1867-1891). He was the son of Hugh MacDonald and Helen Shaw and married 1843, his cousin Isabella Clark d-1857, they had one son Hugh John MacDonald b-1857. He later married Susan Agnes Benard and had one daughter in 1869, died 1933, mentally and physically disabled. He was known to be a heavy drinker. He only care for office, for the power, for the sake of carrying out his own views, of what is best for the country, with little or no regard for the desires of the people.
Residential boarding schools for natives is growing in popularity among Eastern Canadians as a way to achieve cultural assimilation by isolation. This strategy would prevail for the next one hundred years with devastating consequences. This model is the same model as the Nazi Concentration camps, only the target is different, the mind and soul vs. the body.
Russia sold Alaska to the United States at less than 2 cents an acre because Russia considered the British an enemy and didn't want them bordering Russia.
July 1: The Dominion of Canada came into existence.
July: The Dominion of Canada came into existence. Canada, however, was not allowed to deal directly with other states (such as the Indian and Metis states), control immigration or command Canadian armed forces, except through British Officers. The Hudson Bay Company believed it would help them by providing status and authority in the commerce of land sales to support their colonization policy. Canada consisted of southern Ontario, southern Quebec, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. The population of Canada is three million, three hundred thousand. Louis Riel (1844-1885) arrived at St. Paul, Minnesota, having been educated at the college de Montreal. More than two thousand caravans of ox-drawn Red River Carts with iron or steel wheels made the trek from Red River to St. Paul, Minnesota this season. Some of their return cargo is glass panes for windows, spinning wheels, looms and tools. All aspects of life on the Red River are improving. Most houses had floors and partitioned rooms. This is the year that General Philip Sheridan, Commander of the division of the Missouri, became infamous for his racist quote: "The only good Indian is a dead Indian".
1868
The U.S. having declared war in 1846, this year forced Mexico to cede 55% of its lands to them. This included Arizona, California, New Mexico, Texas and parts of Colorado, Nevada and Utah. The lesson to the world is that might is right. Canada would have to cede land to the US or face war.
1869
The infamous (I)-John A MacDonald (1815-1891), Prime Minister of the Liberal Conservative Party, for a strong, highly centralized, unitary government, made the following statement: "The French half-breeds at Red River are pertinacious resolved to keep the North West a buffalo reserve forever." (I)-John A MacDonald (1815-1891) was a militant Orange Man since 1844. The Orange Order had a violent birth in Loughgall, Ireland in 1795, paying ideological homage to the British Crown and Protestantism. They were a secret society that promoted volunteer militia units for mutual aid and were focused on infiltrating the Civil Service for power. Its power peaked during the MacDonald reign but was still influential into the 1950's. Many considered the Orange Men as the storm troopers of the Ontario Liberal Conservative Party.
1873
The world was slipping into depression with falling prices, bankruptcies and souring unemployment.
Prince Edward Island joined the Dominion of Canada.
John A. Macdonald's government is swept away, some say because of the Canadian Pacific Railway scandal. Others suggest it was because of the Liberal governments treatment of the French and Metis. He was arrogant, and held the Metis and French in contempt. The British considered him a backwoods upstart and the Americans didn't even know who he was.
George French is responsible for organizing the first Mounted Police and their march west. He was forced to resign in 1876 because he had discovered that Ontario was misinformed about conditions in the West. Lt. William Butler was a liar, or more likely the infamous (I)-John A. MacDonald (1815-1891).
September 24: (I)-John A. MacDonald (1815-1891) announced the formation of the North West Mounted Police.
1874
Her Majesty's Poor Law Inspector reported that the poor indentured children deported to Canada under Britain’s emigration policy has grave concerns. Living conditions in Canada are more strenuous combined with loneliness, homesickness, recollections and attachments of children isolated from kinfolk and homeland. John Walters wrote in 1875 that the poor children are not wanted in Canada as they have their own poor children to handle. It is noteworthy that over 80,000 child slaves are deported to Canada by 1930. Britain, Canada and the major Churches condone this moral and social degeneracy. The Roman Catholic Workhouse Association is deeply involved.
By the end of this decade Maritimes fishermen, Quebec lumbermen, Ontario farmers, railway men, industrial workers and professional men by the thousands are streaming across the border in to the United States. American workers received 50¢ to $1.00 more a day and received annual holidays, unheard of in Canada. Life in Canada was bleak
1876
Alexander Graham Bell (1847-1922) a Scottish/Canadian invented the telephone, right! Not so, in March 1875, Alexander attended a demonstration of the Reis Telephone conducted by Joseph Henry of the Smithsonian Institute, invented in 1861, in Germany, by Phillip Reis. Alexander however did file a patent for the telephone this year.
"The 'telephone' has too many shortcomings to be seriously considered as a means of communication. The device is inherently of no values to us." A Western Union internal memo.
1881
In 1881-82 about 6,000 Chinese are hired to build the CPR railway at a dollar a day. Non-Chinese were paid two dollars to two fifty a day. The Chinese were forced to buy their supplies from the CPR store and had to build their own camps. It is noteworthy that the B.C. Government did not want to employ the Chinese but the Federal Government said they were necessary or the railway couldn't be built.
The Church of England Society for providing homes for waifs and strays, know called The Children's Society, was established in London this year to ship child slaves to Canada as cheap labor. Many of the children were kidnapped and records were falsified to disguise their origins. It is estimated that 50% were abused. Canada is paid $2.00 per child slave and a cash bonus of $5,000 for every 1,000 children sent. The British were told the Home Children were of fine British stock that would improve the Canadian gene pool. The Canadians were told they were a cheap labor pool and had tainted blood, were criminals, imbeciles, thieves and carriers of syphilis. Under the Canadian Master and Servant Act, the children were bound to work for their sponsors until they were age 18, and were subject to fines and imprisonment if they ran away.
Adolphus Washington Greely (1844-1935) a U.S. Army officer in 1881 was given command of a two year Arctic expedition called the Lady Franklin Expedition that was authorized in October 1879 International Polar Conference in Hamburg, Germany. He had no Arctic experience but part of his 25 man crew included Eskimos. A wooden post was established named Fort Conger, at Lady Franklin Bay on the east coast of Ellesmere Island, Canada that is located a few miles across Robinson Channel from the Greenland coast. A supply ship was to bring supplies and relief personnel in the next summer of 1882 and in the summer of 1883 to bring the party home. This site was chosen as in 1875 the Nares Expedition had discovered a deposit of coal.
Greely Expedition Roster, 1881 (Lady Franklin Bay Expedition).
The Greely Expedition was an operation of the United States Army Signal Corps.
1st Lieutenant Adolphus W. Greely, (1844-1935) one of the six survivors
2nd Lieutenant Frederick F. Kislingbury, he was relieved of duty for
disagreeing with Greely.
2nd Lieutenant James B. Lockwood, set a new record in northern expeditions
reaching 83" 24' N. Latitude, May 1882
Octave Pavy, Physician & Naturalist, died June 6, 1884
Sergeant Edward Israel, astronomer
Sergeant Winfield S. Jewell
Sergeant George W. Rice
Sergeant David C. Ralson, b-1847
Sergeant Hampden S. Gardiner
Sergeant William Cross
Sergeant David L. Brainard, born December 21, 1856, died March 22, 1946, one
of the six survivors and reached 83" 24' N. Latitude May 1882, wrote
"This man (Greely) (I cannot call him a gentleman) comes among us like a serpent
in Eden and creates eternal hatred towards himself"
Sergeant David Linn
Corporal Nicholas Salor
Corporal Joseph Elison, born January 12, 1849, died July 8, 1884
Private Charles B. Henry, shot by Greely for alleged stealing food
Private Maurice Connell, one of the 6 survivors.
Private Jacob Bender (George Layerzaph), a tin smith, born July 5, 1852, died
June 6, 1884, Greely threatened to have him shot for siding with Frederick
Kislingbury.
Private Francis Long
Private William Whisler
Private Henry Biederbick
Private Julius Frederick
Private William A. Ellis
Private Roderick R. Schneider
Jens Edward, hunter and dog driver (Greenland native) Eskimo
Thorlip Frederick Christiansen, hunter and dog driver (Greenland Native)
Eskimo, reached 83" 24' N. Latitude May 1882
1882
2nd Lieutenant James B. Lockwood, Thorlip Frederick Christianson (Eskimo) and Sergeant David L. Brainard, of the Greely Expedition, set a new record in northern expeditions reaching 83" 24' N. Latitude, May 1882
In the summer of 1882 the supply ship for the Lady Franklin Expedition had to turn back because of heavy ice.
1883
A second supply ship for the Lady Franklin Expedition was crushed by heavy ice and sank. Adolphus Washington Greely (1844-1935) because no supply ship had arrived abandoned Fort Conger to head south as previously arranged to supply point Smith Sound. There they found a small cache of previsions with a note of the fate of the supply ship. They built a crude shelter and settled in for another winter. President Chester Arthur (1829-1886) and the Secretary of War Robert T. Lincolin did nothing to aid in the recovery of the Greely Expedition.
Sandford Fleming of Canada developed 'standard time' to accommodate the railway scheduling. Prior to this time time was reckoned by high noon.
"We tacitly abandon ourselves to the notion that our United States have been fashioned from the British Islands only - which is a very great mistake" Walt Whitman.
1884
Many bills to appropriate funds for the recovery of the Greely Expedition were defeated by Congress. Had it not been for the persistent activities of Greely's wife Hennietta Hudson Nesmith (1849-1918) who he married in June 1878, the Greely Expedition survivors would have been lost. Congress finally begrudgingly approved funding for a recovery operation.
January 17, 1884 first man on Greely Expedition dies of starvation.
June 5: Greely orders the execution of Private Charles B. Henry.
June 22: The Greely Expedition as
it now became known started out as a party of 25 men was reduced to 6 through
starvation, drowning, hypothermia and the execution of private Charles B. Henry
for stealing food. The survivors had reverted to cannibalism and eating
shoe leather. They were finally rescued June 22, 1884.
The U.S.A.
Congress said they would never again support an Arctic Expedition.
The public greeted the remaining Greely Expedition members as hero's but the government were cool and refused to recognize the achievements of this expedition. Cannibalism, in fighting, finger pointing and inept command dogged Greely for months. Sic corpuses of the Greely Expedition were examined and showed signs of cannibalism.
It is noteworthy that Sergeant David L. Brainard (1856-1946) diary of events have been expurgated by omitting details and changes to Brinard's style of writing.
1885
A $50 head tax was imposed on Chinese immigrants and women and children were prevented from coming to Canada. This racist action would see a full apology from the Canadian Government in June 2006.
January: (I)-John A. MacDonald (1815-1891) announced that a commission would be appointed to investigate and report on western problems. Police, Government officials and private individuals appealed unceasingly to Ottawa, but MacDonald's delays are notorious and a mere promise of a commission of inquiry seemed to hold out but small hope of redress.
1890
Up until this time the primary use of oil was for kerosene for heating and light.
1891
(I)-John A. MacDonald (1815-1891), a Scott, leader of the New Liberal Conservative Party, died and ended a gloomy period for Native Canadians. The Canadian population stood at four and one half million.
1895
The gold reserve of the U.S. Treasury was saved when J.P. Morgan and the Rothschilds loaned $65 million worth of gold to the United States Government.
1898
Imperial Oil Limited sold controlling interest to Standard Oil Limited in a desperate attempt to acquire more capital, being turned down by Canadian and English investors who could not see a bright future in oil. Standard Oil owned the refinery in Sarnia, through their affiliate Bushnell Company.
When Spain declared war on the United States, the U.S. in turn declared war on Spain but lied and backdated the declaration by three days so it would look more heroic to have declared war first.
April 21: US President William McKinley declared a state of war with Spain and established a blockade of Cuba. It is noteworthy that January 1, 1898, Spain had granted limited autonomy to Cuba but the US wanted Spain out of Cuba and resented their presents in Pueryo Rico and the Philippines. Some consider this American-Spanish War as the end of the Spanish Empire.