The first Garnaud (Garneau) settles L'Ange
Garden
FRENCH HISTORY 1655-1659
FRENCH INDEX Return to Main French INDEX
1650
Nine marriages, forty three births and ten deaths are recorded in Kebec, New France. The census of New France reached 705 people.
Forty five Frenchmen married with Indian sauvagesses in Acadia before 1650.
(I)-Elie Barbeau dit Villeneuve is in Quebec.
(I)-Jean Baptiste Godefroy (Godfroy (1608-1681) entered into a business venture with Tilly, Buissot, Lespine and others for seal fishing out of Tadouisac and fur trading with the savages.
Barbe Hebou, former wife of Jean Milouer (Du Maisne), made a bequeath to the Jesuits.
(I)-Robert (Le) Roy living Quebec this year.
If fewer than 10% of a ship's company died crossing the Pacific Ocean, then the captain of the ship considered the voyage most successful.
Only 50 men held Fort Montreal. Between 1650 and 1653, 32 French settlers were killed by the Iroquois and 22 were captured. The Iroquois made such ravages in New France that many settlers believed they should go back to France.
The shrine of Sainte Anne de Beaupre is established on the banks of the St. Lawrence River by the French fishermen in gratitude for deliverance from Atlantic storms.
Menou d'Aulnay drowned.
Many of the letters sent back to France by the early parish priests deplore the slight regard most colonists had for the Church, its commandments and rituals.
Fort Chicoutimi (Chueretimi & Chigoutimy) is established at the confluence of the Sagueny and Chicoutini rivers.
Nicolas Denys (1598-1688), a La Rochelle Merchant, established a fishing establishment on Cape Breton Island that would eventually fail.
Nine Frenchmen are killed at Three Rivers by the Iroquois.
As many as sixty Europeans have been living among the Huron in the past sixteen years that a mission has been established, many of whom are of a very feeble constitution. No one has died of natural causes, bit withstanding the great inconveniences and sufferings.
The Iroquois attacked Saint Jean Baptiste (Cahiague) killing 500 families, the nation of the Huron (Wendat) was no more.
The wheat crop this year was excellent especially at Montreal. The Iroquois had driven most of the Savages from Montreal and only 50 French remained. Most French were surprised that Montreal had not fallen to the Iroquois continuous assaults. Three Rivers has also been continually assaulted and a number of times was in fear of falling.
About 47 families at Belle-Isle-en-mer were identified as being of mixed blood (Metis). It is believed the Malacites were decedents of mixed blood people of Saint-Malo fishermen and Indian women. They were located on the Saint John River, Acadia.
The French seized the Island of St. Crox from the Spanish but could only hold it for a few years.
(I)-Madeleine Maranda, veuve July 13, 1698, (I)-Nicolas Pinel de Larochelle, arrived Quebec 1650 and married February 10, 1659 Quebec (I)-Renaud Andre.
Acadia ( Nova Scotia) recipes called for English 'Brawn'. Brawn was originally for the flesh of the pigs head that has been boiled, chopped and molded. In Acadia ( Nova Scotia) it meant a veal-shank and pork-hock stew made by boiling the meat off the bones in seasoned water. The stock from that water was called 'Brawn'.
April 18: Kebec, birth (II)-Louise Cote, Metis, daughter (I)-Jean Cote, d-1661and (II)-Anne Martin, Metis, d-1684: married July 25, 1667, Chateau Richer, Suzanne Page
May 28: Kebec, birth (II)-Charlotte Godfroy, religious Ursuline, died January 13, 1720 Quebec, daughter (I)-Jean Paul Godfroy and (II)-Marie Madeleine Le Gardeur
June: Father Bressany, brothers Robert le Cog d-1650, two domestics Jean Boyer and Charles Amtot with 25 or 30 French traders and as many Savages departed Three Rivers in 22 or 23 canoes.
July 10: Kebec, an unnamed ship arrived from Rouen, France
July 14: Kebec, the Neuf or Saint Jean at 80 tonnage arrived with captain Jean Bourdet, the Chasseur at 120 tonnage captain Terrier.
August 7: Trois Rivieres, marriage (I)-Mathurin Baillargeon, b-1626 to Marie Metayer, b-1636
August 20: Robert le Coq. a Jesuit Donnes d-1650, is killed by the Iroquois at Three Rivers. Most Jesuit were condemned to death by the Huron so this could be a Huron killing.
August 28: St. Antoine de Chambly, birth/death (IV)-Jacques Gautier, Metis, son (III)-Jacques Gautier, Metis, b-1744 and Marie Joseph Quenneville.
September 1: Father Gabriel Druillettes (1610-1681) departed Quebec for Boston to establish an alliance with New England against the Iroquois, but he was unsuccessful.
September 8: Kebec, the Cardinal at 300 tonnage arrived with captain Jammes
October 7: Quebec, birth/death (III)-Anonyme Cloutier, Metis, child (II)-Jean Cloutier, (1621-1690) and (II)-Marie Martin, Metis, (1635-1699)
November 28: Quebec, birth (II)-Henry Bourdon, Metis, died October 27, 1665 Quebec, son (I)-Jean Bourdon d-1668, and Jacqueline Potel, most likely a sauvagesse or Metis, d-1654.
November 30: Montreal, marriage (I)-Louis Prud'homme (1608-1671) to Roberte Gadois, b-1626, epouse January 21, 1678, Montreal, Pierre Verrier.
December 21: Montreal, death (I)-Jean Michel Sylvestre.
December 30: The Ursuline convent at Kebec is destroyed by fire.
1651
Ten marriages, thirty four births and sixteen deaths is recorded in Kebec, New France.
New France had only 1,050 permanent residents.
(II)-Medard Chouart, Metis son (I)-Medard Chouart des Groseilliers (1618/1621-1696) and (II)-Helene Martin, Metis (1627-1651)
Noel Godin near Three Rivers is killed by 10 Iroquois and La Jeunesse is wounded.
(I)-Jean de Lauzon (Lauson) (1582-1666), a soldier, is appointed Governor New France from October 4 or 14, 1651 to September 12, 1656. He had accumulated a vast estate in the St. Lawrence Valley using the Compahnie Des Cent-Associes since 1627. He then went on to enrich himself and his family using his position. He imposed a virtual monopoly on the fur trade to enhance his families wealth. This is the man who seized the furs from Groseilliers resulting in the loss of the Northern Bay to the Hudson Bay Company. It is said he cared less for the welfare of the inhabitants of New France. He conferred many favors on the Jueuits.
(II)-Louis Prevost, Metis, b-1651, died May 27, 1686, Beauport, son (I)-Martin Prevost, (1611- 1691) and Marie Oliver Sylvestre Manitouabewich, Huron or Algonquin, (1620-1665); married February 17, 1672 Chateau-Richer, (II)-Francoise Gaignon b-1655; 2nd marriage February 17, 1681, Chateau-Richer, Marguerite Careau
Louis Prud'homme had his 1647 Quebec marriage to Anne Archambault annulled in 1651 due to his having been bigamous (he had a wife back in France). Not listed in Tanguay.
The Onnonta'eronnons attacked the French Fort Ahwen'do,e, and had destroyed 100 men.
February 5: Quebec, birth, (II)-Paul Tessier dit Chaumine, Metis, died April 26, 1730 Longue Pointe, son (I)- Urbain Tessier, (1624-1689) and (II)-Marie Archambault, Metis baptised, 1636, died August 16, 1719 Pte Aux Trembles, Montreal; married October 13, 1681 Chateau Richer (III)-Madeleine Cloutier b-1660 died February 12, 1748 Longue Pointe.
February 25: (II)-Charles de la Tour (1595-1665) is appointed Governor of Acadia and married Motin widow of his arch rival the infamous (I)-Menou Charles d'Aulnay de Charnisay (1604-1650).
April 20: Kebec, birth (II)-Jean Marsolet, Metis, died March 7, 1715, Quebec, son (I)-Nicolas Marsolet (Marsollet) De St. Agnan (1587-1677) and Marie La Barbide, savage or Metis, (1620-1688), epouse May 8, 1681, Quebec, Denis Lemaitre: married 1st. February 9, 1680 Marguerite Couture; 2nd married May 28, 1690 Quebec, Marie Anne Bolduc
May 15: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Elizabeth Lefebvre, Metis, died September 10, 1687, daughter (I)-Pierre Michel Lefebvre, b-1616 and Jeanne Aunois, of the Indian Nation, b-1621, died February 11, 1697, Trois Rivieres: 1st married Felix Thunes: 2nd marriage January 13, 1687, Batiscan, Jean Colet.
May 21: (I) or (II)-Pierre Esprit Chouart dit Radisson, Metis (1636-1710) born St Malo or Avagon or Trois Rivieres son of (I)-Sebastein Hayet dit Radisson: Radisson and (I)-Madeleine Heraut aka Hainault (or Metis or savage, see Radisson 1632) and is believed to have arrived Kebec today and immediately moved to Trois Rivieres this year. He claims to be born 1636, St. Malo, other suggest born 1640. No baptismal certificate could be found in France or New France and some the English, suggest he was Italian. He was often discovered to embellish his own role in history especially as to do with brother-in-law (I)-Medard Chouart des Groseilliers (1618-1696). He fabricated his role in the expedition of (1654-1656) when in fact he signed a document in Quebec on November 7, 1655. His journals should be read with caution. Some say he arrived in Kebec with his family and half sisters but others say he followed his sister to Kebec. Tanguay records him as (I) first generation where as the Jesuit relations suggest he is (II)-second generation. It is suggested (I)-Madeleine Heraut aka Hainault is his mother and was first married to a Pierre Esprit Radisson b-1590 and second marriage to step dad (I)-Sebastien Hayet dit Hayot. This however is problematic as (I)-Madeleine Herbaut married about 1631 to (I)-Sebastien Hayet, dit Radisson and they had two daughters (II)-Elisabeth, no birth date or location and (II)-Marguerite Radisson born 1632 a therefore (II)-Pierre Esprit Chouart dit Radisson, Metis (1636-1710) could not be the son of Pierre Esprit Radisson b-1590? One possibility is that (II)-Pierre Esprit Chouart dit Radisson (1636-1710) is a Metis? and/or his mother is not (I)-Madeleine Herault?
May 24: (II)-Pierre Esprit Chouart dit Radisson, Metis (1636-1710) is captured by the Mohawk Iroquois near Trois Riviers, his other two companions were killed. He claims to be adopted into the Mohawk family. He later escaped with help from the Dutch and returned to Quebec. He claims he was captured 1652 & returned to Quebec 1654. How much of this story is fabrication is questionable but consistent if he were Metis.
June 18: Leonard Marbau on Montreal is killed by the Iroquois.
July 26: Denys Archambaut was instantly killed at Montreal when his cannon burst while firing the third charge against the attacking Iroquois.
August 7: Maturin, Antoine des Rusier's man at Three Rivers is killed by the Iroquois.
August 13: Montreal, (I)-Jean Hebert killed this date by the Iroquois.
August 18: Kabec, the ship Petit Saint Jean lands captain Rene Boutin.
August 24: Trois Rivieres, Quebec, (I)-Pierre Couc dit Lafleur, b-1624, a Coureur de Bois, a soldier and interpreter is at Trois Rivieres, Quebec, he died April 1690, St. Francois du Lac. He married April 16, 1657, Trois Rivieres, Quebec, Marie Mite8ameg8k8e (1631-1699) an Algonquine
September 18: Louyse wife Chagniau is killed by three Iroquois in her house.
September 19: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Anne Baillargeon, died March 8, 1722 Trois Rivieres, daughter (I)-Mathurin Baillargeon, b-1626 to Marie Metayer, b-1636: married 1st. Jean Polton: 2nd marriage April 29, 1709 Trois Rivieres, Jacques Duguay.
October 4-14: (I)-Jean de Lauzon (Lauson) (1582-1666) arrived Kebec and 9 days later married his second wife Anne Despres.
October 13: Kabec, three ships arrive, the Saint Joseph at 350 tonnage captain Maitre Jean Boucher, the Passemoy at 250 tonnage, and the Vierge at 320 tonnage captain Pierre Boileau.
November 11: Three Frenchmen drowned, servants of Giffard who had gone to trade skins on the Isle of Orleans.
November 20: Quebec, marriage (I)-Guillaume Fournier (1619-1699) to (III)-Francoise Hebert, Metis born January 27, 1638, Kebec daughter (II)-Guillaume Hebert, Metis (1604-1639) and Helene Desportes, b-1620, epouse January 9, 1640 Noel Morin.
November 23: A Frigate from Montreal arrived Kebec with a load of beaver skins. Montreal has become a strategic location for the fur trade. Above Montreal are few Iroquois and traders did not want to adventure down river and expose themselves to more danger.
December 1: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Guillaume Vernon son (I)-Jean Vernon de Grandmenil and (II)-Marguerite Hayet dis Radisson, b-1632 See Radisson 1631.
December 1: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Guillaume Vernon son (I)-Jean Vernon de Grandmenil and (II)-Marguerite Hayet dis Radisson, b-1632 See Radisson 1631.
December 2: Montreal, birth (II)-Francois Xavier Prud'homme son (I)-Louis Prud'homme (1608-1671) and Roberte Gadois, b-1626: married November 20, 1684, Montreal, Cecile Gervaise.
December 7: Quebec, birth, (II)-Noel Langlois, Metis, died October 9, 1693, Beauport, son (I)-Noel Langlois dit Boisverdum, pilote (1606-1684), arrived Kebec 1634, 1st married Francoise Grenier (Garnier), born Montreal area, died November 1, 1665, Quebec: 1st married 1672 Quebec Aymee Caron; 2nd marriage December 2, Beauport, Genevieve Parent
1652
Seventeen marriages, forty six births and eight deaths are recorded in Kebec, New France.
Birth, likely Kebec (III)-Godfroy Marie Charles Le Gardeur, son (II)-Pierre Le Gardeau, d-1675 and Marie Favery, d-1675.
France is seriously considering abandoning the New France Colony if nothing is done to protect the fur trade from the Iroquois.
Cairn dedicated to first settlers L,Ange Garden
L'Ange Gardien, New France, located 14 kilometers
north of Quebec city, that became a parish in 1670, would become the original
homestead of the first Garnaud in New France. Domain du Fief de Lotinville,
from 1652 to 1690, held East L'Ange Gardien. The original settlers
in East L'Ange Gardien listed, starting from the West to the East River
Petit Pre during this period to 1680, are:
(I)-Pierre Tremblay, born 1626, married 1657 a Ozanne
Achon born 1633, are living here before 1663 with 2 arpent of land.
(II) Rene Goulet born 1650, married 1670 a Catherine
Leroux and are probably living here after 1670 with 1 arpent of land.
(II)-Adrian Hayot born 1638 married (II)-Madeline
Guyon born 1647 and possible living here in the 1660's with 3 arpent of
land.
Michael Guion Du Rouray lived here with 2 arpent
of land.
(II)-Pierre Trudel born 1658, Quebec son (I)-Jean
Trudel; married February 26, 1680 a Francoise Lefrancois and they held
2 arpent of land probably inherited from (I)-Jean. Four Garnaud's
would marry Trudel's namely Angelique, Pierre, Catherine and Louise.
(I)-Abraham Fiset born 1636 married Denise Savard
with 3 arpent of land.
Etienne Jacob lived here with 3 arpent of land.
(I)-Thomas Lefebvre born 1647 married 1669 Genevieve
Peltier probably settled 1669 with 3 arpent of land.
(I)-Louis Levasseur born 1628 married 1666 Marguerite
Belanger probably settled 1666 with 3 arpent of land.
Domain du Fief de Lotinville awarded 6 arpent of
land assumed this year, 1652.
Cairn listing the names of settlers 1645-1664, L'Ange Gardien, New France,
(II)-Pierre Esprit Chouart dit Radisson, Metis (1636-1710) is captured by the Iroquois and becomes their adopted captive (1651-1653). (II)-Pierre claims it was (1652-1653), and he went to Holland arriving January 4/7, 1654.
Anne Riviere (likely a sauvagesse) b-1652 and married to (I)-Jean Alary, b-1640, they were living at St. Ours in 1652.
Nicolas Denys (d-1688) established Nepisiguit, then called St. Peters and in 1826, Bathurst, New Brunswick.
New France, Canada is composed of six significant locations at this time:
1. Tadusac is the first port, set 300 miles up the Saint Lawrence River, is only occupied two or three months of the year. The Barbarians from over 300 miles arrive here, as do numerous ships to trade.
2. Kebec is 120 miles upstream from Tadusac and is a fortress of the French. It is constructed upon a mountain, at the narrowest point of this St. Lawrence River. There is a French colony there, and, quite recently, a Huron one; and the Barbarians called Algonquin spend several months of the year there before going to their hunt.
3. Four miles upstream from Kebec, on the Saint Lawrence River, there is the residence of the Jesuit Society, called Saint Joseph where the Algonquin spend half of the year, with some French families, it is also called Sylleri (Sillery), for the founder, who was called Chevalier Noel Brulart de Sylleri (Sillery) (1577-1640). Sillery as an Indian reservation was (1637-1680's).
4. Ninety miles beyond, still upstream, there flows into this King of Rivers, which at its mouth is 60 miles in width, and here more than a mile and a half, with both flow and ebb of the tide, although more than 400 miles distance from the sea. There flows into it, I say, attributer which we call the Three Rivers, because it issues as if by three mouths, by reason of two Islands, which divide it into three streams. At this place is the second fort of the French on the River Saint Lawrence, and a second colony of theirs, and, during a certain time of the year, of Algonquin Barbarians.
5. Then, ten miles further, still upstream, is the Lake called St. Pierre, 24 miles in length and 10 or 12 miles in width, famous through the incursions of the Hiroquois, a river prolongs it; and six miles beyond, at the mouth of this River (which is named after the Hiroquois, because it comes from their lake), was the Fort Richelieu.
6. Fifty miles beyond is the Great Island of Mont Reale, 180 miles distant from Kebec, which was formerly thickly in habited by Barbarians, while now they are very few. There is a fort of the French, with some families, who are founding the third colony. This island is about one hundred miles in circumference; and there the two branches unite which form our Great River.
The known environment of New France, Canada includes:
In the direction of the summer sunset is a lake of about 1,200 miles in circumference, which we call "The Fresh Water Sea". A lake 600 miles in circumference is called Lake Herie. A third lake, still greater and more beautiful is called Ontario or Beautiful Lake but the Jesuit want to call it Lake St. Louis. Further to the west, more than 300 miles distant, beyond the Sault or Cascade is a lake larger than the "Fresh Water Sea". North of this lake is the "Lake of the Stinkards" (salt water). Living around these lakes are the following known nations: Algonquin, Huron, Sault, Ondatauauat, Tobacco, Cat, Neutral, Andastogenronons of New Sweden and the Hiroquois. The Huron means Hure, having hair like the bristles of a wild boar.
The barbarians even bath in winter using hot baths in a little cabin, using hot rocks and they plunge into rivers and lakes then back to their hot baths. They do this for cleanliness, health, and for pleasure. The Jesuit suspect they do it for superstition and consider it a barbarous activity. The French at this time only bathed but once a year. It is noteworthy that the term barbarian or savage was used to describe non-Greeks then later to describe non-Romans and was applied to the French.
The Jesuit considered conjugal lovemaking within marriage as a degeneration of the ideal state. The ideal is a repugnance for carnal intercourse. Those who considered this abnormal thinking were classified as barbarians.
The bartering of trading goods was strictly forbidden to the inhabitants of the French Colony. As a result the Coureurs des Boise emerged as an entity in 1653. These free enterprisers went to the Great Lakes and Upper Mississippi, named 'Pays d'en Haut' (The Upper Country).
February 20: Quebec, birth (III)-Jean Cloutier, Metis, died December 4, 1709 Chateau Richer, son (II)-Jean Cloutier, (1621-1690) and (II)-Marie Martin, Metis, (1635-1699); married November 14, 1679 Chateau Richer, Louise Belanger
March 6: The Iroquois attacked Three Rivers but are defeated by the Huron.
March 8: Ste Anne, birth (II)-Marguerite Racine, Metis, died December 17, 1695 Chateau Richer, daughter of (I)-Etienne Racine, b-1607 and (II)-Marguerite Martin, Metis (1624-1679); married Jean Gagnon
May: The Ursuline opened a new convent in Quebec.
May 10: Father (I)-Jacques Buteux (1600-1652) is executed by the Iroquois, at St. Maurace River, north of Trois Rivieres. Buteux was noted for the introduction of brutality among the People of Tadoussac including the whipping of little children, at church, even those at the breast.
May 14: Quebec, birth (II)-Louis Soumande, Metis son (I)-Pierre Soumande (1619-1689) and (II)-Simone Cote, Metis, b-1637
May 26: A Frenchman at Montreal is killed by the Iroquois while attending cattle, a French woman escaped with 5-6 wounds.
June 8: Two Huron under the protection of the French are killed near Three Rivers.
June 23: Kabec, two ships arrived captain Jean Pointel and Captain Jean Poulet, the Petit Saint Jean arrived and the Passemoy at 250 tonnage also arrived.
August 13: Quebec, marriage (I)-Jacques Gourdeau b-1614 or 1624, who arrived Kebec March 1637, married Eleonore De Grandmaison veuve October 15, 1663 Quebec, Francois De Chavigny.
August 19: Guillaume Guillemot, the Governor of Throis Rivieres, and 22 settlers are attacked and killed by the Iroquois. Charles Garmant or Garman, age 10 years, is captured at Cap Rounge, his father and another Frenchman are presumed dead. The Jesuits are still trying to obtain his release in 1660.
August 25: (I)-Thomas Godfroy de Normanville is killed by the Iroquois.
September 30: Quebec, birth (II)-Jacques Bourdon, Metis, son (I)-Jean Bourdon d-1668, and Jacqueline Potel, most likely a sauvagesse or Metis, d-1654.
October 8: Kebec, marriage (II)-Francoise Roussin, died December 4, 1691, Quebec, daughter (I)-Jean Roussin de Tourouvre: married Pierre Loignon.
December 29: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Pierre Pepin, died April 2, 1722 Trois Rivieres, son (I)-Guillaume Pepin dit Tranchemontagne (1607-1697) and Jeanne Mechin, b-1630; married October 20, 1681, Quebec, Louise Le Mire
1653
Sixteen marriages, fifty one births and fifteen deaths are recorded in Kebec, New France.
Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Catherine Baillargeon, daughter (I)-Mathurin Baillargeon, b-1626 to Marie Metayer, b-1636:
(I)-Medard Chouart des Groseilliers (1618-1696) made his home at Trois Rivieres among 30 other families. It is about this time that he first mentioned that he learned of the Bay of the North (Hudson Bay. In 1664 the Jesuits wrote of him "He is a man capable of anything, bold, hardy, stubborn in his undertakings, who knows the country (of North America), and who has been everywhere, to Hurons, to the Ottawa" Such a man was not twiddling his thumbs in Huronia during his sojourn in the interior..
Philippe Muis D'Entremont, b-1601, Normandy, France, died 1701, Port Royal, Acadia (Nova Scotia), married 1849, Madeline Helie Du Tillet, b-1626, likely arrived Acadia 1649-1653.
(I)-Etienne Robin dit Desforges, b-1613, arrived Quebec, 1653, died May 21, 1660 Long Sault, killed by Iroquois.
(I)-Jean Valets, b-1633, arrived Quebec 1653, died 1660 Quebec.
The Jesuit vision of the Mountain of Montreal is a mission to convert the Natives and stop French exploration and free trading. This objective failed, and one hundred new settlers arrived this year, being the only significant expansion since its creation. The French population of New France is estimated at 2,000 persons. To test the weak and fumbling French leadership, two hundred Mohawk warriors made a surprise attack on the Hospital. The Hospital, across the little St. Pierre River, the Mountain of Montreal, is on high ground. The Mohawk retreated as the timing did not appear right. Thirty-two French mercenaries were killed and twenty two were captured by the Iroquois during the past three years. The Mission of the Mountain of Ville-Marie (Montreal)'s defenses consisted of a mere fifty men. The Iroquois themselves are being attacked by their neighbors to the east and south and offered peace to the French in November. A revolt by the upper nobility in France failed and they are deprived of any political power.
As a result of the French Iroquois War, Ville-Marie (Montreal) has not traded for a single beaver skin from the Savages for the past year. At Trois Rivieres, the few natives that came were employed to defend the place. The stores in Quebec is the image of poverty. It is noteworthy that Ville-Marie (Montreal) only contained 60 people of which only 20 is capable of bearing arms.
Le Mercier a Jesuit wrote: "our entire French youth is planning to go trading with the Nations, who are disseminated all over the territories, and they hope to come back with beaver pelts from many hunting seasons."
The Wendat (Huron) make a promise to the French that they will deliver furs next season as did the Savages west of Sault Ste Marie. The French in turn promised to go out among the Algonkins, Sault and dispersed Huron.
Two hundred Iroquois surrounded 26 Frenchmen. These barbarians discharged their pieces at a position of close proximity, they fired 200 shots, without killing or wounding a single man. The French claimed they fired the pieces correctly but it demonstrated the inaccuracy of the pieces.
Pierre Boucher (1622-1717) is made Governor of Three Rivers (1653-1658).
Trustee from 1656 to 1660, prisoner of the Iroquis in 1661 and soldier of the 17th Squad in 1663, Marin Jannot drowned accidentally and was buried in Ville-Marie (Montreal) on July 24, 1664.
The following is translated from an article about Marin Janot, from a book entitled "Les Recrutès" by Roland Auger, which I will attempt to translate. Marin Jannot dit LaChapelle was from a town named LaChapelle, by Monthausen, near Chateau Thierry, where he was born. He enlisted in 1653 becoming part of the recruitment, although he can not designate the place and the date of his enlistment. He received £108 in advanced wages and signed the acknowledgement the following June on the 20th, before leaving the roads of Saint-Nazaire. Marin Jannot was a carpenter.
He had scarcely arrived in Ville-Marie, that he definitely decided to settle there. Monsieur de Maisonneuve gave him a grant of land February 2d in 1654.
This great recruitment (Le Grand Recrue de 1653) was organized by M. de
Maissonneuve and medically assisted by a 32 year old nun, Sister Bourneoys.
They finally set sail on the 20th of June, 1653 in the ship "Saint-Nicholas-de-Nantes"
and traveled 350 lieues (875 miles) before they were forced to return, due to
the fact that they were leaking like a sieve.
Although 153 had signed for this voyage, collecting their wages in advance,
only 102 actually boarded the ship. Also, their provisions had been ruined,
yet their courage was still very high, and on 20 July 1653, they sailed once
again for the New World, arriving at Quebec on 22 September 1653; 64 days
later.
There, their ship had to be burned as the tide could not lift it. Sister
Bourney's aid to the sick was not enough and eight persons died on the voyage.
At Quebec, Governor de Lauzon, refused to let them have boats to complete
their journey to Ville-Marie, as they were sorely needed for the defense of
Quebec and also their rations were too short to give them to this
recruitment. They finally arrived at Ville-Marie on the 16th of November, 1653.
Nicolas Denys (1598-1688), a La Rochelle Merchant, acquired territory in the Gulf of St. Lawrence from Canso to Gaspé, including Cape Breton and other Gulf Islands, with rights to land and government. He would turn his establishment over to his son Richard Denys in 1670.
This reference appears in "Your Ancient Canadian Family Ties" by Reginald L Olivier: "There were four recruitments (1640-1642-1653-1659) which had brought to Canada, 278 men, 45 women and children and three Religious Sisters. (Special mention should be made concerning the one in 1653, since this is the one that Marin Janot was a member).
Kabec, three ships arrived this year, the Patriarche Abraham captain Guillaume Poulet, a ship by captain Jean Pointel, the Saint Nicolas for Montreal by captain Pierre Lebesson.
The Jesuit Relations say that, for a year, the warehouse at Ville-Marie (Montreal) has not bought a single beaver from the Indians. Destroyed too were the Jesuit Missions in Huronia.
(I)-Emmanuell LeBorgne (1610-1675), a merchant of Rochelle, learned of the death of (I)-Menou D'Aulnay de Charnisay (1604-1650) who owed him 160,000 livres. He assumed Charnisay owned all of Acadia and was determined to recover the debt.
January: Kebec, birth (II)-Pierre Patenotre son (I)-Nicolas Patenotre (1626-1679) and Marguerite Breton, b-1635
January 26: Trois Rivieres, death (I)-Etienne Vien, b-1613, married to Marie Dent de Larnarti, epouse January 26, 1655, Trois Rivieres, Louis Ozannes.
February 6: Quebec, marriage (I)-Nicolas Froget dit Despatis, b-1620 to (II)-Madeleine Martin, Metis epouse February 7, 1714 St. Francois I.J., Andre Boutillet, daughter (I)-Abraham Martin dit L'Ecossais (1589-1664) and Marguerite Langlois, Metis
February 24: Port Royal, Acadia (II)-Charles La Tour (1594-1666) married Charles de Menou d'Aulnay's widow, he died 1650.
April 21: Some suggest this was August 21: At Three Rivers, 16 Frenchmen (servants, sailors and others) deserted the colony, intending to leave the country. These included: Barre, lance-corporal, and La Montagne, soldiers, La Rose, a servant of Monsieur de la Poterie and Lespine, Baudet, servant of la Grandresnil, and sailor, des Noters, la Fond, sailor, du Plessis, la Verdure, sailor, la Montagne, Savary, la Franchise, Teste-Pelee, servant of la Franchise, Coquelin, sailor, des Lauriers, Paul Langlois, sailor. It is noteworthy that servants and indentured engages were virtual slaves for three to five years. These were unique in desiring to leave the colony as most went Coureurs des Bois.
April 22: Quebec, marriage (I)-Antoine Rouillard dit Lariviere (1616-1666) and Marie Girard, b-1640.
April 27: Two servants of Dauteuil took flight into the interior likely encouraged by the flight of 16 French on April 21.
April 27: Monsieur Charon is wounded in the throat by a pistol shot, at his residence on the Island or Orleans, by two of his servants. They were captured May 7.
May 8: Quebec, death Paschal Pasquier
May 12: Jacques Junier fled Sillery, Kebec, by crossing the Saint Lawrence River.
June 10: Kebec, birth (II)-Anne Marsolet, Metis daughter (I)-Nicolas Marsolet (Marsollet) De St. Agnan (1587-1677) and Marie La Barbide, savage or Metis, (1620-1688), epouse May 8, 1681, Quebec, Denis Lemaitre:
June 26: The Onondagas sent 18 chiefs to Ville-Marie (Montreal) for peace negotiations.
July 20: The New England colonists are under-taking war against the Dutch and their Iroquois allies.
July 21: Quebec, marriage (I)-Jacques Preuirau to Jacquette Tourault, veuve Pierre Tarouseau
July 30: News arrived that the Algonquin of the north are uniting with the remnants of the Tobacco and Neutral tribes, are assembling beyond the Sault Ste Marie, Lake Superior, to unite against the Iroquois. It is noteworthy that the Algonquin had previously, before the arrival of the French, had assembled a great army to punish the Iroquois for their evil ways. In this way peace had been secured in the past.
August 12: Quebec, birth (II)-Louise Rouleau, died August 28, 1656, Quebec daughter (I)-Gabriel Rouleau dit Sanssoucy (1618-1673) and Mathurine Leroux b-1636, epouse Debruary 5, 1674 Ste Famille, Martin Mercier.
August 21: The Iroquois attacked Ville-Marie (Montreal) but are defeated by the Huron. Three Rivers is also attacked. The siege lasted over eight days. When no progress is made by either side, peace is declared and the Iroquois return prisoners taken as did the French.
August 24: Quebec, marriage (I)-Medard Chouart des Groseilliers (1618/1621-1696) 2nd marriage (II)-Marguerite Hayet Radisson, half sister of (II)-Pierre Esprit Chouart dit Radisson, Metis (1636-1710), daughter (I)-Sebastien Hayet dit Radisson and Madeleine Heraut, Marguerite veuve de Jean Veron Grand Menil who was killed by the Iroquois..
August 30: In Ville-Marie (Montreal), he married Francoise Besnard, daughter of Pierre and Catherine Riverin from Pourray, diocese of Mans.
August 30: (I)-Emmanuel Le Borgue (1610-1675) with his son (II)-Alexandre Le Borgue (1640-1693) arrived Port Royal to recover money owing to him. He forced the widow of (I)-Menou D'Aulnay de Charnisay (1604-1650) to sign a document saying he was owed 206,286 livres. He then set out to plunder Acadia starting with Pentagouet (Castline, Maine), La Heve where he burned everything, Saint-Pierre and Nipisiguit. He assumed (II)-Charles La Tour (1595-1665) and (I)-Nicholas Denys (1598-1688) were mere vassals to be crushed. The Laurentian settlements of Denys was plundered, burned, and the people taken into slavery. He then attacked Fort La Tour but was repulsed.
September 22: Marguerite Bourgeoys (1620-1700) wanted to open a school at Ville-Marie (Montreal), but there was only one school child so she cared for the sick and poor.
October: The Savages reported the French party who deserted Three Rivers earlier this year are discovered in Gaspe. Some had died from hardship and privation, and there were indications that they had eaten one another.
October 20: Quebec, marriage (I)-Robert Pare (1626-1684) to (II)-Francoise La Houx (1626-1685)
October 22: Quebec, marriage (I)-Paul Vachon (1630-1703) and (II)-Marguerite Langlois, Metis (1639-1697) daughter (I)-Noel Langlois (1606-1634) and Francoise Grenier (Garnier) d-1665, sauvagesse. Others suggest Francoise was born France, March 16, 1604 but parents were not identified.
October 29: Bouchard's wife was convicted for being violent to the person of Dr. Ettiene Bouchard on the Public Road. Francoise Besnard remarried to Guillaume Bouchard in Ville-Marie (Montreal) on October 22, 1690 and she leased to Charles Gervaise, a farm on the outskirts of Ville-Marie (Montreal) and renewed the lease April 14th 1694 and October 7th 1696. Her son, Pierre Janot, paid her a life-annuity, March 8th 1698, the same day she sold a portion of the land to Nicolas Janvrin.
October 29: (II)-Pierre Esprit Chouart dit Radisson, Metis, (1636-1710) claims to have escaped from the Mohawks with the help of the Dutch.
November: The vessel that departed Kebec for France, richly laden with the spoils of the beavers of this country, was itself despoiled, falling into the hands of the English who were waiting for it in the channel.
November: About 140 individuals arrived Ville-Marie (Montreal) boosting the population to 200 people.
November 3 The Iroquois Nation made peace with the French, but some Mohawks, Oneidas and Onondagas continued to fight.
November 16: THE RECRUITS courtesy of Brad La Chapelle
Editors Note:
In the 1600's, Montreal, Canada is known as Ville-Marie. The Iroquois were constantly attacking and killing the villagers, and they asked for help from France. In 1653, France held a Grand Recruitment to help the settlers, and this was known as "Grand Recrue de 1653." 153 men signed up to go to Canada, but 50 did not honor their
contract and 8 died on the voyage, leaving a total of 95 able bodied men. Of these, 24 were massacred by the Iroquois, 4
accidentally drowned and one died when his house was burned. Of those left, 49 have left descendants in Canada. These
soldiers were credited with not only saving Ville-Marie from extinction, but the whole of Canada as well.
When volunteers arrived, they were not allowed to use their proper names and each adopted an "alias" or "dit" name. Therefore, Marin Janot, became known as Marin Janot dit LaChapelle. It is supposition on my part,
but since he was from the LaChapelle/Monthodon area of France, he apparently took the name of his hometown.
November 26: Quebec, birth (II)-Gilles Fournier, Metis died December 31, 1653, Quebec son (I)-Guillaume Fournier (1619-1699) and (III)-Francoise Hebert, b-1638.
December 3: Nicolas Denys (1598-1688) purchased the rights to the islands of the Gulf of St. Lawrence from Cap Canso to Cap des Rosiers on the Gaspe from the Company of New France.
1654
Thirty five marriages, sixty four births and twenty four deaths are recorded in Kebec, New France.
(I)-Jean Aubuchon of Trois Rivieres married Marguerite Sedilot- age eleven years and 5 months.
Pierre (Laverdure) Doucet, b-1621 fled to Quebec in 1654 when Port Royal, Acadia fell, his 1st wife whom he married in 1640 died in Quebec, 2nd marriage 1660, Heriette Pelletret when he returned to Acadia.
Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Michel Lefebvre, Metis, died October 21, 1708, Trois Riviers son (I)-Pierre Michel Lefebvre, b-1616 and Jeanne Aunois, of the Indian Nation, b-1621, died February 11, 1697, Trois Rivieres: married November 11, 1670 Trois Rivieres: married November 3, 1683, Champlain, Catherine Trotier
(I)-Charles Le Moyne (Lemoine) (1624-1683) married an adopted orphan named Catherine Tierry age 13, likely a Savauge or Metis?
Father Simon Le Moyne (1604-1665), a missionary to the Wendat, journeyed to Iroquois country, promising to establish a mission in 1655.
(I)-Philippe Mius d'Entremont, (1601-1701) receives from (II)-Charles La Tour (1594-1665) one of the few signeurie ever given out in old Acadia, signeurie of Popomcoup (Pubnico), at Cape Sable, Acadia.
(II)-Jacques I Mius d'Entremont, b-1654, East Pubnico, Acadia (Nova Scotia), died 1763, son (I)-Philippe Muis d'Entremont, (1601-1701) and (I)-Madeline Helie Du Tillet, b-1626: married 1677 Acadia Anne La Tour
(II)-Pierre Esprit Chouart dit Radisson, Metis (1636-1710) is reported to be back at Trois Rivieres.
(I)-Claude Volant de St Claude, b-1636, married Trois Rivieres (II)-Francoise Radisson, Metis, b-1636 daughter (I)-Sebastien Hayet de St Malo and Madeleine Heraut or savage: a sister or half sister to (II)-Pierre Esprit Radisson (1636-1710), see 1631
(II) Gilles Trottier (1628-1658) is captured by the Iroquois and freed the following year. He became an interpreter and continued in that role until his death. He never married and gave all his property to the church in Ville-Marie (Montreal). Source Lyle Trottier.
A number of persons are free-trading, and the Company wishes to know the number and quality of such persons.
The Acadian children born between 1654 and 1670 had little or no knowledge of France. Unlike New France, they were not governed by the religious, nor the seigniorial system or an Intendant. Seigneuries were granted at Port Royal, Beaubassin and along the St. John River, but had no influence on daily life. The Acadians adopted the Indian practice of family networks, forging strong family kinships among themselves. The Jesuits, Capuchins, Recollets and Sulpicians took part in religious and educational needs, but no order achieved unquestioned authority like in New France. Every Acadian settlement contained Metis families, usually of Micmac ancestry, and they were readily accepted as Acadians.
Two young Coureurs des Bois encouraged 250 Ottawa to trade into Fort Ville-Marie (Montreal).
The Wendat (Huron) arrive by the hundreds with furs as promised last year.
Thirty Frenchmen and two Jesuits returned with the Ottawa to live among them to improve trade.
The population of Port Royal, Acadia is listed as 250 people, mostly from France. Thomas Temple (1615-1674) and two others obtained the rights of trade and government in Acadia ( Nova Scotia) following the English conquest this year.
Kebec, 6 ships arrived, the Fortune at 100 tonnage captain Pierre Le Besson, the Petit Saint Jean captain Rene Boutin, the Verie from Naples, the Saint Nicoers, the Patriarche Abraham captain Jean Poulet and the Colombe Mouillee.
January 7: Montreal, marriage (I)-Jeanne Solde to Jacques Beauvais dit St. Jeme
February 3: Ville-Marie (Montreal), marriage (I)-Jean Gervaise, procureur fiscal (1621-1690), married (II)-Anne Archambault, Metis?, b-1621, died July 30, 1699, Ville-Marie (Montreal), daughter (I)-Jacques Archambault (1604-1688), and Francloise Toureau, sauvageese?, (1600-1663).
February 9: Quebec, marriage (I)-Pierre Parent (1610-1698) to (II)-Jeanne Baneau., died November 23, 1706 Beauport.
February 28: Montreal, birth (II)-Paul Prud'homme son (I)-Louis Prud'homme (1608-1671) and Roberte Gadois, b-1626:
April: At Ville-Marie (Montreal), a great number of beavers inhibiting the streams and neighboring rivers attracted our Frenchmen thither, as soon as spring opened and the snow and ice melted. On all sides they hunted and waged war against these animals with pleasure and profit alike. A young surgeon in pursuit of beaver is captured by the Onneiochronnon (Iroquois). He was later released and returned to Ville-Marie (Montreal).
April 14: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Etienne Pepin son (I)-Guillaume Pepin dit Tranchemontagne (1607-1697) and Jeanne Mechin, b-1630;
April 28: The ordinance of Governor Jean de Lauzon (1584-1666) took over the fur trade for his own personal profit and decreed that no one else is allowed to trade except those authorized by himself. A Lauson monolophy.
May 3, Quebec, birth (III)-Noel Pelletier, Metis, died September 1, 1712 Riviere Ouelle, son (II)-Jean Pelletier d-1698 and (II)-Anne Langlois, Metis, (1637-1704); married 1676 Madeleine Mtgnault
May 6: Trois Riviers, marriage (I)-Lamorille Lemaistre dit Le Picard (1631-1666), master tailor, married Judith Rigaud, Lamorille was involved in 24 court cases at Trois Riviers
May 19: Quebec, marriage (I)-Charles Philippaux, d-1665 to Catherine Noutet, epouse March 8, 1666, Quebec, Jean Soulard
June: The Tionnontatehronnons (Tobacco Nation) arrived Ville-Marie (Montreal) and Three Rivers to trade furs for French goods. They could speak both the Huron and Algonquin languages. These people are now living near the Lake of the Stinkards (Salt Water), at the Bay of the North.
June: The Iroquois are attacking the Cat Nation and the village of Sonnontoehronnon (Iroquois) is already taken and burned. Among the Cat People are some displaced Huron's.
June: Captain Anniehronnon, a Metis, the son of an Iroquois mother and a Dutch father arrived Kebec from Fort Orange in New Holland to confirm peace with their Savage allies.
July: Captain Anniehronnon, a Metis, returned to Kebec with two French prisoners captured by the Iroquois.
July: The Iroquois are favorably disposed towards the French. The Iroquois are not mistreating their Huron captives. It is not known why their disposition changed over the next few years.
July 4: Robert Sedgwick (1611-1656) of New England, in retaliation for attacks on English ships, attacked Acadia. Because of the civil war started by the infamous (I)-Emmanuel Le Borgue (1610-1675), Acadia had few defenses. Sedgwick easily took Le Heve, Pentagoet and Port Royal.
July 17: Fort Sainte Marie surrendered to Robert Sedgwick (1611-1656) and (II)-Charles La Tour (1595-1665) is taken prisoner.
July 25: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Jean Baptiste Chouart son (I)-Medard Chouart des Groseilliers (1618/1621-1696) and (II)-Marguerite Hayet Radisson, b-1632
August 6: (I)-Medard Chouart Sieur Des Groseilliers (1618-1696) turns Coureurs des Bois and goes to what is known as the Western Area of the North Bay. They go up the Ottawa River, near Lake Nipissing, then down the French River towards Georgian Bay and Lake Huron, to the Links between Lake Erie to Lake Michigan.
August 16: Port Royal surrendered to Robert Sedgwick (1611-1656) of New England. Fort Pentagouet on the Penobscot River also fell.
August 24: Quebec, birth (II)-Jean Rouillard, died August 24, 1711 son (I)-Antoine Rouillard dit Lariviere (1616-1666) and Marie Girard, b-1640.
August 31: Quebec, marriage (I)-Jacques Perrot dit Vildaigre (1629-1703) to Michelle Le Plot, b-1742.
September 2: Robert Sedgwick (1611-1656) of New England, having captured Acadia, departed for England with (II)-Charles La Tour (1595-1665) as his prisoner.
September 19: Jean Aubuchon of Trois Rivieres married Marguerite Sedilot- a child bride who was 11 years and 5 months old.
October 12: Ville-Marie (Montreal), death Yves Batar by the Iroquois.
October 26: Ville-Marie (Montreal), birth (II)-Marguerite Gervaise died January 18, 1690, Ville-Marie (Montreal) daughter (I)- Jean Gervaise, procureur fiscal (1621-1690), and (II)-Anne Archambault, Metis? b-1621, died July 30, 1699 Ville-Marie (Montreal); married February 19, 1669, Ville-Marie (Montreal), (II)-Jean Baptiste Gadois, b-1641, died April 15, 1728 Ville-Marie (Montreal).
October 26: Chateau Richer, birth (II)-Pierre Racine, Metis, died March 14, 1729 Quebec son of (I)-Etienne Racine, b-1607 and (II)-Marguerite Martin, Metis (1624-1679); married July 6, 1682 Ste Familie, Louise Guyon
November 5: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Jeanne Baillargeon, daughter (I)-Mathurin Baillargeon, b-1626 to Marie Metayer, b-1636:
November 8: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Pierre Volant de St. Claude, Metis, died January 3, 1710. Quebec, ordained a priest September 17, 1678, son (I)-Claude Volant de St. Claude, b-1636 and (II)-Francoise Radisson, Metis. b-1636.
November 10: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Claude Volant de St. Claude, Metis, died October 8, 1719, Varnenes, ordained a priest September 17, 1678, son (I)-Claude Volant de St. Claude, b-1636 and (II)-Francoise Radisson, Metis. b-1636.
November 30: Trois Rivieres, death (I)-Louis Lebecheur, b-1629 killed by Iroquois..
FRENCH HISTORY
1655-1659
FRENCH INDEX Return
to Main French INDEX