The Jesuits are charged with practicing witchcraft

FRENCH HISTORY 1650-1654

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Roger Williams pushed the principle that Indian religion was as equally acceptable to God
as Christianity was, and even the free thinking puritans considered it heresy.

 

1644  

Four marriages, ten births and nine deaths are recorded in Kebec, New France.

(II)-Marie Archambault, (Metis?) b-1644, daughter (I)-Jacques Archambault (1604-1688), and Francloise Toureau, sauvageese, (1600-1663); married November 27, 1656, Ville-Marie (Montreal), Gilles Lauzon.  Some say the Archambault family arrived New France, 1656, others say August 5, 1645 and others September 23, 1646.

Kebec, birth (II)-Alexander Brossard, died January 14, 1688 Ste Famille son (I)-Antoine Brossard b-1609 and Francoise Mery b-1621, sudden death July 11, 1671 Quebec, before 1637 she lived in a large house in Kebec, possible sauvagesse?.

(I)-Martin Duclos a soldat is at Kebec.

Jean Juchereau de la Ferte son Jean Junchereau seignereau du Maure married Marie Francoise, age 11 years, 5 months daughter sieur Giffard.

(I)-Jean Poisson married likely Kebec Jacqueline Chamboy b-1628, epouse Michel Pelletier de le Prade 

Rhode Islanders proposed that unity can be achieved by adopting a common principle of religious liberty.  Roger Williams of Rhode Island pushed this principle to the point of heresy among the Puritans when he proclaimed that maybe the Indian religion is equally acceptable to God as with Christianity.

Father d'Endemare wrote:  It is almost impossible to make either peace or war with these barbarians (Iroquois).  Not peace because war is their life, their amusement, and their source of profit all in one.  Not in war because they make themselves invisible to those who seek them and only show themselves when they have heavy odds in their favor.  Go to hunt them in their villages and they fade into the forest.

The Jesuits believed the Huron (Wendat) represented the door to the west, as far as China, that is full of Nations more populous than the Huron.  Towards the south, we see other Peoples beyond number, to whom we can access only by means of this door at which we now stand.

Father (I)-Jacques Buteux (1600-1652) noted that the Captains of the Savages are very poorly obeyed by their People, because they use no violence.  He encouraged them to use sticks on their backs.

Father (I)-Jacques Buteux (1600-1652) ordered the public beating of a Savage for beating his wife for an act of disobedience.  The Jesuit appear unaware that violence begets violence.  

An overly zealous neophyte, at Tadoussac, who shaves his head like the Jesuit, uses a whip of rope to beat the people to prayer, if they do not respond fast enough.

Madame de la Peltrie journied to Tadoussac to wintess the brutalities.

Father Ignace, a Jesuit responsible for the Mission at Tadoussac, represents the most infamous of the Black Robes.  He believed that guided by the Holy Ghost, flagellation and whipping, as a penance, is to be inflected upon the Savages.  The good Father provided the whip and the little children are stripped naked, before the alter of God, to receive up to twenty five blows for their transgressions.  Some children were still at the breast.  Some mothers used their rosaries to beat the children.  The Jesuit considered this perverted practice as a Holy Ceremony.  It is noteworthy that before the Jesuit arrived an Indian never raised a hand to any child, for any reason and the men offered themselves, for punishment, threatened against a French boy.  This perverted European practice is surely the work of the Devil and a clear indication that the Jesuit walk in the Darkness.   It is noteworth that a religious Nun in 2002 in Canada received 8 months in prison for doing the same things as Father Ignace.  Father (I)-Jean De Quen (Dequen) (1603-1659) preceded Father Ignace and condoned the practice, Father (I)-Jacques Buteus (1600-1652) preceded Father (I)-Jean De Quen and also approved of this type of brutality.  The fact that it was published suggests this was a common practice.

Queen Mother Anne of Austria responded to the appeals of the Society of Montreal and sent 60 soldiers to deal with the Iroquois problem.

January:  marriage, Kebec, (I)-Martin Prevost, b-1611, died January 26, 1691 to Marie Oliver Sylvestre Manitouabewich, Huron or Algonquin, b-1620 daughter Roch Manitouabewich and Outchibaha Manikoue, 2nd marriage November 8, 1665 (II)-Marie D'Abancour, b-1618, veuve de Godfroy Guillot.   

February 25: Kebec, birth (II)-Jean Cote, Metis, son (I)-Jean Cote, d-1661and (II)-Anne Martin, Metis, d-1684: 1st married November 11, 1669, Kebec, Anne Couture: 2nd marriage February 25, 1686, Kebec, Genevieve Verdon.

March 19: Kebec, birth (II)-Jeanne Peltier daughter (I)-Nicolas Peltier, d-1675 and Jeanne Roussy, b-1622, died December 12, 1689, Sorel; married January 29, 1659, Quebec Noel Jeremie.

March 30:   (I)-Paul de Chomedey de Maisonneuve and 30 settlers repelled a large war party of Iroquois intent on taking Ville-Marie (Montreal).  (I)-Guillaume Lebeau died this day killed by the Iroquois, as was Pierre Bigot and Jean Mattemasse

April 11, Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Jeanne Godfroy, died June 28, 1713, Quebec daughter (I)-Jean Baptiste Godfroy de Linctot, b-1608-1681) and Marie LeNeuf b-1612-1688);

April 15: Kebec, birth (II)-Marie Boucher daughter (I)-Marin Boucher (1589-1671) arrived Kebec 1619, 1st marriage 1625 Julienne Barry; 2nd marriage 1631 Perinne Malet (1606-1687); married November 6, 1656 Kebec, Charles Godin

April 29:   Father (I)-Francesco Gioseppi Bressani (1612-1672) is captured by the Iroquois near Fort Richelieu, at the mouth of the Richelieu River, but escaped and returned to France in November 15.

May 1: Kebec, marriage (I)-Masse Joseph Gravelle (1616-1686) to Marguerite Tavernier (1627-1697)

May 5: Kabec, birth Charles Brossier son Jean Brossier and Marguerite Banse.

May 15: Kebec, marriage (I)-Pierre Masse to (II)-Marie Pinel De La Chenaire

May 22: Kebec, marriage (I)-Cesar Leger and 1st marriage Roberte Gadois; 2nd marriage August 26, 1647, Kebec Marguerite Berard.

June:  Kabec, five ships arrived, the Dauphin at 200 tonnage captain Baudouin, the Saint Clement at 120 tonnage captain J. Guyonneau, the Vierge at 120 tonnage captain H. Bourget, an unnamed ship admiral Courdon and the Nortre Dame at 250 tonnage for Ville-Marie (Montreal).

June 4: Kebec, birth/death (II)-Anonyme Jolliet child (I)-Jean Jolliet (1574-1651) and Marie D'Abancour dite La Caille

July 25: Kebec, birth (III)-Catherine Sevestre, died January 24, 1670, Quebec daughter (II)-Charles Sevestre, died December 9, 1657, Kebec and Marie Pichon, died May 4, 1661, Quebec.

July 30:  Kebec, birth (II)-Martin Etienne, Metis, died September 10, 1644, Kebec son (I)-Claude Etienne b-1610 and (II)-Helena Martin, Metis b-1627, epouse September 3, 1647, Kebec, Jean Chouard

August 10: Kebec, birth (II)-Genevieve Marsolet, Metis, daughter (I)-Nicolas Marsolet De St. Agnan (1601-1677) and Marie La Barbide, savage or Metis (1620-1688), epouse May 8, 1681, Quebec, Denis Lemaitre: married September 4, 1662, Quebec, Michel Guyon 

August 29:  Kabec, birth (II)-Anne Bourdon, Metis, died November 4, 1711 Quebec,  daughter (I)-Jean Bourdon, attorney general and engineer chief,  died January 12, 1668, and Jacqueline Potel, most likely a sauvagesse or Metis, d-1654. 

September 7:  Twenty two soldiers are dispatched to the Huron Country for one season.

October 8:   Hotel Dieu is opened at Ville-Marie (Montreal) by Jeanne Mance. 

October 21: Kebec, birth (II)-Marie Sedilot daughter (I)-Louis Sedilot (1600-1672) and Marie Grimoult, b-1606: married 1st, August 16, 1660, Quebec, Julien Trotier; married 2nd, Rene Blanchet

November 3:  Kebec, marriage (I)-Martin Prevost, b-1611, died January 26, 1691 Beauport to Marie Oliver Sylvestre Manitouabewich, Sauvagesse, (1626-1665), daughter Roch Manitouabewich and Huron wife and was the adopted child of (I)-Oliver Tardif (Letardif) (1601-1665) and was living with (I)-Guillaume Hubou and Marie Rollet, veuve (I)-Louis Hebert (1575-1627).  Others suggest the marriage was January 3, 1644 and the witness were (I)-Oliver Letardiff (1601-1665) and (I)-Quillaume Couillard, d-1663.  Prevost second marriage November 8, 1665, Quebec (II)-Marie D'Arancour, b-1618, Veuve October 9, 1639, Kebec, Jean Jolet and veuve October 19, 1651, Kebec, de Godfroy Guillot dit Lavalet.  (II)-Marie was daughter (I)-Adrien D'Abancour, dit Lacaille and Simone D'Orgeville, b-1589, died January 14, 1649.  Some suggest this was the first 'recorded' marriage between a Frenchman and a savage.

1645  

Four marriages, ten births and one death are recorded in Kebec, New France.

(I)-Antoine Belliveau, b-1621 arrived Acadia, 1645, married 1643 (I)-Marie Andree Guyon.

(I)-Eloi Boileux is at Trois Rivieres.

(I)-Ambroise Cauvert, A Jesuit lay brother is at Kebec this year.

(I)-Charles Chevalier a surgeon, is resident in 1645 at Trois Rivieres, married a sauvagesse?, but not named.  One child is recorded (II)-Anne Chevalier, Metis, married Quebec, November 4, 1659, Quebec, (II)-Pierre Pinguet, b-1630, died April 22, 1704 Ste. Foye, Quebec. 

(I)-Medard Chouart des Groseilliers, (1618/21-1696), worked for the Jesuits (1645-1646) at Ste Marie in Huronia.

Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Marguerite Crevier Metis daughter (I)-Christophe Crevier Sieur de la Mesle and Jeanne Enard, Metis or sauvagesse b-1619; 1st married May 14, 1757 Trois Rivieres Jacques Fournier; 2nd marriage 1663 Michel Gamelin; 3rd marriage August 21, 1683 Boucherville Francois Renou

(I)-Pierre Michel Lefebvre, (1616-1697) married about 1645, likely Trois Rivieres, marriage is to Jeanne Aunois aka Aunos, Onaus, Auneau (Nounau?), of the Indian Nation, (Algonquaine?) b-1621, died February 11, 1697, Trois Rivieres.

(I)-Jacques Le Neuf De la Poterie b-1606 Governor Trois Rivieres (1645-1648) and (1650-1651)

(I)-Guillaume Pepin dit Tranchemontagne (1607-1697) married likely 1645 Trois Rivieres to (II)-Jeanne Mechin, Metis b-1630 likely daughter (I)-Jean Mechin drown November 6, 1626 on his way to Trois Rivieres and unknown mother likely Indian or Metis..

New France only contained 600 residents and a few hundred engages (indentured slaves).  In comparison, this is smaller than a single large Iroquois village.  The New France culture, the grand utopian plan of Cardinal Richelieu (1585-1642), just did not appeal to the French citizens.  Freedom was not an option that the Roman Catholic Church was willing to offer.

Governor Charles Jacques de Huault de Montmagny (1583-1653) forbade the Algonquin and Wendat to torture their Iroquois prisoners because they would be disgraced to be outdone in clemency.    Governor Charles Jacques de Huault de Montmagny (1636-48) is recalled to France as the colonists and Maisonneuve of Fort Ville-Marie (Montreal) are not pleased with his governorship.  (I)-Louis d'Ailleboust, seigneur de Coulonge et d'Argenteny (born about 1612 Ancy-le-Franc, France died 1660 Ville-Marie (Montreal) became temporary Governor of Fort Ville-Marie (Montreal) (1645-1646).

(I)-Francois Marguerie, an interpreter, married and settled down at Trois Rivieres.  Later, (II)-Jean Amyot b-1635 and (I)-Francois Marguerie are crossing the St. Lawrence River near their homes and are caught in a storm.  Marquerie drown.  (I)-Pierre Boucher (1622-1717) also settled at Trois Rivieres with his Indian girl and likely his Metis children..

The Hiroquois were on the Saint Lawrence River on a foray when Simon Pieskaret, a Captain of the Algonquin perceived them, he prepared an ambuscade and captured them, turning them as prisoners to the French.

January 23: Kebec, birth (II)-Marguerite Brossard daughter (I)-Antoine Brossard b-1609 and Francoise Mery b-1621, sudden death July 11, 1671 Quebec, before 1637 she lived in a large house in Kebec, possible sauvagesse?: married March 4, 1658, Quebec, Jean Lemelin.

January 30: Kebec, marriage (I)-Etienne Lafond, (1615-1665) to (II)-Marie Boucher, d-1706. 

January 30: Kebec, marriage (I)-Etienne Pepin, Sieur De Lafond b-1615, died September 15, 1665 Trois Riviers; married (II)-Marie Boucher (1630-1706) daughter (I)-Gaspard Boucher 

February:  (I)-Menou D'Aulway de Chranisay (1604-1650) received word from two Friars that La Tour's fort was only defended by 50 men.  He lost no time in attacking the fort but on first encounter lost 20 men with 13 wounded before he withdrew.

February 6: Kebec, marriage (I)-Claude L'Archeveque to Marie Simon

February 12: Kebec, birth (II)-Marguerite Gagnon, daughter (I)-Jean Gagnon (1611-1670) to Marguerite Cochon, b-1620. married November 16, 1661, Chateau Richer, Jean Caron

March 6:   The Company of New France agreed to assign its fur trade monopoly to the Kabec based Compagnie des Habirants or Habitants Company.  Fifteen businessmen, frustrated with the Jesuit control of trading, created the Compagne des Habitants, (Habitants Company) reserving its rights of ownership over all fur trade of New France.  The Jesuits suggest the onerous cost of settlement caused the transfer of the Company of New France to the Habitants of New France, but that they retained their seigniorial rights. It is noteworthy that the peasants, servants and slaves were not called inhabitants until the late 17th century.   The French colony established a Canadian Company (Community of the Habitants of New France) to restore the fur trade and finally  received the blessing of the Jesuit.  An overriding royalty of 1,000 pounds of fur is to be paid annually to the old company.  Over sixty Wendat (Huron) boat loads of furs arrived at the mission of the Mountain of Montreal, and, in 1646, this increased to eighty boats with thirty two thousand pounds of beaver pelts.  At this time, the whole St. Lawrence valley contained only six hundred registered French and a few hundred engages.  This is smaller than one large Native village.  France, at this time, is still not encouraging immigration to New France.  The Crown, however, sent engages or indentured workmen, bound for thirty-six months before they could became free.  More than half of the several hundred engages who arrived each year over the next ten years would stay on in the colony.  Many would escape their indenture by becoming Coureurs des Bois.

March 7: Quebec, birth, (II)-Elizabeth Langlois, Metis, daughter (I)-Noel Langlois dit Boisverdum, pilote (1606-1684), arrived Kebec 1634,  1st married Francoise Grenier (Garnier), born Montreal area, died November 1, 1665, Quebec: 1st married November 6, 1662, Quebec, Louis Cote; 2nd marriage December 15, 1669, Quebec, Guillaume Lemieux. 

March 23:  Kebec, birth (II)-Anne Martin, Metis, daughter of (I)-Abraham Martin dit L'Ecossais, b-1589, died September 8, 1664, Quebec and possibly a Matchonon (Huron) Savage and/or Marguerite Langlois, Metis, b-1611?, see 1624, 1609-1610; married November 12, 1658, Quebec, Jacques Rate

April:   After years of blockades and sporadic fighting, (I)-Menou d'Aulnay de Charnisay (1604-1650) of France attacked (II)-Charles de LaTour's (1595-1665) French stronghold of Fort Sainte Marie at St. John, New Brunswick.  LaTour was in Boston seeking help, so his wife since 1640 (I)-Francoise Marie Jacquelin (1602-1645) with 45 men held the Fort for three days against the attacking army of 200 men.  A Swiss guard was bribed and (I)-Menou D'Aulway de Chranisay (1604-1650) army gained access to the fort.  The advancing army however lost 12 killed and numerous wounded.  Francoise agreed to surrender the fort under condition the garrison would be spared.  Sieur Charnisay (1604-1650) agreed to the terms but upon possession he executed all the men except one who agreed to be the executioner.  (I)-Menou D'Aulnay de Charnisay (1604-1650), went down in the annals of Acadia as a villain.  Francoise being deceived and heart broken at the slaughter of her people died in a few short weeks.  It is noteworthy that Charnisay was a cousin of (I)-Isaac de Razilly (1587-1636).  This civil war effectively ruined both men and Charnisay was labeled as being hard, cruel and incapable of pity.  He lost all his friends in France.  He admitted taking 55,000 $ of worth of furs and probably got her personal 2,000 pounds.   (I)-Charles D'Aulnay (1604-1650) also had the decency of sending her baby back to France after her death.  Ironically (II)-Charles de LaTour's (1595-1665) would marry his widow after (I)-Charles D'Aulnay (1604-1650) death. 

April 13:    (I)-Francoise Marie Jacquelin (1602-1645) surrendered Fort Sainte Marie at St. John, New Brunswick, and Menou d'Aulnay, an arrogant man, of France hanged most of the surviving Frenchmen.  Mme La Tour died soon afterwards.  (II)-Charles La Tour (1595-1665) of Acadia, by 1646, became a fur trader in Kabec; likely a Coureurs des Boise.

May 2: Sillery, birth (II)-Denis Masse son (I)-Pierre Masse & (II)-Marie Pinel De La Chenaire; married 1672 Catherine Pinel

June 5: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Michel Dodier son (I)-Sebastin Dodier and Marie Bonhomme

July 14:   Peace is arranged by the arrogant Kiotsaton of the Iroquois, and the French and her allies by (I)-Charles Huault de Montmagny (1583-1653).

July 20, Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Joseph Godfroy,  son (I)-Jean Baptiste Godfroy de Linctot, b-1608-1681) and Marie LeNeuf b-1612-1688); married October 21, Trois Rivieres Catherine Poulain

August 5:  Kabec, five ships arrived the Cardinal at 300 tonnage, the Saint Sauveur at 150 tonnage captain Jean Paul Godefroy, two unnamed ships and the Notre Dame at 250 tonnage for Ville-Marie (Montreal) captain Charles Le Gardeur def Tilly.

August 7: Kebec, death (I)-Jacques Boisseau, b-1630

August 9: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Joseph Fafard son (I)-Bertrand Fafard dit Laframboise, b-1620, died November 3, 1660, Trois Rivieres and Marie Sedilot, b-1627, epouse February 16, 1681, Trois Rivieres, Rene Benard

August 29: Kebec, birth (II)-Joseph Giffard d-1706 son (I)-Robert Giffard (1587-1668) and Marie Renocard b-1659; married October 22, 1663 Quebec Michelle Therese Nau

August 29, the Journal of the Jesuits noted:  

           "Those who returned this year from the Hurons were Pierrot Cochon, Gilles Bacon, Daniel Carteron, Jean Le Mercier des Groseillers, Racine & Eustache Lambert who was a donne and had to go back & in fact he went back with the above said named; & in addition he was in charge of two calves".

September: (I)-Pierre Pijart, Jesuit is at Trois Rivieres

September 2: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Marie Madeleine Hertel daughter (I)-Jacques Hertel (1603-1651) (who was captured by the Iroquois) and Marie Marguerie epouse Moral de St. Quentin: married October 29, 1658, Trois Rivieres, Louis Pinar

September 7:  The 22 soldiers from the Huron Country returned with 60 Huron Canoes, laden with beaver.  Most if not all soldiers are involved in the fur trade.

September 21: Kebec, birth (II)-Louis Jolliet son (I)-Jean Jolliet (1574-1651) and Marie D'Abancour dite La Caille: married October 7, 1675, Quebec, Claire Francoise Bissot.

October:  Nicolas Giffar is working among the Huron for the Jesuit since 1641.  He agreed this year to work with Master Zacharie, a carpenter, for the next 5 years and both profit in beaver.

October:  Kebec, marriage (I)-Rene Mezeray aka Mezler, (1611-1695) to 1st September 25, 1641, Kebec, Helene Chastel; 2nd marriage 1645 Francoise Milot, died April 5, 1703, Pointe aux Trembles, espouse September 30, 1697, Quebec, Leonard Durord dit Lajeunesse; 3rd marriage October, 1645 Kebec, (II)-Nicole Gareman..

October 10:  Kebec, marrage (II)-Nicole Madeleine Gareman son of (I)-Pierre Gareman aka Garnier and Madeleine Charlot:  married Rene Mezeray 

October 10: Kebec, marriage Rene Mezeray to (II)-Nicole Madeleine Gareman b-1631 Kebec? daughter (I)-Pierre Gareman dit Garnier (in 1666 census) and Madeleine Charlot:

October 17:  Chrestiennaut was sent to Trois Rivieres in the employ of the Jesuits.  He had come to New France in the employ of Monsieur de Repentigny and was discontented, so he had resolved to retreat to the woods rather than go back to France.  He was not under written contract.

October 26:  Kebec, marriage (I)-Francois Marguerie d-1648 married (II)Louise Clotier (Cloutier) the daughter of Master (I)-Zacharie Cloutier, b-1631 and Xainte Dupont(1596-1677): epouse November 10, 1648, Kebec Jean Mignot.

October 26: Chateau Richer, marriage (II)-Louise Cloutier, b-1621, died June 22, 1699, Chateau Richer, daughter (I)-Zacharie Cloutier, (1590-1677) and Xainte Dupont (1596-1680): 1st married October 26, 1645 Chateau Richer, Francois Marguerie: 2nd marriage November 10, 1648, Kebec, Jean Migot: 3rd marriage February 3, 1684, Chateau Richer, Jean Mataut

October 29:  Five vessels departed New France with 20,000 pounds weight beaver skins for the habitants and 10,000 for the General Company.

November:  Wood is being sold for the first time in Kebec.

November 7, Kebec, marriage (I)-Pierre Delaunay, b-1616 died November 28. 1654 killed by the Iroquois, and (II)-Francoise Pinguet, d-1661, daughter (I)-Louis Henri Pinguet (1588-1671) and Louise Bouche, d-1649; epouse February 8, 1655 Vincent Poirier, .

November 7:  Monsieur (I)-Pierre Delaunay, b-1616, who arrived Kebec 1636 married (II)-Francoise Piguet (Pinguent) daughter (I)-Louis Henri Pinguet (1588-1671) and Louise Bouche, d-1649; 2nd marriage of (II)-Francoise Piguet (Pinguent) February 8, 1655, Quebec, Vincent Pierre.

November 7: Kebec, marriage Pierre Launay (1645-1654) to (II)-Francoise Bouchier (1625-1661) daughter (I)-Louis Henry Pinguet (1590-1671) and  (I)-Louise Lousche Boucher b-1589; 2nd marriage of Francoise 1655 Vincent Poirier 

November 7: Kebec, birth (II)-Fransoise Duquet, died September 15, 1719, Quebec daughter (I)-Denis Duquet (1605-1675) and Catherine Gautier, b-1627: 1st married January 19, 1660, Quebec, Jean Madry: 2nd marriage September 14, 1670, Quebec, Oliver Morel De La Durantaye

November 12:  Kebec, marriage Nicolas Macard married Marguerite espouse Jean Nicolet the explorer.

November 15:  A notice is posed at Trois Rivieres that no one is to trade with the savages.  The Jesuit at Kebec are concerned it might apply to them also.

November 15:  Vimont obtains des Chastelets's consent that the prohibition of trade with the Indians does not apply to the Jesuit fur trade, but they are told they must carry it out quietly.

November 21:  The vessel that operates between Kebec and Trois Rivieres was wrecked this year with a loss of 9 men.  Much of the cargo was saved.

November 21: Kebec: marriage (II)-Jean Juchereau De La Ferte, d-1685 to  (II)-Marie Francoise Giffard, died August 11, 1665, Quebec daughter (I)-Robert Giffard (1587-1668) and (I)-Marie Renouard b-1599:

November 23: Kebec, birth (II)-Marguerite Belanger, died January 22, 1703 Quebec, daughter (I)-Francis Belanger b-1612 and (II)-Marie Guyon (1618-1696): 1st married November 19, 1663 Chateau Richer, Antoine Berton dit Chatillon: 2nd marriage December 13, 1666 Chateau Richer, Louis Levasseur

November 27: Kebec, marriage  (II)-Jean Guyon DuBuisson, b-1620, died January 14, 1692/94, Chateau Richer son of (I)-Jean Gui (Guyon), d-1663 and Mathureine Robin, d-1662: married (II)-Elizabeth Couillard, born February 9, 1631, Kebec, died April 5, 1704 Chateau Richer, daughter  (II)-Guillaume Couillard, and (II)-Guillemette Herbert;

1646  

Four marriages, sixteen births and 15 deaths are recorded in Kebec, New France.

(I)-Guillaume Couture (Cousture) (1617-1702) is believed to have country married an Iroquois woman during his captivity but proof is lacking.

Michel Blanot dit Lafontaine married (I)-Elizabeth De Lugny, b-1627

(II)-Marie Lefebvre, Metis, likely born 1646, Trois Riviers or in the wild, daughter (I)-Pierre Michel Lefebvre, (1616-1697) and Jeanne Aunois (Onaus, Auneau, Auneau) of the Indian Nation, b-1621, died February 11, 1697, Trois Rivieres: married Andre Martel.

Kebec, birth (II)-Jacquess Boissel, died June 2, 1674, Quebec,  son (I)-Jacques Boissel b-1601 and Marie Eripert ou Heripel, (1611-1697)

(I)-Charles Drouillar, a farmer arrived Kebec

Kebec, birth (II)-Pierre Gagnon, died August 10, 1687 Ste. Anne, son (I)-Pierre Gagnon (1616-1699) and Vincente Desvarieux (1624-1695). married 1669 Chateau Richer, Barbe Fortin

Kebec, birth (II)-Madeleine Poulain, daughter (I)-Claude Poulain (1615-1687) and Jeanne Mercier (1622-1687): married Pierre Mauffis.

(II)-Pierre Esprit Radisson, Metis (1640-1710) was often in Trois-Rivieres and is considered a true Coureur des Bois.  He married at least three times, one being Elizabeth Hainault, 1656, Trois Rivieres, daughter Madeleine Hainault; another one being the daughter of one of the Kirke Brothers, John Kirke, in England.  He likely had many country wives during his long life in the country.  He had at least 9 known children and became a citizen of England in 1687.   (See Radisson 1631)

Peace, Union, and concord have flourished this year in the Island of Montreal.

During a religious procession, one's profession represented their social standing in the following order:  carpenters, masons, sailors, toolmakers, brewers and bakers, naturally the clergy are first.   

The Superstitions and the Sorcerers (medicine men or sometimes those not Christian) are banished from Saint Joseph at Sillery, Kabec.

Jesuit (I)-Father Gabriel Lalemant (1610-1649) arrived in Fort Kabec.  (I)-Medard Chouart Des Groseillier (1618-1696?) had become a disciple of the Jesuit fathers and is serving as a lay assistant at their Wendat (Huron) mission near Georgian Bay.

Free-traders are again threatening the viability of the General Company of New France.  The King of France decreed that all trade goods shall be placed in the public stores and consigned by the Company merchants.  Public stores shall be located at Fort Kabec, Trois Rivieres and Fort Ville-Marie (Montreal).  Any goods imported and used as trade goods are subject to confiscation and the revoking and annulling of all passports.  Trading of wine and brandy with the Indians is under penalty of corporal punishment.

(II)-Charles La Tour, (1595-1665) visited Kebec to a hero's welcome, he had lost but won the hearts of the people and this was not lost on France.

(I)-Guillaume Couture (1617-1702) , judge of the Cote Lauzon, and faithful companion of P. Jogues.  In 1646 at Trois Riveres made a feast for the sauvage P. Jhandich an Iroquois.  He was given the name Acrika by Mr Nicolet to the joy of the Huron, Algonquins and Aunieonous.

Those who returned from the interior, Huronia, to Trois Rivieres this year are:

    Pierrot Cochon (Cauchon)
    (I)-Gilles Bacon, d-1654, married 1647 Kebec, Marie Tavernier, b-1632
    Daniel Carteron
    Jean Le Mercier
    (I)-Desgrosillers - (I)-Medard Chouart des Groseilliers (1618-1696)
    (I)-Racine - likely (I)-Etienne Racine, b-1607, married May 22, 1638 Kebec, (II)-Marguerite Martin, born January 4, 1624, Kebec,  d-1679.
    (I)-Eustache Lambert (1618-1673), married about 1656 Marie Laurence (1632-1686)

January 14: Kebec, birth (II)-Jean L'Archeveque, died April 6, 1699, Quebec son (I)-Claude L'Archeveque and Marie Simon

January 28: Kebec, birth (II)-Genevieve De Chavigny, died April 21, 1724, Quebec, daughter (I)- Francois De Chavigny, Sieur DeBerchereau and Eleonore, De Grandmaison, b-1619: 1st married May 2, 1660, Quebec, Charles Amiot: 2nd marriage October 23, 1680, Quebec, Jean Baptiste Couillard

February 1:   Father (I)-Anne de Noue (1587-1646), a Jesuit of noble birth, left Trois Rivieres for Fort Richelieu, about 40 miles away, but lost his way, just outside the Fort and perished in the snow.  He was not properly dressed, had no blanket or matches and ventured out in the middle of the night without a Savage guide.  The balance of his party arrived next day at Fort Richelieu and went in search of the good Father.  

March 17: Kebec, birth (III)-Elizabeth Boucher, died September 24, 1685, Quebec, daughter (II)-Francois Boucher, b-1626 and Florence Gareman, b-1629: married October 21, 1659, Quebec, Denis Guyon

April 6: Kebec, birth (II)-Genevieve Peltier, died December 17, 1717, Quebec,  daughter (I)-Nicolas Peltier, d-1675 and Jeanne Roussy, b-1622, died December 12, 1689, Sorel; married 1st. November 5, 1663, Quebec, Vincent Verdon; 2nd marriage Thomas Lefebvre.

May 4: Kebec, birth (II)-Noel Cote, Metis, son (I)-Jean Cote, d-1661and (II)-Anne Martin, Metis, d-1684: married Helene Graton

April 14: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Jacques Pepin Metis son (I)-Guillaume Pepin dit Tranchemontagne (1607-1697) and (II)-Jeanne Mechin, Metis b-1630; married November 16, 1671 Trois Rivieres, Jeanne Caiet 

May 21: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Jean LaFond son (I)-Etienne LaFond, (1615-1665) and (II)-Marie Boucher, d-1706: 1st marriage Catherine Senecal: 2nd marriage August 28, 1697, Batiscan, Catherine Ananontha. 

June 11: Beauport, was made the separation of two sharecropper farmers of the Jesuit lands at Beauport but (I)-Thomas Hayot stayed by agreement.

June 18: Kebec, marriage (I)-Antoine Martin dit Montpellier, d-1659 to (III)-Denise Sevestre, b-1628, died December 14, 1700 Quebec, daughter (II)-Charles Sevestre, died December 9, 1657, Kebec and Marie Pichon, died May 4, 1661, Quebec: (III)-Denise 2nd marriage August 4, 1659, Quebec, Phillippe Hepveu.

July: Quebec, birth (II)-Jean Baptist Trotter, died May 24, 1703, Batiscan, son (I)-Jules Gilles Trotter, b-1691, died May 10, 1655, Trois Rivieres and Catherine Loiseau, b-1596, died January 25, 1656, Trois Rivieres. 

July 8:  Charite (1641-1646), a Savage, is buried at the French cemetery, where her father is buried, implying she is a Metis. 

July 25: Kebec, birth (II)-Madeleine Racine Metis, daughter of (I)-Etienne Racine, b-1607 and (II)-Marguerite Martin, Metis (1624-1679); married November 22, 1661, Chateau Richer, Noel Symar.

September/October:  Four ships arrived Kebec, the Cardinal at 300 tonnage captain Pierre Legardeur de Repentigny, the Saint Sauveur or Neuf at 150 tonnage captain Paul Godefroy, the Petit Saint Christrophe at 50 tonnage captain I. Richard and the Notre Dame at 250 tonnage for Montreal captain Charles Legardear de Tilly.

September: Kebec (I)-Pierre Deschamps, b-1615, died October 2, 1695 Baliscan arrived Kebec.

September 24:   Father (I)-Isaac Jogues (1607-1646) and (I)-Jean De La Lande d-1646, a Jesuit woodsman, set out on another peace mission.  They are abandoned by their Huron guard at Fort Richelieu. Not taking the hint, they press on and are taken prisoner by the Iroquois.  

September 27: Kebec, birth (II)-Madeleine Marsolet, Metis daughter (I)-Nicolas Marsolet (Marsollet) De St. Agnan (1587-1677) and Marie La Barbide, savage or Metis, (1620-1688), epouse May 8, 1681, Quebec, Denis Lemaitre: married 1st. April 30, 1652 Mathieu D'Amours? married Francois Guyon..

September 27: Kebec, birth (II)-Jean Baptiste Trottier, died May 25, 1703, Batiscan son (I)-Jules Trotier (1590-1655) and Catherine Loyseau, d-1663.

October 3: Kebec, marriage (I)-Jean Paul Godfroy to (II)-Marie Madeleine Le Gardeur daughter (I)-Pierre Le Gardeur De Repentigny, lieut. goverueur, d-1675 and Marie Favery, died September 20, 1675 Qebec 
    (II)-Barbe Godfroy b-1648 Kebec 
    (II)-Charlotte Godfroy (1650-1720) Quebec 
 

October 18: Quebec, birth, (II)-Marie Langlois, Metis, daughter (I)-Noel Langlois dit Boisverdum, pilote (1606-1684), arrived Kebec 1634,  1st married Francoise Grenier (Garnier), born Montreal area, died November 1, 1665, Quebec: 

October 18:   Father (I)-Isaac Jogues (1607-1646) is put to death, and on October 19, (I)- Jean De La Lande d-1646, a Jesuit woodsman, is put to death by the Mohawk, claiming the Jesuit sorcery tainted their corn crops and the spread of smallpox.  The Wendat prisoners in the camp confirm their sorcery.  The Iroquois believed that the French intended to destroy the Iroquois as well as the Wendat.  It is noteworthy that the Roman Church considered sorcery  justifiable grounds for execution during this period.

October 28: Kebec, birth (II)-Genevieve Goulet, died December 14, 1646, Kebec, daughter (I)-Jacques Goulet (1615-1688) (who worked at the mill of Mr. Deschatelets) and Marguerite Maillier b-1631

November 4: Kebec, birth Marguerite Brossier died November 18, 1646 Kebec daughter Jean Brossier and Marguerite Banse

November 6:  (I)-Jean Mechin drown on his way to Trois Rivieres and is likely the father of Jeanne Mechin b-1630 who married 1645 Trois Riviers (I)-Guillaume Pepin dit Tranchemontagne b-1607 who arrived Trois Riviers 1633-1634?

November 6: Trois Rivieres, boat hit a tree and sunk.  Ten men died:

(I)-Jean Basque - (I)-Jean Fleury - (I)-Jean Fougereau - (I)-Jean Mechin - (I)-Jacques Arenaine de Tours - (I)-Guillaume La Sue - (I)-Jacques Cleque - (I)-Lafontaine - (I)-Goualt - (I)-Gaspard.

November 6: Trois Rivieres, (I)-Francois Gaspard Gouault arrived Kebec for Trois Rivieres.

November 12: Kebec, marriage (I)-Nicolas Macard dit Champagne, d-1659 to (II)-Marguerite Couillard, died April 20, 1705 Quebec, veuve Jean Nicolet

November 13:  Two Frenchmen from Ville-Marie (Montreal) are carried away by the barbarian Iroquois.

November 18: Kabec, birth Marguerite Brossier, died November 18, 1646, Kebec, daughter Jean Brossier and Marguerite Banse.

November 20: Kebec, birth (III)-Charles Sevestre, died April 9, 1661, drowned, Montreal, son (II)-Charles Sevestre, died December 9, 1657, Kebec and Marie Pichon, died May 4, 1661, Quebec.

November 25:  Trois Rivieres, marriage (I)-Jean Veron de Grandmenil du Bourg de Livaro, en Normandie to (II)-Marguerite Hayet dit Radisson, b-1632 daughter (I)-Sebastien Hayet dit Radisson de St. Malo and Madeleine Heraut: Marguerite epouse August 24, 1653, Quebec, (I)-Medard Chouart des Groseilliers (1618/21-1696) and (II)-Helene Martin.   (II)-Marguerite Radisson was living with (I)-Jean Baptiste Godfroy de Linctot (1608-1681) prior to this date.  She is said to have two half sisters (II)-Francoise Radisson, b-1636, Elizabeth Radisson, b-1638 and one half brother, (II)-Pierre Radisson, b-1636, living in New France at this time.

1647 

Fifteen marriages, nineteen births and eleven deaths are recorded in Kebec, New France.

LISTED AMONG THE FILLE DU ROI IN 1667 ?  
    Marie Deschamps, (around in 1643), married Pierre Pouillard, October 12, 1667 
    Marie Deschamps, (around in 1647),  married Michel Verret, Michel, dit Laverdure, October 13, 1669 Michel Verret, 
    Marie Deschamps, (around in 1656),  married 1672, Martin Marais dit Labarre, said his name was Labarre, 1672;  
    Possibility Marie Deschamps is a savague?

Port Royal, birth (II)-Martin Blanchard b-1647 Metis son  (I)-Jean Blanchard b-1611and (II)-Radegonde Joy Lambert b-1621/1629 (Metis). d-1686, daughter (I)-Jean Antoine Lambert and Marie Radegonde Kagijonais a MicMac;  married 1671 Marie Francoise Leblanc b-1653

Kebec birth (II)-Ignace Bonhomme, died April 22, 1711 Quebec son (I)-Nicolas Bonhomme dit Beaupre (1603-1683) and Catherine Goujet (1616-1679); married 1st January 12, 1671 Quebec Agnas Morin; 2nd marriage 1690 Anne Poirier

(I)-Mathieu Choret, died March 28, 1664, Quebec, married Sebastienne Veillon, b-1626, spouse August 25, 1664, Quebec, Pierre Aufroy 

Nicolas Garnier, d-1646, Kebec is at Trois Rivieres this year.

Kebec, birth (II)-Francois Peltier son (I)-Nicolas Peltier, d-1675 and Jeanne Roussy, b-1622, died December 12, 1689, Sorel; married 1st. about 1660 Quebec Dorothee La Sauvagesse, died April 13, 1661, Quebec; 2nd marriage September 26, 1661 Marguerite Mousseau

Kebec, marriage Julien Perrault to (II)-Marie Pelletier, daughter (I)-Guillaume Pelletier, b-1598 died November 28, 1657, Kebec and Michelle Morille (Mabile) (1592-1665)

(I)-Louis Prud'Homme, a bigamous, married 1647, Quebec to Anne Archambault, annulled 1651 as had wife in France.  Not listed Tanguay.

La Prairie a seigniorial near Montreal was conceded to the Jesuits.

Father Ragueneau, a Jesuit, believes they have been too severe towards the Wendat:  One must be very careful before condemning a thousand things among their customs, which greatly offend minds brought up and nourished in another world.  It is easy to call irreligion what is merely stupidity and to take for diabolical working something that is nothing more than human, and then one thinks he is obliged to forbid as impious certain things that are done in all innocence or, at most, are silly but not criminal customs.   This was certainly not the attitude of the other Jesuits.  It is noteworthy that the Wendat found little in the Christian way of life that appealed to them over their own religion.  The Jesuits attacked their most fundamental belief of freedom.  They attempted to undermine the centuries old religious beliefs of the Indians, thereby destroying their culture.  The French hold their religious beliefs and cultural beliefs as two separate things; the Wendat held them as one.

Only six Huron (Wendat) arrived Ville-Marie (Montreal) to trade due to fear of the Iroquois who are roaming the country.

A Frenchman, named Chastillon, urgently desires to marry an Indian girl educated by the Ursulines but she rejects him as she prefers a husband of her own people, following the wishes of her parents.

(I)-Menou D'Aulnay de Charnisay (1604-1650) died and not a friend could be found to speak well of him.  The words used to describe him were rapacity, cruelty and tyranny.  (II)-Charles La Tour ventured to France and cleared his name and became absolute monarch of Acadia.  Upon his return he married the widow of (I)-Menou D'Aulway de Chranisay (1604-1650) to secure his position.

The assassination of Piescaret an Algonquin chief, marked the decline of the Algonquin and Huron territory.  The Iroquois reigned supreme in the greater part of known Canada until 1665.

January 7: Kebec birth Nicolas Hebert Aubert died May 14, 1657 Quebec

January 12: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Jacques Lefebvre, Metis, died February 19, 1720, La Baie du Febvre son (I)-Pierre Michel Lefebvre, (1616-1697) and Jeanne Aunois, of the Indian Nation, b-1621, died February 11, 1697, Trois Rivieres: married November 11, 1670 Trois Rivieres

January 27: Kebec, birth (II)-Jean Sedilot son (I)-Louis Sedilot (1600-1672) and Marie Grimoult, b-1606: married November 27, 1669, Quebec, Marie De La Hogue. 

February 2:  Kabec, birth (II)-Jean Francois Bourdon, Metis, son (I)-Jean Bourdon, attorney general and engineer chief,  died January 12, 1668,  and Jacqueline Potel, most likely a sauvagesse or Metis, d-1654. 

February 5: Kebec, birth (II)-Jeanne Drouin, daughter (I)-Robert Drouin (1606-1685) to (II)-Anne Cloutier, died February 3, 1648, Kebec: married November 10, 1659, Quebec, Pierre Maheu

February 7: Kebec, birth Antoine Brossier died February 26, 1649 Kebec son Jean Brossier and Marguerite Banse

February 9: Kebec, birth (II)-Pierre Gravelle, died September 29, 1677, Chateau Richer, son (I)-Masse Joseph Gravelle (1616-1686) and Marguerite Tavernier (1627-1697): married Madeleine Cloutier.

February 17: Kebec, birth (II)-Charlotte De Chavigny daughter (I)- Francois De Chavigny, Sieur DeBerchereau and Eleonore, De Grandmaison, b-1619: 1st married November 6, 1668, Quebec, Renee Breton: 2nd marriage September 2, 1709. Quebec, Jean Girou

March:  Beer is brewed for the first time at Sillery, Kabec.

March 4: Kebec, marriage, (I)-Julien Petau to Marie Peltier.

March 11:  The Saint Lawrence River ice begins to melt at the end of a 'winterless winter'.

March 27:   By Royal decree, the Council of Quebec was created, comprised of the Governor of New France, Governor of Ville-Marie (Montreal) and the Jesuit Superior.

May 2: Kebec, marriage (I)-Gilles Bacon d-1654 Kebec to Marie Tavernier b-1632

May 5: Kebec, birth (II)-Guillaume Boucher son (I)-Marin Boucher (1589-1671) arrived Kebec 1619, 1st marriage 1625 Julienne Barry; 2nd marriage 1631 Perinne Malet (1606-1687); married November 21, 1672 Chateau Richer Marguerite Thibaut.

May 10: Kebec, birth (II)-Charles Couillard, Metis, died May 8, 1715, St. Etienne de Beaumont, son (I)-Guillaume Couillard, d-1663 and (II)-Guillemette Herbert, Metis (1606-1684); 1st married January 10, 1668 Kebec, Marie Pasquier (1640-1685): 2nd marriage Louise Couture,

June 25:   The first horse arrived in Quebec from France and the Natives called it the French moose.  The horse imported as a gift to Governor de Montmagny by the Compangnie des Habitants, later disappeared.

June 25:  five ships arrived Kebec, one ship with captain Pierre Legardeur de Repentigny, the ship Ange Gabriel, the Saint Francois or Bon at 90 tonnage, the Notre Dame at 250 tonnage and the Marguerite at 70 tonnage, other ships arrived in August.

June 25:  The first horse is brought into Quebec.

June 25:  Fort Richelieu is abandoned.

June 25:  The priest of the Ursulines attempts to set his own price on some beaver skins; but these are confiscated, some 200 lbs., and taken from his room.  

July 3: Kebec, birth (III)-Noel Juchereau son (II)-Jean Juchereau De La Ferte d-1685 and (II)-Marie Francoise Gillard d-1665.

July 13: Kebec, birth (II)-Joseph Le Petit son (I)-Pierre Le Petit and Catherine Desnoyers

July 16:   Father (I)-Jean de Quen (1603-1659) discovered Lac Saint Jean and the route leading into the interior of Saguenay.  

July 27: Kebec, marriage (I)-Michel Chauvin, b-1617 married (I)-Anne Archambault (1631-1699) They had two children before it was discovered that (I)-Michel Chauvin was already married.  As a result on October 8, 1650 the marriage was annulled and he was banished from Montreal.  Epouse February 3, 1653 Montreal, (I)-Jean Gervais
    (II)-Paul Archambault Chauvin born March 27, 1650, died April 09, 17650 Montreal
    (II)-Marie Charlotte Chauvin born April 05, 1651 Montreal and died October 31, 1718 Pointe Aux Trembles..

August: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Jean Pepin Metis son (I)-Guillaume Pepin dit Tranchemontagne (1607-1697) and (II)-Jeanne Mechin Metis, b-1630; married November 23, 1683 Boucherville, Madeleine Louiseau 

August 2: Kebec, death (I)-Jean St. Leger, drowned

August 17: Quebec, marriage (I)-Antoine Pelletier to Francoise Morin, epouse January 28, 1648, Kebec Etienne Dumay.

August 23: Kebec, birth (III)-Marie Madeleine Guyon DuBuisson, daughter (II)-Jean Guyon DuBuisson, d-1694 and (II)-Elizabeth Couillard, d-1704: married November 24, 1661, Kebec, Adrien Hayot

September 3:  Kabec, marriage (I)-Medard Chouart, Sieur des Groseilliers (1618/21-1696) married (II)- Helene Martin, Metis born  June 21, 1627, Kebec, d-1651, daughter (I)- Abraham Martin (1589-1664) and Marguerite Langlois, Metis, b-1611; 2nd marriage 1653 (II)-Marguerite Hayet Radisson, d-1651, daughter (I)-Sebastien Hayet dit Hayot dit Radisson and Madeleine Heraut.  1st marriage Helene October 22, 1640, Kebec, (I)-Claude Etienne, b-1610, 

September 3: Kebec, marriage (I)-Marin De Repentigny, Sieur de Francheville, b-1619 to (I)-Jeanne Jallaut (1624-1708), epouse, September 9, 1654, Trois Rivieres, Maurice Poulain.  

September 11: Kebec, birth (II)-Marie Macard, died February 14, 1667 Quebec, daughter (I)-Nicolas Macard dit Champagne, d-1659 and (II)-Marguerite Couillard, died April 20, 1705 Quebec, veuve Jean Nicolet; married January 18, 1663 Quebec Charles Le Gardeur.  

September 19: Kebec, marriage (I)-Charles Guillebout (1617-1658) to Francoise Bigot b-1632, epouse May 8, 1658. Quebec, Denis Briere.

September 30: Kebec, marriage (I)-Mathurin Gagnon (1606-1690) to Francoise Boudeau, also Godeau (1634-1696)

October 3: Kebec, death (I)-Antoine Pelletier he drowned when his canoe capsized at Montmorency Falls.  His property reverted to his brother (I)-Guillaume Pelletier (1598-1657)

October 4: Kebec, death (I)-Gabriel Tru, killed during a meeting with the Iroquois.

October 8: Kebec, marriage (I)-Jacques Aubuchon dit LeLoyal a master carpenter to Mathurine Poisson, d-1681, he was involved in forty four legal cases in Trois Rivieres.

October 9: Kabec, birth/death Anonyme Brossier child Jean Brossier and Marguerite Banse.

October 14: Kebec, marriage (I)-Emery Caltaut (Cailleteau), b-1606, died June 2, 1653 Trois Rivieres to Marie Madeleine Couteau (Cousteau),b-1606, died September 10, 1691, Batiscan

November 3: Montreal, marriage (I)-Mathurin Meunier (Le Mounier. b-1619 to Francoise Fafart, (1624-1702)

November 13: Marriage (I)-Etienne Seigneuret, sieur de L'Isle, b-1620, died June 10, 1677, Trois Rivieres married (II)-Madeleine Benassis, died December 3, 1716 Trois Rivieres.  Daughter (II)-Marguerite was born November 16, 1653, Trois Rivieres.

November 15: likely Trois Rivieres, marriage (I)-Urbain Daudry dit Lamarche (1621-1682) to (II)-Madeleine Boucher (1634-1691)

November 18: Montreal, marriage (I)-Jean Desroches (1621-1684) to (II)-Francoise Gode b-1635 daughter (I)-Nicolas Gode (1583-1657) and Francoise Gaddis (1586-1689) Soeur de Pierre I.

December 3:   (I)-Medard Chouart Des Groseillier (1618-1696?) married Helene Martin, in Fort Quebec and settled down in Trois Rivieres; being the first wedding in several years (this is not true).  Helene is the daughter of a river pilot, Abraham Martin, whose land would become known as the Plains of Abraham.  Medard's second marriage after the death of his first wife, is to (II)-Marguerite Hayet dit Radisson,a half sister of (II)-Pierre Esprit Radisson, Metis, (1632-1710).  Pierre Radisson, at age 15, while out on a duck shoot, is captured by the Mohawks and taken to Lake Champlain.  He is adopted by the tribe and became an Indian.  He and a Algonquin escaped but were soon captured.  The Algonquian is killed and (II)-Pierre Esprit Radisson, Metis (1632-1710) is tortured but rescued by his adoptive family.  He later escaped to the Dutch Fort Orange near Albany, New York, worked as an interpreter for the Dutch, and then made his way back to Trois Rivieres- all before turning 21 years old. (see Radisson 1631)

December 15: Kebec, birth (II)-Guillaume Brossard son (I)-Antoine Brossard b-1609 and Francoise Mery b-1621, sudden death July 11, 1671 Quebec, before 1637 she lived in a large house in Kebec, possible sauvagesse?: married February 15, 1672, Quebec Catherine Louvet.

December 15: Kebec, birth (II)-Nicolas Goulet, son (I)-Jacques Goulet (1615-1688) (who worked at the mill of Mr. Deschatelets) and Marguerite Maillier b-1631: married November 24, 1672 Chateau Richer, Xainte Cloutier

December 18: Kebec, death (I)-Leonard Pichon de Limoges

December 21:  Kebec, birth (II)-Marie Madeleine Prevost, Metis , died February 5, 1648, Kebec, daughter (I)-Martin Prevost, (1611-1691) and Marie Oliver Sylvestre Manitouabewich, Huron or Algonquin, b-1620 

December 28: Kebec, birth (II)-Marie Madeleine Prevost, Metis, daughter (I)-Martin Prevost, (1611-1691) and Marie Oliver Sylvestre Manitouabewich, Sauvagesse, (1626-1665); 1st marriage unknown: married 2nd June 11, 1670 Ste Famille, Michel Aubin

1648  

Twelve marriages, thirty one births and twenty four deaths are recorded in Kebec, New France.  Some claim the first white child born in Ville-Marie (Montreal) was Barbe Meusnier.  There were 191 births to date in New France, and this might imply the majority are Metis. 

(I)-Boisvert a soldat is at Kebec.

(II)-Pierre Boucher, sieur De Gros Bois, seigneur de Boucherville, Governor Des Trois Rivieres, son (I)-Gaspard Boucher and Nicolas Lemaine; married about 1648 likely Trois Riveries 
1st. married Marie Madeleine Chretienne (Christian) Ouebadinoukoue sauvagesse; 
    (III)-Jacques Boucher Metis born December 11, 1649 Trois Rivieres
2nd married July 9, 1652, Quebec, (II)-Jeanne Crevier b-1636 daughter (I)-Christopher Crevier and Jeannie Enard b-1619 

(I)-Jacques Brisset b-1626, died December 1, 1701, Champlain, married likely 1647-48, Trois Rivieres, (I)- Jeanne Feteis (Fetive or Frontier) b-1626, died November 30, 1698 Champlain.

(II)-Jacques Brisset b-1648 son (I)-Jacques Brisset b-1626, died December 1, 1701 Champlain married likely 1647-48 Jeanne Feteis (Fetive or Frontier) b-1626, died November 30, 1698 Champlain: married Marguerite Dandonneau..

Kebec, birth (II)-Francoi De Chavigny son (I)- Francois De Chavigny, Sieur DeBerchereau and Eleonore, De Grandmaison, b-1619: 1st married June 19, 1675, Quebec, Antoinette De L'Hopital: 2nd marriage April 20, 1699, Beauport, Genevieve Guyon.

(I)-Jean Deschamps (de Beaclieu) arrived Kebec.

(II)-Anne Gaudin b-1648. Kebec daughter (I)-Elie Gaudin d-1672 and Ester Ramage, b-1624

(I)-Jean Gauldry, soldat is at Kebec this year.

(I)-Guillaume Isabel, d-1652 married this year Kabec Catherine Dodier, b-1628, epouse Pierre Le Pelle.

(I)-Chirurien Lacroix is at Montreal.

(I)-Nicolas La Morandiere (de) dit Le Depensier is in Kebec this year.

Birth likely Kebec? (III)-Ignace Le Gardeur, son (II)-Pierre Le Gardeau, d-1675 and Marie Favery, d-1675.

(III)-Charles Martin Metis b-1648 son (II)-Pierre Martin born La Rochelle and Madeleine Panis (Indian slave) de la Rochelle (see 1642); 1st married November 28, 1663 Montreal, Catherine Duval; 2nd marriage October 6, 1683 Boucherville, Marie Batanville b-1645, veuve Jean Fauconnier, epouse February 25, 1686 Boucherville,  Francois Cesar 

Kebec, birth (II)-Jean Peltier, Metis died November 2, 1692, Sorel, son (I)-Nicolas Peltier, d-1675 and Jeanne Roussy, Metis/Indian b-1622, died December 12, 1689, Sorel; married August 21, 1662, Quebec, Marie Manevely

Oliver Le Tardif married Kebec, (II)-Barbe Aymard, daughter (I)-Jean Aymard and Marie Bineau

In Massachusetts the act of 1648 made Indian wampampeag legal tender.  I was also noted that the Iroquois didn't have wampampeag so it was inferred they didn't reach the Atlantic coast.  However the sea shell to make wampampeag was very rare.

The mission of St. Peter on Manitoulin Island is established for the Ojibwa.  (I)-Louis de Coulonge d'Ailleboust (1612-1660) is appointed Governor (1648-51) of New France.  In Huron Country there are 19 Jesuit and 42 Frenchmen.  The Iroquois Nation launched a full-scale attack against the Wendat Nation; some 35,000 people.  The first series of encounters at Saint Joseph (Teanaostaise) resulted in 700 Wendat dead.  The Iroquois then turned toward the French Colony.  The citizens of Quebec, this season, are allowed to engage independently in trade, as the Iroquois had effectively severed normal Company trade.  Father Superior, Jerome Lalemant (1593-1673), complained that drunkenness at Tadoussac was becoming as bad as in Germany.  It is noteworthy that most Jesuits had wine on their own tables.

Jesuit Missions in Huronia included St. Michel (Scanonaenrat), St Joseph II (Teanaustaye), St. Ignace I (Taenhatentaron), Ste Marie II, St. Joseph I (Ihonatiria), La Conception (Ossossane), St. Louis, and St. Ignace III.  Huronia was divided into four clans: the Bear People (Attignaouantan), the Deer People (Tahontaenrat), the Cord People (Atinqueenonniahak) and the Rock People (Arendahronon). 

(I)-Louis d'Ailleboust, seigneur de Coulonge (1612-1660), returned to New France as Governor, from August 20, 1648 to October 4, 1651, to replace Governor Charles Jacques de Huault de Montmagny (1583-1653) of Fort Ville-Marie (Montreal).  The Jesuits were not pleased with his removal.

The Jesuit were fully aware that the faith is usually followed by afflictions in the country of this new world.  The history of plagues in Europe, taught the Jesuit that they were the carriers of disease.  The disease seized upon them, and followed them into the vary depths of their great woods, where it destroyed a great number of them.  The Savages believed these French are bringing disease to the People.  

The Savages believed those who venture to the Black Robes are going to seek disease.  The Jesuits say such talk is the Devil inspired.  The Jesuit however know that disease is spread from person to person.  The Savage say they are going because the Jesuit are their only means of commerce and trade.  

The Savages said when we obey the Great Manitou (God), my traps for bears, beavers and other animals never fail.  When we abandon our God, the Savages died of hunger and disease, because they amused themselves with certain words or certain prayers that were taught to them.  He had a vision and the souls of the baptized and of the un-baptized go, and that neither heaven nor the pit, but a place towards the setting sun, where they meet together.

The Jesuit say the disease and famine is nothing compared to the fires of hell.

The Governor of New France issued a decree (ordinance) that foreign liquors should not be sold under any circumstances.  French traders had been secretly selling foreign liquor to the Savages.  A second decree commanded was that, without exception , unbelievers and apostates should withdraw from the abodes of Christians.  These proclamations are read to the Algonquin, Wendat and Montagnais.  This proclamation divided families, reducing their ancestral customs and traditions and made the people more vulnerable to the Iroquois advances.  The Algonquion prophecy that the French are intent on destroy the Wendat is again remembered.  A Wendat is warned in a dream to throw down the Frenchmen's bell before it is too late.

The Jesuit speak of the fresh water sea to the west and two other lakes which are still larger further to the west.  Lakes Erie, Ontario and Niagara Falls is well known.

The Jesuits had established a policy of only selling guns to baptized Savages and, even with this incentive, only 15% of the Huron are baptized.  The Huron only had 120 guns, whereas the Iroquois guns numbered 500.  The Jesuits forbade converts to participate in public traditional feasts and celebrations.  They were instructed to abandon all their traditional religious practices which were the very foundation of their culture.  Christian warriors refused to fight alongside traditionalists.  The Huron's ability to defend themselves was being eroded.  Christian warriors were driven from their wives and mother's longhouses resulting in a rapid increase in divorces.

The Iroquois see that the Huron are gravely weakened by the Black Robes.  The Black Robes have brought disease and demoralization to the Huron Nation.  They make plans to attack this once powerful brother of theirs.

A vessel arrived Kebec with a number of sick which seldom happens.

The first fort and Chateau St. Louis was built by Governor Charles Huault de Montmagny in 1648.

January 12/25: Kebec, birth/death (II)-Marie Cote, Metis, daughter (I)-Jean Cote, d-1661 and (II)-Anne Martin, Metis, d-1684:

January 13: Montreal, marriage (I)-Louis Loisel (1617-1691) to Marguerite Charlot, b-1631 

January 21: Kebec, marriage (II)-Jean Cloutier, b-1621, died October 16, 1690, Chateau Richer, son (I)-Zacharie Cloutier, (1590-1677) and Xainte Dupont (1596-1680): married Kebec, (II)-Marie Martin, Metis, born April 10, 1635, Kebec, died April 25, 1699, Kebec

January 28: Kebec, marriage (I)-Etienne Dumay, carpeter b-1626 to Francoise Morin d-1666, veuve (I)-d'Antoine Pelletier d-1647

February 2: Kebec, birth/death (II)-Anonyme Chouart, Metis, child of  (I)-Medard Chouart, Sieur des Groseilliers, (1618/21-1696) and (II)-Helene Martin, Metis, (1627-1651), veuve October 22, 1640, Kebec, Claude Etienne, b-1610; 

February 5: Kebec, birth (II)-Jean Gagnon, son (I)-Jean Gagnon (1611-1670) to Marguerite Cochon, b-1620. married October 26, 1670 Chateau Richer, Marguerite Drouin

February 15: Kebec birth (II)-Marie Bonhomme,  daughter (I)-Nicolas Bonhomme dit Beaupre (1603-1683) and Catherine Goujet (1616-1679); married Jult 21, 1661 Quebec Jean Nau

February 15: Kebec, birth (II)-Jean Francois Belanger, died February 6, 1682 Cap St. Ignace, son (I)-Francis Belanger b-1612 and (II)-Marie Guyon (1618-1696): married November 17, 1671, Chateau Richer, Marie Cloutier

March 7:  Kebec, birth (II)-Charles Amador Martin, Metis, died June 19, 1711 Quebec second priest New France born, son of (I)-Abraham Martin dit L'Ecossais, b-1589, died September 8, 1664, Quebec and possibly a Matchonon (Huron) Savage and/or Marguerite Langlois, Metis, b-1611?;

March 25: Kebec, birth (II)-Jean Aubuchon, died September, 1655 Trois Riviers, son (I)-Jacques Aubuchon, d-1681 and Mathurine Poisson d-1681.

April 6: Kebec, birth (II)-Marie Jolliet daughter (I)-Jean Jolliet (1574-1651) and Marie D'Abancour dite La Caille: married April 6, 1660, Quebec, Francois Fortin.

April 28:  Jacques Douart (1626-1648) is killed, by a blow of a hatchet, at St. Marie, by the Huron.  Six  Captains had ordered the killing because the Christians are trying to ruin the Country, by reproving their faith.  At Fort St. Marie are 18 Jesuit Fathers, four coadjutors (assistants), twenty-three donnes (merchant traders), seven servants, four boys and eight soldiers.

May 18:  Two canoe of Hiroquois landed on the Island in sight of Fort Ville-Marie (Montreal).  Soldiers were sent to reconnoiter.  The Hiroquois said they had war only with the Algonquians not the French.

May 23: Trois Rivieres, death (I)-Francois Marguerie, from Normandy arrived Kebec 1617 as an interpreter to the Algonkins, lived with the Algonkins during the English occupation drowned crossing the Saint Lawrence River, near Trois Rivieres with his friend Jean Amiot.  Some reported that two Frenchmen, Francois Marguerie and (I)-Jean Amiot (Amyot) b-1635 drown in the Saint Lawrence River, in plain view of the habitants.  Others suggest Jean survived.

May 30: Kebec, birth (II)-Charles Delaunay son (I)-Pierre Delaunay (1616-1654) and (II)-Francoise Pinguet

June 1: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Marguerite Vernon daughter (I)-Jean Vernon de Grandmenil and (II)-Marguerite Hayet dis Radisson, b-1632  See Radisson 1631.

June 6: Kebec, death Nicolas Garnier who was at La Pointe Levis same day.

June 22: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Jean Grimard, died March 22, 1700 Batiscan, son (I)-Elie Grimard, b-1586 and Anne Perrin, (1619-1685): married 1662 Christine Reynier 

July 3: Kebec, birth (II)-Medard Blanot son (I)-Michel Blanot dit Lafontaine and Elizabeth Derlugny

July 4:  Father (I)-Antoine Daniel (1601-1648) a Jesuit, is killed by the Iroquois at Teanaostae near Hillsdale, Simco County, Ontario.  Both the Huron and Iroquois had vowed to kill the Jesuit so it should not be ruled out that all Jesuit deaths can be attributed to the Iroquois. 

July 4: Trois Rivieres, De la Chausse is killed by the Iroquois.

July 5:  Sillery, birth (III)-Genevieve Gareman daughter (I)-Rene Mezeray aka Mezler, (1611-1695) and (II)-Nicole Garman; 1st married January 24, 1661 Quebec Etienne Letellier, 2nd married 1676 Francois Dusault

July 13: Kebec, birth (II)-Jacques Leblanc, died November 29, 1660, Quebec, son (I)-Jean Leblanc, b-1620 to Euphrasie Madeleine Nicolet, b-1636:

July 30: Kebec, birth (II)-Jean Gagnon, died September 27, 1648 Kebec, son (I)-Pierre Gagnon (1616-1699) and Vincente Desvarieux (1624-1695).

August:  Kabec, four ships arrived, the Cardinal at 300 tonnage captain Jean Pointel, the Neuf or Saint Sauveur at 150 tonnage, the Saint Georges, the Notre Dame at 250 tonnage.

August 20, Kebec, (I)-Louis D'Aillebout, governor of New France, arrived Kebec, died June 7, 1660, Montreal, married Barbe De Boulogne, b-1618, died June 7, 1685, Kebec, daughter (I)-Florentin De Boulogne and Gertridude Phillippe, one child is noted (II)-Barbe D'Aillebout who married Jean De Lauzon.

September 4: Kebec, birth (II)-Barbe Godfroy daughter (I)-Jean Paul Godfroy and (II)-Marie Madeleine Le Gardeur daughter (I)-Pierre Le Gardeur 

September 21: Kebec, birth (II)-Gertrude Couillard, Metis, died November 18, 1664, Kebec, daughter (I)-Guillaume Couillard, d-1663 and (II)-Guillemette Herbert, Metis (1606-1684); married February 6, 1664 Beaufort, Charles Aubert.

September 24: Kebec, marriage (I)-Guillaume Banse to Marguerite Bigor.

September 28: Kebec, marriage (I)-Paul Chalifou, b-1618 to Jacquette Archambault, b-1632, died December 17, 1700 Quebec. 

September 28:  Kebec, marriage (I)-Urbain Tessier, (1624-1689) to (II)-Marie Archambault, (Metis?) baptised, 1636, died August 16, 1719 Pte Aux Trembles, Ville-Marie (Montreal), daughter (I)-Jacques Archambault (1604-1688), and Francloise Toureau, sauvageese, (1600-1663); married December 5, 1675, Quebec, Marie Cadieu  Some say the Archambault family arrived New France, 1656, others say August 5, 1645 and others September 23, 1646.  Some say Marie Archambault was baptised February 24, 1636 

September 29: Sillery, birth (III)-Pierre Boucher son (II)-Francois Boucher, b-1626 and Florence Gareman, b-1629: married 1672 Helene Gaudry.

October 1: Kebec, marriage (II)-Charles Le Gardeur de Tilly, b-1611, died November 10, 1695 Quebec son (I)-Rene Le Gardeur and Catherine De Corde, d-1657: married October 1, 1648, Kebec (II)-Genevieve Juchereau.  Charles was Governor Trois Rivieres  (1648-1650)

October 1: Kebec, marriage (II)-Charles Le Gardeur de Tilly, d-November 10, 1695, Kebec son (I)-Rene Le Gardeur sieur de Tilly. de Thury, en Normandie and Catherine De Corde, died July 7, 1757, Quebec: married (II)-Genevieve Juchereau, died November 5, 1687, Quebec, daughter (I)-Jean Juchereau

October 2: Kebec, birth (II)-Louise Marsolet, Metis daughter (I)-Nicolas Marsolet De St. Agnan (1601-1677) and Marie La Barbide, savage or Metis (1620-1688),  epouse May 8, 1681, Quebec, Denis Lemaitre

October 12: Montreal, marriage (I)-Leonard Lucault (Lukos dit Barbot) (1616-1651) to Barbe Poisson, b-1634, epouse November 19, 1651 Montreal Gabriel Celle Duclos. 

October 15: Kebec, birth (II)-Nicolas Boissel, died December 25, 1660, Quebec son (I)-Jacques Boissel b-1601 and Marie Eripert ou Heripel, (1611-1697)

October 17:  Ste Anne, birth  (II)-Martin Poulain, died January 16, 1710, Quebec, son  (I)-Claude Poulain (1615-1687) and Jeanne Mercier (1622-1687): married January 21, 1688 Ste Anne, Jeanne Barette 

October 19: Kebec, marriage (I)-Guill Gauthier de la Chenaye, d-1657 and Ester De Lambourg, b-1630  

October 25: Kebec, marriage (I)-Francois Bissot, Sieur de la Riviere, (1613-1678) to (III)-Marie Couillard, epouse September 1675, Quebec, Jacques de la Lande 

October 25: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Marie LaFond daughter (I)-Etienne LaFond, (1615-1665) and (II)-Marie Boucher, d-1706:

November 10: Kebec, marriage (II)-Louise Cloutier, b-1621, died June 22, 1699, Chateau Richer, daughter (I)-Zacharie Cloutier, (1590-1677) and Xainte Dupont (1596-1680): 1st married October 26, 1645 Chateau Richer, Francois Marguerie: 2nd marriage November 10, 1648, Kebec, Jean Migot: 3rd marriage February 3, 1684, Chateau Richer, Jean Mataut

November 10: Kebec, marriage (I)-Jean Mignot dit Chatillon to (II)-Louise Cloutier veuve Francois Marguerie, elle epouse February 3, 1684 Jean Pierre Mataut of Chateau Richer.  It would appear he might have had a daughter by a sauvagesse in February 1647.  He arrived 1643 and was living with the Ursulins in the savage quarters until this year learning French.  See below differing info.

November 10: Kebec, marriage (I)-Jean Mignot dit Chatillon b-1628 married (II)-Louise Cloutier b-1631 daughter (I)-Zacharie Cloutier (1590-1677) and Xainte Dupont (1596-1680).  Louise epouse October 26, 1645 Kebec Francoise Marguerie

November 15: Kebec, marriage (I)-Guillaume Griveran, b-1620 and Suzanne Bugeaux 

November 24: Montreal, birth (II)-Barbe Meuier, died December 3, 1648, Montreal, daughter (I)-Mathurin Meunier (Le Mounier. b-1619 & Francoise Fafart, (1624-1702)

December 4 Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Pierre Dodier son (I)-Sebastin Dodier and Marie Bonhomme: a son named (II)-Sebastien is also listed but no date of birth.

December 4: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Catherine Lefebvre, Metis, died November 30, 1705 Batiscan daughter (I)-Pierre Lefebvre, (1616-1697) and Jeanne Aunois, b-1621, died February 11, 1697 Trois Rivieres: she married Antoine Trotier: Two other children were born but no birth date listed, Marie a Metis, likely b-1646, who married Andre Martel and Jacques a Metis born Trois Rivieres (likely 1647) birth date was January 12, 1647, Trois Rivieres,   who married November 11, 1670, Trois Rivieres, Marie Baudry.

December 6: Kebec, birth (II)-Agnes Duquet, died April 4, 1702, Quebec, Ursuline, daughter (I)-Denis Duquet (1605-1675) and Catherine Gautier, b-1627:

December 20: Quebec, birth, (II)-Jean Langlois, Metis, son (I)-Noel Langlois dit Boisverdum, pilote (1606-1684), arrived Kebec 1634,  1st married Francoise Grenier (Garnier), born Montreal area, died November 1, 1665, Quebec: married December 5, 1675, Quebec, Marie Cadieu

1649  

Ten marriages, forty three births and twenty one deaths are recorded in Kebec, New France.  New France has nearly 1,000 inhabitants.

(I)-Martin Chauvin dit La Fortune, b-1619 married 1649 Gilette Ban, b-1629, epouse 1653 Jacques Bertant.

(I)-Nicolas Colson, b-1626, usher of Council, Kebec in 1649

(I)-Claude David, (1621-1687) married likely Trois Rivieres Suzanne De Noyon, b-1633 

(I)-Mathurin Guillet was at Trois Rivieres this year where he settled.

(II)-Pierre Lamoureux de St. Germain b-1649 son Jean Lamoureux; married Marguerite Pigarouiche sauvagesse b-1647.

February 15: Kebec, (I)-Abraham Martin dit L'Ecossais (1589-1664) is imprisoned on a scandalous charge concerning a girl 15-16 years old who was executed this year for theft. It is said this old pig Abraham had debauched the girl.  This could be the reason the birth and marriage records are not retained, the Jesuits likely cleared the files?

Fishing is almost a total failure in Kebec except for the sturgeon.

Famine is prevalent this year, more than has been since the French entered Quebec.  The Iroquois attacked Saint Ignace (Taenhatentarow) killing 400 Huron.   Fifteen Huron villages have been abandoned.

Jerome Le Rouer (Royer) de la Dauversiere, a co-founder of the mission of the Mountain of Montreal, is almost bankrupt and his goods are going to be seized.

Father (I)-Charles Garnier (1606-1649) believed the ruin of the Huron was clearly part of God's grand design and that now they would have to work among the more distant nations.  It was clear the Jesuit saw no fault among themselves.

Father (I)-Noel Chabanel (1613-1649) of Toulouse died, having been unable to learn the language thereby making him most ineffectual.  He also had a great aversion to the customs of these Barbarians.

Father Charles Albanel (1616-1696), a Jesuit, is stationed to Tadoussac, Quebec.
Only a few thousand Wendat remain out of a 30,000 people nation.
An ancestor of the Garneau Clan, (II)-Catherine Annennontak (Huronne), is born 1649, daughter (I)-Nicholas Arendanki of Arenda, Sainte Marie Madeleine, La Conception and Jeanne Otrihoandit.

Louis Gaudet Dufont, a Royal Commissioner, concluded that New France is governed by men without education or experience and that nearly all were incapable of resolving problems of any consequence.  

The Huron culture was in disarray. 50% were converted to Christianity by the Jesuits.  Many non-catholic Huron, being rejected by their wives longhouses, joined the Iroquois and played a leading role in taking vengeance against the Jesuits and their Christian Huron allies.  Some 700 Huron died this year or are captured by the Iroquois/Huron army.  Many more Huron would join the Iroquois against the French.  The Jesuits Father (I)-Jean de Brebeuf (1593-1649) and (I)-Gabrial Lalemant (1610-1649) were executed  for their crimes against the People.  Bruce Trigger notes:  "The situation would have been far worse for the French if the Huron traditionalists had been able to conclude an alliance with the Iroquois".

Kebec, a fleet of 6 ships arrived led by admiral Jean Paul Godefroy, the Cardinal at 300 tonnage, the Neuf or Saint Sauveur at 150 tonnage captain Jammes, the Bon-Francois at 90 tonnage, the Notre Dame at 250 tonnage, the Anglois and an unnamed ship captain Jean Poulet.

January 1:  Three soldiers in prison died of suffocation by the fumes of charcoal.

January 4: Kebec, death (I)-Louis Robichau, b-1609.

January 11: Montreal, marriage (II)-Francois Gode son (I)-Nicolas Gode (1583-1657) and Francoise Gaddis (1586-1689) Soeur de Pierre I; married (I)-Francoise Bugon, b-1626, St Pierre de Clermont, epouse September 26, 1667 Montreal Francois Bots.

January 11: Montreal, birth/death (II)-Anonyme Desroches child (I)-Jean Desroches (1621-1684) and Francoise Gode b-1636

January 19:  A female of age 15 or 16 is hung at Quebek (Quebec) for theft and Monsieur (I)-Abraham Martin, dit I'ecossois (1589-1664) a Scotsman is accused of violating (raping) her.  Some suggest a sixteen year-old girl in Quebec, sentenced to death for theft, escaped death by acting as her own executioner.  Still others suggest the executioner is a pardoned criminal and the girl is hung.

January 15/28: Kebec, Birth/death (II)-Paule Hebert daughter (I)-Augustin Hebert and Adriane Du Vivier, b-1626, epouse Robert Cavelier. 

January 29: Kebec, birth (III)-Joseph Guyon son (II)-Jean Guyon DuBuisson: married November 24, 1661, Kebec, Adrien Hayot: married Genevieve Cloutier

January 30: Kebec, birth (II)-Genevieve Gaudin, died December 4, 1726 Pointe aux Trembles, daughter (I)-Barthelemi Gaudin (1608-1697) and Marthe Coignat (1606-1689): 1st married October 29, 1665 Quebec, Antoine Boutin: 2nd marriage 1677 Jean Beland

January 30:  There are eighteen Jesuit priests in Wendat country.  The Jesuits (I)-Jean de Brebeuf (1593-1649) and (I)-Gabrial Lalemant (1610-1649) are killed at St. Louis.  The Iroquois saw the Jesuits as their trading enemies, and one thousand Iroquois and Hurons  attacked Taenhatentaron, killing or capturing three hundred and ninety Wendat.  The Iroquois knew that the Jesuits longed for martyrdom and they said, mockingly:  You see we are your friends because we will be the cause of your eternal happiness.  The more you suffer the greater will be your reward from your God.  The Huron Nation will be reduced from 25,000 or 30,000 people to about 1,000 this year as a result of their alliance with the French.  In just 40 years a Great Nation is utterly destroyed.  The Jesuits claim the destruction is the will of God.  The Indians do not believe God is a vengeful God, they rightfully blame the Black Robes and carry this message to the Ojibwa of the West and beyond.  It is noteworthy that the Jesuit especially Brebeuf are under sentence of death by the Huron Nation for evil activities.

January 31: Kebec, birth (II)-Eilzabeth De Chavigny daughter (I)- Francois De Chavigny, Sieur DeBerchereau and Eleonore, De Grandmaison, b-1619: married October 10, 1667, Quebec, Etienne Landron

January 31: Kebec, death (I)-Philippe Gosselin who was married to Vincente Despres.

February 7: Kabec, birth Antoine Brossier, died February 26, 1649, Kebec, son Jean Brossier and Marguerite Banse.

March 16:  About 1,000 Iroquois captured St. Ignace then went on to capture St. Louis.

March 17:  Father (I)-Gabriel Lalemant (1610-1649) a Jesuit, is killed by the Iroquois at St. Ignace of the Hurons, halfway between Coldwater and Vasey, Simco County, Ontario.  Father Jean de Brebuef (1593-1649) also is killed this date by the Iroquois.  Both the Huron and Iroquois had vowed to kill the Jesuit so it should not be ruled out that all Jesuit deaths can be attributed to the Iroquois. 

April:  An old man, head servant at the warehouse, suspected of theft, proved to be lost, it is believed he went to drown himself.

April 6: Kebec, birth (II)-Alexis Gravelle, died March 18, 1715, Quebec, son (I)-Masse Joseph Gravelle (1616-1686) and Marguerite Tavernier (1627-1697): married Marie Lesot.

April 8: Kebec, marriage (I)-Pierre Plusson and Marie Regnault.

April 8: Chambly, marriage (I)-Pierre Boucher born August 1, 1622 Governor Trois Riviers to Marie Madeleine (Chretienne) Ouebaddinoukoue Huron savagesse; 2nd marriage July 9, 1652 Quebec  (II)-Jeanne Crevier b-1636 daughter (I)-Christophe Crevier and Jeanne Enard b-1619; only one child recorded of 1st marriage (II)-Jacques Boucher Metis b-1650.  It is noteworthy that Pierre had the idea of creating a new people by the union of French men and Indian women. 

April 12: Kebec, birth (II)-Jacques Goulet, son (I)-Jacques Goulet (1615-1688) (who worked at the mill of Mr. Deschatelets) and Marguerite Maillier b-1631

April 21: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Marie Pepin Metis daughter (I)-Guillaume Pepin dit Tranchemontagne (1607-1697) and (II)-Jeanne Mechin Metis, b-1630; married October 3, 1663, Trois Rivieres, Gilles La Rue 

May 2: Sillery, birth (II)-Nicolas  Peltier Metis son (I)-Nicolas Peltier, d-1675 and Jeanne Roussy, Metis/Indian b-1622, died December 12, 1689, Sorel; married 1st. June 22, 1673, Madeleine Tegoussi; 2nd marriage Francoise Lamy

May 24: Kebec, birth (II)-Francois Poisson, died December 13, 1708, Champlain son (I)-Jean Poisson married likely Kebec Jacqueline Chamboy b-1628, epouse Michel Pelletier de le Prade: married November 11, 1687 Trois Rivieres, Marguerite Baudry. 

May 31: Montreal, birth (II)-Marie Dumay daughter (I)-Etienne Dumay, carpeter b-1626 to Francoise Morin d-1666

June:  The Algonquian traded with the Petite Nation returning via Ville-Marie (Montreal) with their peltry for trade.

June 6:  Thirty four Frenchmen departed for Huron Country.

June 9; Kenec, birth (II)-Marie Aubert (Auber) b-1649, died July 28, 1715, daughter (I)-Claude Aubert (Auber) and Jacqueline Lucas (1612-1680) English; married December 2, 1663 Chateau Richer, Jean Premont.

July 14: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Pierre De Repentigny, died August 7, 1713, Montreal, son (I)-Martin De Repentigny, b-1619 and Jeanne Jallaut, b-1624 

July 18, Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Amator Godfroy, died September 10, 1730, Trois Rivieres, (Filleul de Charles Amaior de le Tour, de l'Acndie) son (I)-Jean Baptiste Godfroy de Linctot, b-1608-1681) and Marie LeNeuf b-1612-1688); 1st married November 12, 1675 Trois Rivieres, Marguerite Jutrat; 2nd marriage July 22, 1682 Francoise LePele

July 21: Montreal, birth (II)-Jeanne Loisel daughter (I)-Louis Loisel (1617-1691) and Marguerite Charlot, b-1631: married November 23, 1666 Montreal Jean Beauchamps 

August:  Charles Albanel, (1616-1696) a Jesuit arrived Kebec to serve the Lower Algonquians or Montagnais, at Tadoussac.

August 9: Kebec. birth (III)-Catherine Le Gardeur daughter (II)-Charles Le Gardeur de Tilly, d-1695 and (II)-Genevieve Juchereau, d-1687: married October 10, 1668, Sillery, Pierre De Saurel

August 22: Kebec, birth (II)-Francois Racine, Metis, died February 26, 1714, St. Anne, daughter of (I)-Etienne Racine, b-1607 and (II)-Marguerite Martin, Metis (1624-1679); married October 29, 1676, Ste Familie, Marie Bauche

August 23: Montreal, birth (II)-Marie Boudart, died September 1, 1649, Montreal daughter (I)-Jean Boudart, died May 6, 1651 Montreal, silenced by the Hurons and Catherine Mercier who was taken with her husband by the Iroquois 1651. 

August 26: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Marguerite Hertel, daughter (I)-Jacques Hertel (1603-1651) (who was captured by the Iroquois) and Marie Marguerie epouse Moral de St. Quentin: married November 26, 1663, Trois Rivieres, Jean Crevier 

September 5: Kebec, birth (II)-Pierre Paul Gagnon, ordained  December 21, 1677, Kebec, son (I)-Pierre Gagnon (1616-1699) and Vincente Desvarieux (1624-1695).

September 11: Kebec, birth (III)-Joseph Guyon DuBuisson, son (II)-Jean Guyon DuBuisson, d-1694 and (II)-Elizabeth Couillard, d-1704: married January 29, 1674 Chateau Richer Genevieve Cloutier

September 20:  The French traders, soldiers and Indians descend to Trois Rivieres and Kebec with 5,000 livres' weight of beaver skins.  This year trade totaled 100,000 livres. 

September 21: (I)-Martin Montagne a carpenter is at Trois Riveres

September 22: Kebec: marriage (I)-Nicolas Juchereau, Sieur de St. Denis, seigneur de Beauport to (II)-Marie Therese Giffard, died June 3, 1714, Beauport, daughter (I)-Robert Giffard (1587-1668) and (I)-Marie Renouard b-1599:

September 28: Kebec, marriage (I)-Mathieu Hubou dit Des Longschamps. (1628-1678) to Suzanne Botfaite (Bottfair) 

September 28: Kebec, birth (II)-Antoine Brossard, died February 22, 1715, Quebec, son (I)-Antoine Brossard b-1609 and Francoise Mery b-1621, sudden death July 11, 1671 Quebec, before 1637 she lived in a large house in Kebec, possible sauvagesse?: married August 26, 1672 Quebec, Jeanne Quelue.

October 5: Kebec, birth (II)-Marie Chalifou, died October 12, 1663, Quebec daughter (I)-Paul Chalifou, b-1618 and Jacquette Archambault, b-1632: Married November 5, 1662, Quebec, Loachim Martin.

October 5: Kebec, birth (II)-Genevieve Macard, died February 23, 1724 Quebec, daughter (I)-Nicolas Macard dit Champagne, d-1659 and (II)-Marguerite Couillard, died April 20, 1705 Quebec, veuve Jean Nicolet; 1st married January 11, 1666, Quebec, Charles Bazire: 2nd marriage August 1, 1679, Quebec, Francois Provost: 3rd marriage November 5, 1703, Quebec, Charles D'Alogny.  

October 11: Kebec, birth (II)-Marie Madeleine Gautier daughter (I)-Guill Gauthier de la Chenaye, d-1657 and Ester De Lambourg, b-1630  

October 13: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Etienne Vernon, died May 18, 1721, Trois Rivieres, son (I)-Jean Vernon de Grandmenil and (II)-Marguerite Hayet dis Radisson, b-1632: married May 30, 1677 Trois Rivieres, Marie Moral.   See Radisson 1631.

October 23: Kebec, birth/death (II)-Anonyme Blanot child (I)-Michel Blanot dit Lafontaine and Elizabeth Derlugny

October 24: Kebec, birth (II)-Sebastien Griveran, son (I)-Guillaume Griveran, b-1620 and Suzanne Bugeaux 

October 31: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Etienne Vernon, died May 18, 1721, Trois Rivieres,  son (I)-Jean Vernon de Grandmenil and (II)-Marguerite Hayet dis Radisson, b-1632: married May 30, 1677, Trois Rivieries Marie Moral.  See Radisson 1631.

November 7: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Mathurin Guillet son (I)-Pierre Guillet dit Lajeunesse, b-1626, carpenter and Jeanne De Launay de St. Per, b-1629: married Marie Charlotte Lemoyne

November 9: Kebec, marriage (II)-Jean Pelletier, b-1631, died February 25, 1698, Riviere Ouelle, son (I)-Guillaume Pelletier b-1598, died November 28, 1657, Kebec and Michelle Morille (Mabile (1592-1665); married (II)-Anne Langlois, Metis (1637-1704) daughter (I)-Noel Langlois (1606-1634) and Francoise Grenier (Garnier) sauvagesse, d-1665  (II)-Jean 2nd marriage January 8, 1689 Riviere Ouelle (II)-Marie Anne Huot born Jauuary 9, 1666 Riviere Ouelle

November 11: Kebec, marriage (I)-Pierre Michellent to Perinne Baudry.

November 14: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Louis Fafard, died February 4, 1717 Batiscan, son (I)-Bertrand Fafard dit Laframboise, b-1620, died November 3, 1660, Trois Rivieres and Marie Sedilot, b-1627, epouse February 16, 1681, Trois Rivieres, Rene Benard: 1st married Marie Lucas: 2nd marriage July 19, 1703, Batiscan, Francoise Lapond, no children second marriage
    (III)-Marie Exupere Louis Fafard-dit-Laframboise  
    (III)-Joseph Fafard-dit-Longval-LaFramnoise, born 1673 Trois Rivieres, died bef 1681 in Trois Rivieres.
    (III)-Louis Fafard-dit-Longval-LaFramboise, born 1675 Trois Riveres, died 1703 Trois Rivieres
    (III)-Alexis Fafard-dit0Longval-LaFramboise b-1678 Trois Rivieres
    (III)-Michel Fafard-dit-LaFramboise, Sieur de Longval, b-1683 Trois Rivieres, d-1777 Trois Rivieres, .  
    (III)-Marie Francoise Fafard-dit-LaFramboise,  b-1685 Trois Rivieres, d-1753 Batiscan
    (III)-Therese Marie Marguerite Fafard-dit-LaFramboise, b-1688 Trois Rivieres, d-1762 Trois Rivieres,
    (III)-Alexis Fafard-dit-LaFramboise,  b-1691 Trois Rivieres, d-1763 Trois Rivieres
    (III)-Joseph Fafard-dit-LaFramboise,  b-1693 Trois Rivieres,
    (III)-Francois Fafard-dit-LaFramboise,  b-1696 Trois Rivieres, d-1745 Trois Rivieres, married Marie Ursule American Indian at St. Francois Mission 
        (IV)-Marie Francoise Fafard Metis b-1726 Vercheres.

November 16: Kebec, marriage (I)-Oliver Le Tardif (1601-1665) 1st married November 3, 1637, Quebec, (II)-Louise Couillard, d-November 23, 1641: 2nd marriage November 16, 1641, Quebec, (II)-Barbe Aymart daughter (I)-Jean Aymard and Marie Bineau ou "bureau" Greffe d'audouard 1649

November 16: Pointe Levy, Kebec, marriage (I)-Guillaume Couture (Cousture), (1617-1701)  married (II)-Anne Esmard Aymard (1629-1700),  daughter (I)-Jean Aymard and Marie Bineau

November 16: Kebec, marriage (I)-Pierre Soumande (1619-1689) to (II)-Simone Cote, Metis, b-1637 daughter (I)-Jean Cote, d-1661 and (II)-Anne Martin, Metis, d-1684.

November 29: Quebec, marriage (I)-Robert Drouin (1606-1685) 1st married July 12, 1637 Kebec, (II)-Anne Cloutier: 2nd married Marie Chapelier 

December 3: Montreal, birth (II)-Mathurine Meunier, died February 27, 1650, Montreal, & (II)-Charles Meunier, died February 27, 1650 Montreal sons of (I)-Mathurin Meunier (Le Mounier. b-1619 & Francoise Fafart, (1624-1702)

December 7:  Father (I)-Charles Garnier (1605-1649) a Jesuit, is killed by the Iroquois at Petun Village of St. Jean (Etharita) near Osprey, Grey County, Ontario.  Both the Huron and Iroquois had vowed to kill the Jesuit so it should not be ruled out that all Jesuit deaths can be attributed to the Iroquois. 

December 7: Kebec, birth (II)-Jean Francois Bissot, died November 26, 1663 Quebec son (I)-Francois Bissot, Sieur de la Riviere, (1613-1678) and (III)-Marie Couillard, epouse September 1675, Quebec, Jacques de la Lande 

December 8:  Father (I)-Noel Chabanel (1613-1649) a Jesuit, is killed by the Christian Huron at the mouth of the Nottawasaga River, Ontario. 

December 11:  Trois Riveres, birth (III)-Jacques Boucher, Metis son (II)-Pierre Boucher, sieur De Gros Bois, seigneur de Boucherville, Governor Des Trois Rivieres, son (I)-Gaspard Boucher and Nicolas Lemaine; married about 1648 likely Trois Riveries 1st. married Marie Madeleine Chretienne sauvagesse: 2nd marriage (II)-Jeanne Crevier?.  ((II)-Jeanne Crevier, Metis b-1636 daughter (I)-Christophe Crevier and Jeanne Enard b-1619, Metis) married July 9, 1652 (II)-Pierre Boucher Governor Des Trois Rivieres.  He only had one recorded son (III)-Jacques Boucher, Metis b-1650

December 11: Montreal, birth (II)-Nicolas Desroches son (I)-Jean Desroches (1621-1684) and Francoise Gode b-1636

December 14:  Kebec, birth (II)-Ursule Prevost, Metis, died April 1, 1661,  Kebec, daughter (I)-Martin Prevost, (1611- 1691) and Marie Oliver Sylvestre Manitouabewich, Huron or Algonquin, (1620-1665). 

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