All previous Church Synods are declared null and void including all Eastern Canon Law.
Warlords created and disposed the Bishops of Rome during this period.
Some are teenagers, one bishop is only five years old.
EUROPEAN & ASIAN HISTORY 980 - 999
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900
Benedict IV (900-903) an upper class Roman of the Formosan Party is elected bishop of Rome while the clergy is still in turbulence.
Iceland had a population of 20,000 many of them mixed blood as a result of Viking slave trade in Scot, Irish and English stock. It is noteworthy that Icelandic, Viking and English are all Germanic peoples. Few Icelanders died of natural causes, most by murder, ambush, burning and human sacrifices. Murder of Vikings usually resulted in compensation or banishment that normally is to the west. Banishment is usually for a limited time being one to four years. Weather conditions in the north are excellent. These conditions continue to encourage expansion to the west.
The Alban Hills fifteen miles from Rome lived the famous Conti, the Counts Alberic of Tusculum. This warlord family took complete control of papal elections. Seven bishops of Rome came from this one family, three in succession and almost without exception they helped shape this Roman Church period of shame. From 880 to about 1020 thirty-five pontiffs reigned on average only four years. Many of these bishops of Rome are in their early twenties, several are teenagers. Some only lasted twenty days, or a month, or three months. Six of them are dethroned, a number are murdered.
Lord Julian of Goathland a Viking according to legend ruled the Germanic-Saxon of England. Julian built his stronghold in Northumbria and following tradition built within its walls a living object. Julian is claimed to have selected Gytha of the Mill a fourteen-year-old virgin who he entombed alive within the walls.
The discovery of the 'Laguna Copperplate Inscription' clearly demonstrates that writing was evident in the Philippines prior to this date.
902
The Viking are driven out of Dublin Ireland to Chester and York in Northern England.
903
Leo V (903-904) not of the Roman clergy but a pro-Formosan is elected bishop of Rome. Christopher (903-904) a Roman also of the Formosan party staged a revolution and imprisoned Leo bishop of Rome and made himself bishop of Rome. Sergius III a Roman staged a revolution and imprisoned Christopher bishop of Rome, eventually murdering him and Leo bishop of Rome.
904
Emperor Aidi (Zhaoxuan) of China reigned (904-906) thus ending the Tang Dynasty
Leo V (903) bishop of Rome had reigned for one month before being imprisoned by Cardinal Christopher (903-904) bishop of Rome. Anti-bishop of Rome Sergius III (904-911) had solved the problem by slaughtering them both. Sergius Buish of Rome of the Stephen Party once more exhumed Formosus bishop of Rome who’s remains had been recovered by his followers. Sergius bishop of Rome condemned the ten-year-old remains and again threw it into the river. The bishop of Rome press-ganged the clergy to declare previous synods null and void. Many priests are forced to be ordained afresh and confusion is indescribable. Sergius III bishop of Rome took fifteen year old Marozia as his mistress at age forty-five. Marozia is the daughter of a chief senator of Rome and her mother had already made and unmade two bishops of Rome. A son is born of this union who would become John XI (931-936) bishop of Rome. Sergius bishop of Rome issued a canon to Constantinople disregarding the strictness of eastern canon law causing confusion and controversy.
907
The Liao Dynasty spanned (907-1125) Others called it the Ten Kingdoms (907-979)
The Five Dynasties in China lasted (907-960)
Emperor Taizu of China reigned (907-910) of the Later Liang Dynasty.
Former 'Shu', a kingdom during the Five Dynasties ( 907-960) and the Ten Kingdoms Period (907-979) This Shu is a one character symbol not a two character symbol.
Chinese writers referred to the Mongols as the Mengkul. The Chinese believed the Mengku are related if not subjects of the Turks. The Mongol or Sni Wei by language are closely related to the Turks, Uighurs and Khitans. At this time to the East of the Mengkul is the Juchen Tartars and founders of the Kin Empire. To the South are the Mengku cousins the Khitan and to the West and south the Uighurs.
911
Emperor Modi of China reigned (911-923) ending the Later Liang Dynasty.
The Viking, Rollo, invaded France and created Northman Country or Normandy in Northern France. The establishment of this Viking enclave basically ended the attacks on northern France. East Frank under Conrad I, duke of Franconia established the German tribal duchies into a loose kingdom of Lorraine, Saxony, Franconia, Swabia and Bavaria. Anti-bishop of Rome Sergius III (904-911) died in his bed with a married woman. Anastasius III (911-913) a Roman is bishop of Rome but the papacy is effectively controlled by Theophylact (d-920) and his wife Theodora the Elder (d-after 916) considered an unscrupulous family.
913
Lando (913-914) a wealthy Lombard is listed as bishop of Rome, likely a puppet of Theophylact.
914
Theodora mother of Marozia placed her lover John X (914-928) bishop of Rome in the papacy. He prided himself with organizing resistance to stopping Muslim attacks on central Italy over the past 60 years. He elected a five-year-old boy to an Archbishopric. In 928 Theodora had the bishop of Rome imprisoned then had him suffocated.
917
The Viking from Chester and York, England again recapture Dublin, Ireland. The Viking become a permanent part of the Irish culture.
919
Henry the Fowler (919-936) a Germanic-Saxon is considered the first Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire. The Holy Roman Empire lasted from 919 to 1806 in one form or another. The Roman Catholic Church attempted to keep the power of the Roman Empire alive during this period but the Holy Roman Empire is never an Empire nor Holy. The Germanic-Saxon clan controlled the Empire from 919 to 1002.
Leo VI (928-928) a Roman is elected and died before John X bishop of Rome likely making him an anti-bishop of Rome. Stephen VII (928-931) a Roman also is elected before the death of John X bishop of Rome also making him an anti-bishop of Rome. Marozia as head of the house of Theophylact and effective ruler of Rome elected and controlled both anti-bishops of Rome.
923
Emperor Zhuangzong of China reigned (923-926) of the Later Tang Dynasty.
926
Emperor Mingzong of China reigned (926-934) of the Later Tang Dynasty.
928
Marozia Mistress of Sergius III bishop of Rome imprisoned John X bishop of Rome effectively taking control of Rome for her son John XI bishop of Rome and also dominated the Curia.
929
John X (914-928) bishop of Rome is murdered in prison having been deposed in 928.
930
Iceland population has expanded to 40,000 people as more British Isle and Viking peoples flood to the island. Icelanders tend to be small in stature and many are dark-haired that is more Pict than Nordic or Celt in appearance. The Viking are still active in Gaul, England and Ireland.
Karmathians, a Muslim reformist sect rebelling against the ruling orthodox caliphs, stormed Mecca and massacred some thirty thousand people. Stephen VIII (928-931) bishop of Rome for impropriety had his ears and nose cut off.
931
John XI (931-935) bishop of Rome, a Roman is placed on the throne being the son of Sergius III (904-911) bishop of Rome and Marozia (d after 932). Marozia married her brother-in-law Hugh of Provence King of Italy. The people are not pleased and stormed the castel in 932. Marozia second son Alberic Junior (d-954) imprisoned his half-brother John bishop of Rome and his own mother. He elevated himself to Prince of Rome, Senator of all the Romans, count and patrician. He kept John bishop of Rome as his personal slave.
934
Emperor Fedi of China reigned (934-935) ending the Later Tang Dynasty.
A Wessex army of Sassenachs (Germanic-Saxon) seriously defeated the Scots.
936
Emperor Gaozu of China reigned (936-944) of the Later Jin Dynasty.
Leo VII (936-939) a Roman is appointed by Alberic II (932-954) Prince of Rome.
937
Leo VII bishop of Rome appointed Archbishop Frederick of Mainz apostolic vicar and legate for all Germany instructing him to expel Jews who refused to be baptized. The Magyars nearly reached Rome this year.
939
Stephen VIII (939-942) a Roman is appointed bishop of Rome by Alberic II (905-954). Another tradition suggests he is of German descent imposed on the holy see by Otto I (962-973) King of Germany.
944
Emperor Chudi of China reigned (944-947) thus ending the Later Jin Dynasty.
946
Agapitus II (946-955) a Roman is appointed bishop of Rome by Alberic II (905-954).
947
Emperor Gaozu of China reigned (947-948) of the Later Han Dynasty.
948
Emperor Yindi of China reigned (948-951) thus ending the Later Han Dynasty.
950
The Germanic-Saxon King Ethelred the Unready (978-1016) imposed a Danegeld or Danish Money Tax on the people to pay the Vikings to stay away.
951
Emperor Taizu of China reigned (951-954) of the Later Zhou Dynasty.
954
Emperor Shizong of China reigned (954-960) thus ending the Later Zhou Dynasty and the Five Dynasties..
A Hungarian army of 100,000 horsemen invaded Lorraine, Burgundy and Italy the Germanic Holy Roman Empire ultimately besieging Augsburg. King Otto I (962-973) the Germanic-Saxon finally stopped the Hungarians advances driving them beyond Vienna and destroying their army. Agapitus II (946-955) bishop of Rome endorsed Alberic's bastard son Octanian as Prince of Rome and supreme pontiff of the Roman Church.
955
The Magyar Mongols settled in Hungary after terrorizing France, Germany and Italy. The grandson of Marozia an 18 year old boy called Octavian the bastard, became John XII (955-963) bishop of Rome being the second bishop of Rome to change his name John II in 533 is the first. This violated canon law thereby making this papal appointment null and void. This anti-bishop of Rome is disinterested in spiritual things, addicted to boorish pleasures and uninhibitedly debauched life. The people said he turned the papacy into a brothel. The scandal-mongering Bishop Liutprand of Cremonia said that dissolute boy died of amorous excess while making love.
959
King Edgar I (959-975) crowned himself as ruler of all England.
960
The Song dynasty begins in China (960-1279).
Emperor Taizu (960-976) conquered the North and South to create the Song Dynasty. He went on to conquer the countries of Shu, South Han but failed to conquer North Han.
In the early Song Dynasty (960-1279) a list of 411 surnames was established and later expanded to 504 names, of these 444 are single character surnames and 60 are double character surnames and about 800 have been derived from the original list. Shu is included in the 100 most common surnames, one as a single character and one as a double character. My interest (the author R.D. Garneau) in Shu is I married Mary Dik Ping Shu and her surname 'Shu' is of the double character nature and I am attempting to track the origin of the names. All the girls in the family include the name Ping?
The Northern Song Dynasty lasted (960-1127) and was defeated by the Jin Dynasty (1127-1234) and many citizens fled south of the Yanetze River and established their capital city at Lin'an (now Hangzhow, China)
As Song society became more and more prosperous and parents on the bride's side of the family provided larger dowries for her marriage, women naturally gained many new legal rights in ownership of property. They were also equal in status to men in inheriting family property. There were many notable and well-educated women and it was a common practice for women to educate their sons during their earliest youth. The mother of the scientist, general, diplomat, and statesman Shen Kuo taught him essentials of military strategy.
During the early part of the Sung dynasty in China the game of gulf alias Chuiwan was invented and much later exported to Scotland. Records of the game were unearthed in 2005.
The Northern Song Dynasty is (960-1127)
Emperor Taizu of China reigned (960-976) in The Northern Song.
The Greek army of 140,000 men contained Slav, Spanish, Slav-Russian and Chazars mercaniers. The Greek considered themselves as Christian crusaders and the authentic heirs of the Roman Legions. Sviatoslav had replaced Olga in Kiev (Russia). He had expansionist ambitions leading to his death this year. His lands are divided among his sons but a twenty-year civil war broke out.
Eirik the Red son Thorvald, son Asvald, son Ulf, son Oxen-Thorir, both departed Jaederen, Norway because of some killings and went to Iceland that was extensively settled at this time. Eirik married Thjodhild daughter Jorund Ulfsson and Thorbjorg Ship-Breast who was then married to Thorbjorn of Haukadale. They had a son called Leif.
961
A synod of sixteen cardinals is called to charge John XII
(955-963) who became the bishop of Rome at age 16 to answer serious charges.
Bishop of Cremona recorded "Everyone, clergy as well as laity, accuses
you, Holiness, of Homicide, perjury, sacrilege, incest with your relatives,
including two of your sisters, and with having, like a pagan, invoked Jupiter,
Venus and other demons." It is said he toasted the Devil at the high
alter of the mother church of Christendom. The citizens said this
bishop of Rome had invented sin not known since the beginning of the world,
including sleeping with his mother. John bishop of Rome responded
by threat of excommunication to them all. At age 24 a jealous husband
killed the bishop of Rome with his wife in bed. The Romans noted
that this is the climax of his career.
The Greek sent 3,000 vessels against Crete and after a six-month siege
if fell in March.
962
King Otto I (962-973) the Germanic-Saxon of the Roman Empire quietly march into Italy claiming the title in February as Emperor of the Holy Empire. Missionary activity is taken out of the corrupt John XII (955-963) bishop of Rome control as is the reform of a clergy corrupted by simony and the commercial exploitation of shrines and relics. The New Emperor Otto re-established the Imperial right to sanction papal elections and to make the bishop of Rome subject to the State.
Brian Boru (941-1014) leads a small band of rebels on his first attack against the Irish Viking.
963
Emperor Otto I (962-973) called a synod of Bishops at Rome to deal with the crimes of John XII (955-963) bishop of Rome. The scandal mongering bishop Liutprand of Cremona claims John XII (955-963) bishop of Rome that dissolute boy died of amorous excess while making love. This synod established a period of 100 years of German domination of the Roman Papacy.
Leo VIII (963-965) is elected bishop of Rome during a synod called by Emperor Otto I (962-973) that deposed John XII (955-964) bishop of Rome for murder and other crimes, in his absence. Leo is a layman and should not have been elected while John is still alive making him by two canon laws an anti-bishop of Rome. The legitimacy of Leo's Pontificate has been hotly contested.
964
John XII bishop of Rome instigated a revolt to have the anti-bishop of Rome Leo VIII removed from power. Imperial troops crushed the revolt. John bishop of the duchy of Rome called a synod that deposed and excommunicated Leo bishop of the duchy of Rome. Leo bishop of Rome is ignored and Benedict V (964-966) is elected bishop of the duchy of Rome. Otto's army besieged the hunger-stricken city. Leo bishop of Rome is reinstalled and called a synod to depose and degrade Benedict bishop of Rome. The oldest record in the Vatican archives dates to this year. Most records from this period is highly suspect. Forgeries are created in the 11th century concerning this period of history. Brian Boru (941-1014) is near Defeat in his war against the Irish Viking when other clans joined his war.
965
John XIII (965-972) a Roman is appointed bishop of the duchy of Rome by two bishops of Emperor Otto I (962-973). The people revolted and assaulted John and banished him to a prison at Campagna. Sviatoslav (964-972) began expanding the Slav-Russian Kievan state by conquering the Khazars.
966
Emperor Otto I (962-973) marched on Rome deposed Benedict V (964-966) bishop of Rome and restored John XIII (965-972) bishop of Rome and with gruesome brutality punished those involved in the Papal revolution. Military force is required to hold the papacy. Miezko I converted to Christianity gaining the protection of the holy see setting the stage for the creation of Poland.
967
Sviatoslav (964-972) at the request of the Greek Byzantine Emperor attacked the Slav-Bulgars on the Danube. He entrenched his headquarters at Pereyaslavet on the Danube. He wrote, here are all of the good things, gold, cloth, wines, and fruits of the Greeks, silver and horses of the Slav-Czechs and Hungarians and furs, wax, honey and slaves from Russia. As he wrote a Turkish tribe called the Pecheniegs began to invade from the south.
968
The first major victory of Brian Boru (941-1014) against the Irish-Viking occurred when he took the town of Lymrick. All those fit for war are killed and the rest are enslaved.
970
Ari Marsson is blown from Iceland to Greenland and referred to Greenland as the Whiteman Christian Land, as told by Earl Thorfinn of Orkney. Ari stayed with the White Westman (Greenlanders). The Viking are still active in Ireland at this late date.
A Malay shipwreck is discovered in the Java Sea off Indonesia. This ship is larger than the Columbus ship of five centuries later. The ship contained Chinese ceramics and Islamic artifacts suggesting the religion spread from China rather than by Arabic traders as previously thought. However the ship also included Arabic and Persian glassware. Jewelry from India was also recovered suggesting this was an extensive trading mission. We constantly under estimate early man's ability to conduct long ocean voyages.
971
Sviatoslav (964-973) is forced to give up Bulgaria.
January 23, a mass of arrow fire from Northern Song Dynasty (960-1127) crossbowmen decimated the war elephant corps of the Southern Han army. This defeat not only marked the eventual submission of the Southern Han to the Song Dynasty, but also the last instance where a war elephant corps was employed as a regular division within a Chinese army
972
According to Liutprand in his chronicles John XIII (965-972) bishop of Rome tore out his enemy’s eyes and put half the population to the sword.
973
Emperor Otto I (962-973) a Germanic-Saxon of the Germanic Roman Empire died this year being replace by his son Otto III (973-983). He attacked Moslem Sicily being defeated and lost southern Italy from the Holy Roman Empire. Benedict VI (973-985) a Roman son of a monk is elected bishop of Rome. He strictly forbid bishops to charge fees for ordinations and consecrations. A nationalist party revolted against the bishop of Rome and Benedict bishop of Rome is seized and imprisoned. Benedict VI bishop of Rome alias Bonifatius and Malefatius (973-985) being imprisoned, Boniface VII alias Franco (974-984) a Roman is elected bishop of the duchy of Rome. Benedict VII (974-983) a Roman is also elected bishop of Rome. Boniface is listed as bishop of Rome in ancient list and therefore Benedict would be an anti- bishop of Rome . He immediately held a synod and excommunicated Boniface VII bishop of Rome. Some claim Boniface VII bishop of Rome had murdered (smothered) Benedict VI bishop of the duchy of Rome to secure his position. Boniface VII (974-985) bishop of Rome fled Rome with the treasury of St. Peter's, some critics accused him of dishonoring a young girl. Some suggest he returned to Rome and is killed by a jealous husband. He did return in 980 and assumed the papal office during Benedicts VII (974-983) bishop of Rome absence. Troops drove him to Constantinople in 981. In 984 he returned and imprisoned Benedict VII bishop of Rome . Boniface's corpse, the legend says with a hundred dagger wounds is dragged through the streets before being tossed into a cesspool.
975
The Greek furthest southern advancement ended at Jerusalem this year.
976
Emperor Taizong of China reigned (976-9997) in The Northern Song.
Brian Boru (941-1014) becomes King of Munster and begins uniting Ireland.
979
Emperor Taizong (976-997) younger brother of Emperor Taizu (960-976)
conquered the Northern Han.
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