Some believe Egypt adopts the Sumerian God-King belief.

Sumerians believe that God is vengeful being both good and evil.

Egyptians believe that God is only good.

The Mesopotamian culture created a slave caste system.

EUROPEAN & ASIAN HISTORY 3100 BC - 2001 BC

EUROPEAN & ASIAN HISTORY Return to EUROPEAN & ASIA INDEX

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The Sumerians pass their beliefs to the Semitic Akkadian speaking people.
China builds some fortified walls suggesting squabbling is taking place.
Egypt developed a belief that there is a final judgment when you die.
A priestly class is established as the notion of private property ownership surfaces.
Property ownership evolves to include female slaves. Male slavery would follow later.
Temple prostitutes for the priestly class is created.
Egypt believes the soul leaves the body and goes to heaven and the body remains on earth.

 

This is the beginning of the climatic optimum for the development of agriculture in Europe.  Olive trees are being cultivated along the Mediterranean.  The Middle East is cultivating fruit and nut crops such as olives, figs, dates, pomegranates and grapes.  The significance of fruit and nut crops is that they can't be harvested until three years after planting.  Prior to this time the climate is sup-optimal for agricultural activities.  Agriculture began to arrive in Denmark and Sweden believed to be brought with the Gothic migrants from Asia.  England is growing wheat at this time suggesting it may have arrived much earlier.  Researchers have found evidence of a rapid switch from a sea food based culture to a land-based food culture in the United Kingdom in less than 100 years. Some dispute this conclusion.   The Denmark farmers of Northern Germany are using slash and burn farming methods.  The horse is domesticated in Dereivka, Ukraine and would not reach the middle east until 2,300 B.C. to replace the ass.  It is estimated that some 86.5 million people occupy the world.

Huang He (Yellow River) valley from Gansu to Shandong provinces in China. There were farming settlements on these sites from around 4000 B.C.

The Sahara desert the largest and driest desert on the planet only receives a relative humidity of low single digits.  Some places it only rains once a century.  Yet beneath the Sahara are vast aquifers of fresh water, enough liquid to fill a small sea.  The Sahara desert at this time was a tropical paradise.  Hippopptamuses who need year-round water are found in this green area.  Monsoons created these tropical conditions and by 3,000 B.C. the monsoons stopped and by 2,000 B.C. the Sahara as we know it was born.  It is noteworthy that the monsoons migrate north and south due to the dynamics of the earths motion. 

The Semitic speaking Akkadian people is living in Northern Mesopotamia.  The Akkadian represents the earliest known Semitic peoples after the Sumerians.  It is noteworthy that the Sumerians and Semites only differed in language not religion, culture or politics.  Sumerian texts never refer to the Semitic Akkadian people as enemies, invaders or nomads that is usual in describing another people.  Many scientists conclude that the Semitic people are Sumerian but can't account for the differing language except by intensive inter-marriage.  Its likely the two cultures represent a mixing of ancient maternal vs. newer paternal beliefs and values. A city is located at tel Hamoukar in northern Syria.

Some of Mesopotamia earliest cities from 4,000 B.C. to 1,200 B.C. are being destroyed by thieves seeking statues, bronzes and tablets with cuneiform writings, by the 21st. century.

The Sudan region at the future city of Kerma during the Kush Kingdom of (1700-1500 B.C.) is occupied from 4000 to 3000 B.C.

Hierakonpolis, on the Nile south of Luxor, was settled about this time.

Egypt is cultivating the Nile River and wheat is being grown in Wessics, southern England.  Later Hieroglyphs suggest the sport of boxing is conducted at an early date throughout the Nile valley.   Hieroglyphs meaning sacred carvings are used from about 2900 B.C. to 394 A.D. but are likely in use before 3,000 B.C.  Early Hieroglyphs are cut on cylindrical seals.

French and Spanish farmers are building megaliths (large stone) tombs.  Megaliths can be found in Scandinavia, Britain, Ireland, France, Spain, Corsica and Malta.  It is believed this cultural tradition originated in the western Mediterranean likely Spain or France then spread to the north and east.  The Maltese Island culture south of Sicily developed elaborate temples and extensive underground vaults with 32 chambers containing 7,000 burials.  Elaborate statues and figurines are recovered.  It is believed this culture likely originated in Sicily.  The islands are originally abundant and eventually over time, some 1,500 to 2,000 years over population depleted the resources resulting in malnutrition and eventual decline.

China during the Longshan period (about 4000-2000) is a highly developed agricultural society trading raw materials, manufactured goods and other commodities over long distances.  The Chinese trading networks linked thousands of small communities spurring social and technological changes.  They practiced metallurgy and constructed earthen wall fortifications.  These fortifications and other evidence suggest a quarreling and warring culture.  Some believe social stratification, kinship loyalties and extended family principles are deeply established.  The believe that family ancestors are the conduit to the Spirit-gods is also believed to be part of the culture.  This tradition would logically evolve into Royal ancestors who became intermediaries between the living and the ultimate ancestor and supreme being, the ruler of heaven and the creator God.  Only time will tell who influenced whom between the China and Iraq relative to fundamental beliefs and values.  The Lungshan period existed on the plains of eastern China where they domesticated the pig, dog, sheep and ox.  The Yangshao period existed in the mountains of western China.  They had millet as their main crop.  They domesticated the dog and pig.  Northern China was much warmer and wetter that today.  It was mostly lakes and marshes and in central China was an enormous lake.  The production of silk preceded this period.

Chambered Tomb south of Ronaldsay, Orkney aka the Tomb of the Eagles contained 340 human remains.  Animal remains are also evident along with unstan pottery, bone & shell beads, stone implements and flint.  Chambered tomb a few miles from Men-a-tol near Penzance, Cornwall, England date to this period or earlier.

Comb-pattern artifacts are evident in Korea.

Lizaed faced terra cotta figurines are found in graves at Ur and Eridu.

At Loulan, Xinjiang, China a Indo-European mummy dates to 4,000 B.C. causing cultural consternation in some quarters.  It is noteworthy that mummification began in Peru about 7,000 B.C. or earlier.

Smelted copper fish hooks are being used in Western USSR. Bulgaria is casting copper axe heads.

It is believed that rice was first cultivated this year in south east Asia.

Some believe the Lapita Culture, ancestors of the Polynesia, Micronesia and Melanesia originated in southeast Asia 4,000 to 3,000 B.C  Others suggest it was more like 35,000 to 30,000 B.C.

In Poland the archeological site at Oslonki uncovered some 30 longhouses and 80 graves.

The Orkney Islands were inhabited at least since this time.

Circumcision was part of religious rites in Egypt and Greece dating back to this time.

Evidence of tuberculosis was found in a Neolithic burial ground near Heidelberg, where the skeleton of a young man showed fusion of the fourth and fifth dorsal vertebrae.

Stone tablets show cheese as early as this time

The Polynesian culture is believed to have departed Asia's main land for the Pacific Ocean.

According to some genetic studies the Celts (Ireland & Wales), Armoricans (France), Berbers (Morocco) and Basques (Spain) returned from America about this time as accomplished seafarers.  Others are very doubtful.

The last wooly mammoths, Mammuthus primigenius, went extinct on Wrangel Island, Russia, north of the Arctic Circle.

3,963 B.C.  

The patriarch of the Enoch tribe (3963-3598) is a descendent of the tribe of Enoch (3963-3598) according to the historian Josephus (37-100 A.D.).  Enoch begot Methuselah and many others.

3,898 B.C.  

The patriarch of the Mathusela tribe (3898-2929) is a descendent of the tribe of Jared (4025-3063) according to the historian Josephus (37-100 A.D.).  Methusela begot Lamech and many others.

3,800 B.C.  

The earliest known use of weights and  measures are uncovered at Naqada, Egypt.  Some suggest the IV Dynasty of Egypt under King Men-kau-Ra (Mycerinus) also known as Osiris as king of the South and North.  He is declared born of heaven, offspring of Nut wife of Seb.  He is regarded as the spirit-god of resurrection and of eternal life.  The Egyptians believed in the resurrection and eternal life from very ancient times.  His son is Horus by Isis.  Isis is the most enduring and beloved symbol of ancient Egypt, whose following is especially popular in the Greek and Roman periods.  Isis represents the women who civilized Egypt by teaching agriculture, medicine and instituting marriage.  She is totally dedicated to the service of mankind.  Isis is the epitome of the selfless woman, the charmer, the endurer, and the loyal spouse.  The following of Isis is not eradicated until the reign of the Emperor Justinian.

3,761 B.C.  

The traditional Jewish calendar places this year as the date of the creation of the world.  An unknown Semitic-Hebrew scribe in 500 B.C. had established 3,800 B.C. as the origin of earth.

3,750 B.C.  

The Sumerian culture of Iraq built the city of Uruk by incorporating Kullaba a town devoted to the sky spirit-god An (Anu) and E-Anna (House of Heaven) the lower spirit-god Inanna (called Ishtar by the Semites).   This multi-god concept is some times confused with many god views in one (the trinity belief) and/or confusion between god and spirits.  Most multi-god cultures usually had one superior God.  Some classify this as the Uruk period (3750-3150 B.C.) or Erech or Warka.

Bandkeramik culture along the Danube has advanced their agriculture to support small villages.

3,711 B.C.  

The patriarch of the Lamech tribe (3711-2934) is a descendent of the tribe of Mathusela (3898-2929) according to the historian Josephus (37-100 A.D.).  Lamech begot Noah and many others.

3,700 B.C.  

The Egyptians considered God (Re) as the Great God of Heaven, the King of all Kings and a divine being.  The belief of the judgment of the dead is of very great antiquity in Egypt.   Heaven is a paradise called the Field of Aaru in a region called Amenti located West of Egypt.  Aaru is situated near water and is blessed with breezes.

El-Omari near Wadi Hof, between Cairo and Helwan (Egypt) is the home of people who constructed oval shelters.

3,529 B.C.  

The tribe of Noah (3529-2579) alias Ut-Napishtim the Sumerian patriarch is born of the tribe of Lamech (3711-2934).  Josephus (37-100 A.D.) calculated the birth of the patriarch Noah as 3529.  Noah begot Shem, Ham, and Japheth.  Genesis claims Ham is the ancestor of the Canaanites and the slaves to Shem and Japheth.

Shem begot Elam, Asshur, Arpachshad, Lud, Aram.  (Elamites, Assyria, Aramaeans, and Hebrew)

        Arpachshad begot Shelah who begot Ebar who begot Peleg and Xas alias Joktan
        Aram begot Uz, Hul, Gether and Mash.
                 six generations of Shelah - Terah begot Abram (2107 B.C.)

Ham begot Cush, Misraim, Put, and Canaan.  (Egypt, Ethiopia and Arabia)

        Cush begot Seba, Havilah, Sabtah, Raamah, Sabteca, Nimrod.
        Raamah begot Sheba and Dedan.
        Misraim begot the people of Lud, of Anam, Lehab, Naphtuh, Pathros, Cusluh and Caphtor, from which the Philistines came.
        Canaan begot Sidon, Heth, Jebusites, the Amorites, Girgashites, Hivites, Arkites, Sinites, Arvadites, Zemarites, Hamathites,
Japheth begot Gomer, Magog (the Medes), Javan, Tubal, Meshech, Tiras.  (Asia Minor and the Mediterranean)

        Gomer begot Ashkenaz, Riphath, and Togarmah.
        Javan begot Elishah, Tarshish, the Kittim, and the Dananites.

This genealogy is an attempt to summarize knowledge of the known world at the time of Solomon about 1118 B.C.

3,500 B.C.  

The horse is believed to be first domesticated in Central Asia in a town of Botai, northern Kazakhstan that was occupied 3,700-3,100 B.C.

Hierakonpolis, on the Nile south of Luxor, was settled about 4,000 B.C. and by this time they had a large menagerie and a burial ground of exotic animals.  Uncovered were 10 dogs, 11 baboons, 6 wildcats, a baby hippo, two other hippos, a hartebeest, a cow and calf and two elephant, believe to be from a zoo.

The Proto-Celts in Gaul are using pottery and growing apples.  Aboriginal peoples, probably Pict, are living in the Orkney Islands at Skara Brae.  The Proto-Celts appears to have a simplistic notion of God being the Supreme God or just God of the sky, later referred to as Zeus in Anatolia (Greek) Mythology.  The simplistic Celt belief in a Supreme God is like the American belief in the Great Spirit who lives in the sky.  Hammered copper artifacts are used throughout Europe.

The warm and humid climate of Iraq of the past 2,000 years suddenly turned colder and dryer.  This change forced the people into more intense irrigation farming and the development of the plough.  These Ubaid people (named after the Al Ubaid site) in Iraq developed a complex religion leading to great temple complexes and a powerful priestly class.  The Ubaid people are believed to have entered Iraq about 5,000 B.C.  Some  believe this forced the people into a city-state culture leading to specialization, the accumulation of wealth among the few then rivalry and war.  Specialization is a common practice throughout the world and not likely the cause of rivalry and war.  Usually when conditions are unfavorable in one area people just naturally migrate.  It is likely the people are subjected and forced to remain in a hostile area against their will and that leads to hoarding, rivalry and war.  Likely the shaman priests considered their temples a great investment that would be lost within a migrating culture.

The Sumerian culture in Iraq is brewing beer and it is believed this practice is well established at this time.  Evidence of wine making at Godin Tepe, Iraq also dates to this period and experts suggest it likely originated about 8,000 B.C.  The Sumerian culture would begin replacing the Ubaid culture by about 3,000 B.C.  It is believed the Sumerian delineated from the Ubaid by adopting private ownership of fixed and movable property.  As a result the first signs of slave girls appears about this time.  Male slavery appeared later and in fewer numbers.  It is unclear how these people shifted from God owing all things to man owning all things.  It’s a simple step from private ownership to slavery.  Girls are the obvious targets as they are intrinsically evil.  The Judo-Christians would eagerly adopt this regressive belief as would Islam.  The only difference is that Islam would not accept one Moslem being the slave of another Moslem.  The Judo-Christians had no problem enslaving one of their own faith.  The began to create City States between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers.  Writing began to immerge reaching its peak about 3,000 B.C. when it evolved from pictographs to more abstract symbol's.  

Some believe the Mesopotamian culture incorporated a slave class along with their city state concept about this time.  Some slaves were indentured for 3 years then set free but those captured were branded, shackled in chains for life.   Some attempt to suggest that the creation of cities requires employment of slaves to sustain their creations.  Egypt however had few if any slaves until after 700 B.C.  The concept of slavery likely is tied to the city king/god evolving belief that require obedient followers.

Egyptian tradition suggests the diggers of canals ruled over the water provinces.  This differs from the Sumerian tradition that says the King high priest ruled over the people.  The first known use of papyrus dates to this period.  It is noteworthy that the Egyptian Priesthood remained fairly consistent over the next 2,000 years.  Unlike most other priest class the Egyptian priesthood did not conduct temple prostitution.  Most Egyptian priests married and were succeeded by their children.  Regulations concerning sex, were very stringent in every era and priests were obliged to fast before and after ceremonies.

The Semitic-Canaanite is believed settled in the Jordan Valley between Tel Aviv and Jerusalem evidenced by a Stonehenge type structure.

The city of Ashkelon on the Mediterranean coast of present day Israel is believed occupied about this time as a major seaport on the trade route between Turkey, Syria and Egypt.  It was destroyed in 604 B.C. and again in 1270 A.D. for the final time.

Other studies show that Mayans, Incas and Auracanians are all virtually 100% group O, with 5-20% of the population being rhesus negative. This was the blood of the original Europeans, traditionally called the blood of royalty (blue blood) and stems from Cro Magnon man. The races that possess this blood are races of the Americas, the Canary Islands, the Basques, Scandinavians, Celts, as well as some Polynesians.  The Rhesus positive Asians arrived in America 5,500 years ago.  This would have proved disastrous, for the already decimated population of Red Heads, as a rhesus negative mother who gives birth to a rhesus positive baby develops antibodies against rhesus positive blood and is then unable to successfully have any more children without the help of modern medicine.

The Nubia Culture of the Sudan is believed to have emerged about this time.  It is noteworthy that they rulled all of Egypt from 760 B.C. to 660 B.C..

Brittany's in the N.W. corner of France contains close to 3,000 ancient stones some weighing several tonnes and standing 3 1/3 meters tall.  Smaller examples are found in Portugal, Ireland, Scotland and else ware.  Near Carnac is a menhir of 300 tonne and 20 meter high, now toppled.

Kazakhstan researchers suggest that domestication of the horse was evident in the Botai culture.  The horses teeth show signes of having been bridled and Botai pottery contained traces of horse milk.

The Hongshan culture in Northern China existed from 3,500 B.C. to 2,500 B.C. 

The Liangzhu culture in South China existed from 3,500 B.C. to 2,500 B.C.

Cultures such as the Hongshan in the northeast and the Liangzhu in the southeast produce an astonishing range of figurines, adornments, and implements made of jade (nephrite), and often decorated with engravings or low-relief carvings. In addition, unusual (for China) clay sculptures of women with protruding stomachs (probably indicative of pregnancy), a few lifesize, are found in sites associated with the Hongshan culture such as Dongshangzui and the "Temple of the Goddess" in Liaoning Province.

The Egyptians began measuring time.  Eventually they divided the day and night into 12 hours each and track time using sundials.  The only problem, their hours are not all the same length..

3,400 B.C.  

Trade between Mesopotamia and Meluhha or the Indus Valley is suggested from earliest recorded times.  The Sumerian culture is developing pictographic writing, copper metallurgy, and the use of the potter's wheel.  They also gave us the confusing measurement of time by units of sixty.  Over cultivation is considered by some as a major reason for the decline and fall of Mesopotamia and the loss of the Garden of Eden.  Others suggest a climatic change is responsible.

The Maadi people of Egypt are using copper and are conducting trade with the Palestinian culture.  The Egyptians believed that the soul goes to heaven and the body returns to the earth.  Later, the Egyptians would mummify the body and that is inconsistent with this belief.

Tomb painting 3,400 to 1,500 B.C. suggest that the sports of running, swimming, rowing, archery and wrestling are common along the Nile Valley.

Chinese herbalist dates to this period when Shen Nung invented agriculture and noted that many plants had medicinal value.  He recorded 237 herbal prescriptions using dozens of herbs including ephedra, rubarb and opium poppy.  He tested herbs on himself and died after consuming too much of a herb that is poisonous.

3,300 B.C.  

Construction of Stone-Hinge began before 3,300 B.C., on the Salisbury Plain, is a Druid structure.  Their iron weapons secured their position of supremacy over others.  Only Druid priests could offer sacrifices and decide legal questions that are the basis of their priesthood's great influence.  They did not rule the people like the Sumerians.  The building of megalithic monuments are found throughout the world and it is believed to be associated with agricultural, astronomical observation, burial rites and other significant purposes.  In the archaic temples of E-Anna in Uruk writing for the first time appears in the form of pictographic tablets.  They are too complex to represent a first attempt and likely represent a longer tradition on wood or some other such substance.

It is generally believed that the iceman discovered at the 3,210 meter height 92 meters south of the Austrian/Italian border died at this time being shot in the back by an arrow.  He was a small man, 5' 2.5" and aged 46 years.  He originated in central-northern Europe vs, from Mediterranean Peoples.  Bread made from einkorn wheat was identified in his gut, as was red deer, alpine ibex (wild goat) meats and other plants. 

The people of Urak, Iraq are using the sail, potters wheel, a swing-plough and are working bronze, gold and silver.

It is believed the Liangzhu dynasty of China started 3,300 B.C. and lasted to 2,200 B.C.  Carved jades were produced by people of the Liangzhu culture (3300-2200 B.C.), which flourished at some three hundred sites in the Yangzi River basin near modern Shanghai, China.

The Majiayao culture (3,300-2,050 B.C.) also flourished in China.

3,250 B.C.  

The first recorded use of a wheel is recorded in Sumerian tablets.  It is believed that the Sumerian is sailing the Persian Gulf and Red Sea trading with the Egyptians.  Some believe the Sumerian introduced writing to the Egyptians and other technology advances about this time.  Jemdat Nasr cylinder-seals are found in Egypt.  They likely introduced their Kingship concepts and the evils of women.

Egyptian King (Pharaoh) Scorpion I of Abydos united Upper Egypt and used wine with medical additives in jars, found in his tomb.

3,220 B.C.  

Rosette-Scorpion (Scorpion) of Hierakonpolis who reigned before 3100 B.C. in Upper Egypt is known for digging a canal.  Mesopotamian cylinder seals have been found in Egyptian cemeteries.  Pictograph writing, art and architectural elements are also identified as trade stimuli from Mesopotamia.

The Austronesian family of languages is believed to have originated in Taiwan this year.  

3,200 B.C.  

Stone villages (megalithic monuments) are being constructed on the Orkney Islands.  The Orkney Pict practiced excarnation, bodies are exposed allowing the flesh to rot and the bones are buried in chamber tombs.  Some tombs contained three hundred people.  Some eighty burial chambers are identified.  The village includes the use of  covered streets.  Pottery and jewelry are in use.  The Orkney people appear to be of a peaceful cooperative tribal tradition practicing excarnation like many North American traditions.  About this time the Celts of Wessex (England) has agriculture and also practices excarnation.

The Egyptian Spirit-god of Osiris, the Spirit-god of the Nile, ruler of the dead personified goodness where as the Spirit-god Set his brother who killed Ossiris represented evil.  This could be the basis of the Cain and Abel legend but more fundamental an ancient belief that God can be responsible for both good and evil.  This duality of God or multi attribute collection of gods or spirits still dominates the Christian Church belief in the Trinity of God concept.   Most ancient people held that one of Gods perspectives dominated as the supreme God usually the God Sun or the Son of God.  Reference the Egyptian one Sun God Aton of 1,400 B.C. that is likely the basis of the Semitic-Hebrew one God belief of Yahweh.

The Egyptians are importing cedars from the Phoenician traders of Byblos, Phoenicia (Palestine)

Arch construction long attributed to the Romans is understood by the Sumerians at this time, maybe earlier.

One of the oldest stone circles in England is called Castlerigg Stone Circle in Keswick Lake District, England, that consists of 38 stones.  Excavation has yielded few artifacts, a stone axe and charcoal..

3,123 B.C.  Using computers to recreate the night sky thousands of years ago, scientists have pinpointed the following sighting to shortly before dawn on June 29 in the year 3123 B.C.

June 29: A legendary asteroid over a kilometer in diameter (1/2 mile) at a low angle struck a mountain top and exploded above Koefels, Australia producing a fire ball, causing a massive landslide (3 miles wide and a quarter of a mile thick) (5km wide, 500 m thick), that has long puzzled scientist, as to cause.  Debris was ejected into the stratosphere which fell back to earth causing the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah in the Dead Sea Area, along with other anomalies around the world.  "Then the Lord rained on Sodom and Gomorrah brimstone and fire from the Lord out of Heaven; and he overthrew those cities and all the valley, and all the inhabitants of the cities ... [Abraham] looked down toward Sodom and Gomorrah and toward all the land of the valley, and beheld, and lo, the smoke of the land went up like the smoke of a furnace."   It is believed it plunged the world into a violent deep freeze, a minor ice age.   The first clue to this event was an Assyrian scribe in 700 B.C. making a copy of a cuneiform tablet of a Sumerian astronomer's notes of the sky recording the asteroid and it's trajectory among the stars which could be modeled back to this approximate date by modeling the stars in his chart and determining the point of impact.  He referred to the asteroid as a "white stone bowl approaching" and recorded it as it "vigorously swept along."  
The following significant events are traced to this approximate date, and fallout around the world have been dated to this period:
    3114 B.C. Maya calendar started based on astronomy.
    3102 B.C. Hindus count time from this the beginning of Kali Yuga Time Cycle and the end of Dvapara Yuga cycle
    3100 B.C. Stonehenge construction is believed to have started about this time.
    At least 20 ancient myths record devastation of the type and on the scale of the asteroid's impact.
    Ancient Greek myth of how Phaeton, son of Helios, fell into the River Eridanus after losing control of his father's sun chariot.
    Sometime prior to 3,100 B.C. amidst the highlands of northern Hindustan dark skinned men from the East brought the ancient knowledge of astrology to the west or so reported the Egyptian and Anatolia (Greek) tradition. 
    The belief of a god-King emerged during the Egyptian 1-3 Dynasties (3100-2613 B.C.) after extensive contact with the Sumerian culture, its noteworthy that the Egyptians considered the God concept as a good God whereas the Sumerians considered God as a vengeful God distinct and apart from mankind.  This would be understandable if they received the brunt of the asteroid.

3,102 B.C.  

Hindus count time from this the beginning of Kali Yuga Time Cycle.
 

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