At this time the French colonists rarely bathe,
believing a bath would cause
colic, headaches and vertigo.
FRENCH HISTORY 1667-1669
FRENCH INDEX Return to Main French INDEX
1664
Thirty eight marriages, two hundred four births and thirty eight deaths are recorded in New France.
(I)-Francoise Charron a Filles du Roi arrived Quebec 1664.
Port Royal, Acadia, (III)-Anne Le Borgne b-1664 daughter (II)-Alexander La Borgne (1640-1693) and (III)-Marie La Tour b-1654; married Jacques Muis, sieur de Poubomcou.
Quebec, marriage, (I)-Genevieve Laurence, b-1643, a Filles du Roi to 1st (I)-Adrien Michelon (164401681): 2nd September 9, 1681 Quebect, Jean Jorunet, dit Guespin.
Central L'Ange Gardien had the following settlers from 1664 to 1680 and appears to have been Church controlled Seigniorial land during this period. The settlers from west to east are:
(I)-Jean Clement alias Lapointe (b-1626) married
Madeline Surget (b-1638) farming 2 arpent,
(I)-Pierre Boivin (b-1646) married 1664 Etienne
Fafard (b-1652) farming 2 arpent,
(I)-Nicholas Quentin alias La Fontaine (b-1633)
married 1660 Madeline Roulois (b-1646) farming 4, arpent, north of Nicholas; 8 arpent was farmed
by de Louis Couillart de Lespinay,
Joseph Guion farming 5 arpent, Francois Herbert alias Le Comte de Roussy farmed
3 arpent,
(II)-Charles Letartre (b-1657) married Marie Maheu
born 1663 and also living here (I)-Mathurin Huot (b-1646) married 1671 Marie Letartre (b-1653)
farming 2 arpent,
(II)-Rene Letartre (b-1627) married 1652 Louise
Goulet (b-1626) farming 2 arpent,
(II)-Nicholas Roussin married Madeleine Pardis (b-1653)
farming 1.7 arpent, which also included the first chapel,
North of Herbert, Letartre's
and Roussin; 8.7 arpent farmed by de Guillaume Couillart Des Chesnes,
(I)-Daniel Perron alias Suire married 1664 Louise
Gargottine and his heirs farming 3 arpent,
Pierre Genfreau alias La Poussiere and his heirs
farming 3 arpent and this property included the second church site,
(I)-Jacques Goulet (b-1615) married Marguerite Maillier
(b-1631) farming 3, arpent,
(I)-Robert de Laberge (b-1638) married 1663 Francoise
Gausse (b-1634) farming 3 arpent,
North of Perron, Gendreau, Goulet and Laberge; 12
arpent farmed by (I)-D'Olivier Le Tardif married 1637 (II)-Louis
Couillart (b-1625),
Dennis Guion farming 3.5 arpent,
Charles Godin farming 2.5 arpent,
North of Guion, Godin; (II)-Guillemette Herbert
(b-1608) (E'P G. Couillart, died 1663),
(II)-Nicholas Roussin married 1668 Madeleine Pardis
(b-1653) farming 3 arpent,
(I)-Jean Roussin married Madeline Gigueres and second
marriage 1655 Marie Lessard farming 2 arpent,
North of Roussin's; Francois Bissot married (II)-Marie
Couillart (b-1633) (E'P Francois Bissot) second marriage
Marie 1675 Jacques de Lalande,
Guillaume Paget farming 2 arpent,
(I)-Jean Mathieu (b-1637) married 1669 Anne Dutertre
(b-1654) farming 4 arpent.
At this time the colonists rarely bathe, believing a bath would cause colic, headaches and vertigo. This European tradition usually resulted in a May bath with June weddings before they started to smell too bad. The brides carried a bouquet of flowers to hid the body odor. Both male and female wore sachets of dried flowers for the same purpose. The natives bathed fairly often and couldn't understand this strange practice.
The French court was told most of the Quebec population were mainly unmarried males, many of whom interbred freely with the savages, wasting their seed among the pagans, instead of increasing the strength of the colony. Most of these Metis offspring are absorbed into the Indian population and are not recorded in the French records. This situation led to the filles du roi program of sending orphan girls, daughters of debtors, streetwalkers and runaway wives to New France. Only fifteen out of the first 150 could not find husbands and ended up in domestic service.
The first history of Canada, 'Historia canadensis' was published this year in Paris, France.
Maryland passed the "black code" which declared that any Negro in the colony was a slave for life by virtue of his color. This conflicted with Church doctrine that stated only pagans could be enslaved and must be released when baptized.
The Jesuit Bishop, Father (I)- Francois Xavier de Laval Montmorency (1623-1708), established tithe to the church of Canada at 1/20 of the labor of men (cultivation of the soil), but the fur trade is naturally excluded.
The New France Colony begs France to send an army to deal with the Iroquois who now control the St. Lawrence River system. The King agrees that the Iroquois must be exterminated.
The denier tournois along with the copper double liard, the denier was one of the predominant coins in circulation in New France up to the 1660's. The denier, although rated at 1 denier in France, circulated as a 2 denier piece in New France. The merchants saw a chance for a quick profit and imported these coins in large quantities. This resulted in an over supply prompting the government of Quebec to ban the denier altogether in 1664. The Order of the Sovereign Council which demonetized the denier allowed the double tournois to remain in circulation but reduced its value to 1 denier to curb its excessive importation. It had formally circulated at 4 deniers in New France. The liard had circulated as a 6 deniar coin and this was devalued to a 2 denier coin to discourage its excessive importation.
January 22: Quebec, marriage (I)-Jeanne Dodier a Filles du Roi to 1st (I)-Adrien Jolet sieur de Chansenaye: 2nd 1672 Antoine Baillarge
February: A Savage named Robert Hachel ravished a young woman whom he met on the road, due to drunkenness.
February 4: Quebec, marriage (I)-Jeanne Repoche, b-1646, a Filles du Roi to (I)-Jerome Bilodeau, b-1638
February 11: Quebec, marriage (I)-Joachine La Fleur, a Filles du Roi, to (I)-Pierre Martin, d-1711
February 26: Chateau Richer, marriage (I)-Louise Gargottin, a Filles du Roi to 1st. (I)-Daniel Perron dit Suire: 2nd January 7, 1679, L'Ange Gardien, Charles Louis Alain:
February 26: Quebec, marriage (I)-Marthe Ragot (Ragu), (1632-1693), a Filles du Roi to (I)-Louis Sampson (1638-1724)
March: The English by order of James Promptly under command of Richard Nicolls sent an army, to reduce the Dutch Colony to obedience. Thus ended the Dutch influence by the capture of New Amsterdam (New York).
March 12: King Charles II granted the territory between the St. Croix River and the Kennebec River to James, Duke of York.
April 21: Chateau Richer, marriage (I)-Jacqueline Lauvergnat, b-1637, a Filles du Roi to 1st Pierre Gaulin (1630-1677; 2nd epouse Marc Bareau
April 21: Quebec, marriage (I)-Anne Lepine, b-1637, a Filles du Roi to (I)-Francois Boucher dit Vin d'Espagne, b-1637
May 17: Quebec, birth (II)-Louise Soumande, Metis, died November 28, 1708, Quebec, daughter (I)-Pierre Soumande (1619-1689) and (II)-Simone Cote, Metis, b-1637
May 28: The Company of The West Indies, organized by Jean Baptiste Colbert (1619-1683), is created this date to exploit the resources of the French Colonial possessions. These include Acadia, Newfoundland, the mainland from north of Canada to Virginia and Florida, as far and as deep as they could extend to the interior. Besides full seigniory and proprietorship is included a monopoly on the fur trade.
June: Thirty six (36) girls (Filles du Roi) arrived in Quebec and were distributed between Quebec, Trois Rivers and Ville-Marie (Montreal). It is noteworthy that by month end, only three remained unmarried and one was seized by the Iroquois and taken captive.
June 1: Trois Rivieres, marriage (II)-Jean Masse Fafart, b-1657, died December 21, 1756, Detroit son (I)-Francois (1630-1711) and Marie Richard (1636-1696): married to (II)-Marguerite Couc (Couck), Metis daughter (I)-Pierre Coug dit Lafleur, b-1624 and Marie Mite8ameg8k8e Algonquine, sauvagesse, b-1631, died August 6, 1665 Trois Rivieres
June 5: Trois Rivers, Quebec, baptism, (III)-Marguerite Couc alias Couck, dit Lafleur, Metis, birth June 1, 1664, daughter (II)-Pierre Couc dit Lafleur (1624-1690) and Marie Mite8ameg8k8e (Miteouamigoukoue), an Algonquine, sauvagesse, (1631-1699); 1st married 1690 d'en Haut, likely Detroit?, (II)-Jean Fafard dit Jean Fafart dit Maconce or Macons, b-1657, died December 21, 1756, Fort Detroit, he was a voyageur and interpreter; 2nd marriage 1705 Detroit, Michel Masse..
June 7: Trois Riviers, birth (II)-Maurice Menard, son (I)-Jacques Menard dit Lafontaine, b-1629 and Catherine Fortier, b-1637: married 1692 St. Ignace, Michillimakinac, married (II)-Madeleine Couc, Metis, born 1669 daughter (I)-Pierre Couc dit Lafleur b-1624 and Marie Mite8ameg8k8e, Algonquine, (1631-1699);
July 21: Quebec, marriage (I)-Anne Loiseau, b-1636, a Filles du Roi to 1st Guillaume Gendrn (1630-1687): 2nd epouse August 2, 1688, Montreal, Charles Lemoine dit Charlesville.
July 26: Quebec, marriage (I)-Marguerite Gaillard dite Duplessis, a Filles du Roi to 1st. Francois Provost (Prevost): 2nd January 12, 1671 to Louis Saucier: 3rd November 1677 to Michel Legardeau die Sanssoucy
July 26: Quebec, marriage (I)-Marguerite Gambier, b-1641, a Filles du Roi to (I)-Michel Nicolas Legardeau dit Sanssoucy, b-1636
July 26: The Sovereign Council of New France fixed the prices of commodities and stipulated that price tags be attached to goods. The cost of passage from Quebec to France is fixed at 33 livres, and the shipment of beaver skins to France at 10 livres per hundredweight.
August 15; Quebec, birth (II)-Marie Madeleine Vachon, Metis, died September 26, 1715 Beauport, daughter (I)-Paul Vachon (1630-1703) and (II)-Marguerite Langlois, Metis (1639-1697); married November 26, 1681, Beauport, Raphael Giroux
August 27: Quebec, marriage (I)-Marie Sainte Vie dite Lamotte, b-1650, a Filles du Roi to (I)-Jean Poitras, b-1639
September 8: Fort Orange was captured by Richard Nicolls and renamed Fort Albany. Richard Nicolls became governor and named New Amsterdam as New York
September 16: Quebec, marriage (I)-Marie Repoche, b-1636, a Filles du Roi to (I)-Julien Jamin (Jamein), (1634-1704)
October 18: (I)-Louis Garnaud assisted at the L'Ange Gardien's first mass at the home of Jean Trudel on October 18, 1664. The celebrant is Father Louis Ango Des Maizerets who arrived at Fort Quebec on September 15, 1663. The following year, the residents built a small chapel on the property of Nicholas Roussin.
October 28: Quebec, marriage (I)-Anne Gendreau (Gentreau), b-1643, a Filles du Roi, to (I)-Rene Le Duc, b-1639
October 29: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Etienne Volant de St. Claude, Metis, son (I)-Claude Volant de St. Claude, b-1636 and (II)-Francoise Radisson, Metis. b-1636: married December 9, 1693 Sorel, Genevieve Le Tendre..
October 30: Quebec, marriage (I)-Francoise Huche, (1644-1699), a Filles du Roi, to (II)-Guillaume Bonhomme, d-1710
November 23: Kebec, marriage (I)-Claude De Mangeon, b-1644, a Filles du Roi, to (I)-Thomas Lesueur dit Lagrandeur
1665
Seventy four marriages, one hundred seventy eight births and fifty four deaths are recorded in New France. The first triplets were born in Ville-Marie (Montreal).
(I)-Medard Chouart Sieur Des Groseilliers (1618-1695/98) and his brother-in-law (II)-Pierre Esprit Chouart dit Radisson, Metis (1636-1710) take their plan to England to go to the Sea of the North (Hudson Bay) to harvest furs.
(I)-Jeanne De Merinne a Filles du Roi arrived Quebec 1665
Port Royal, Acadia, (III)-Marguerite Le Borgne b-1665 daughter (II)-Alexander La Borgne (1640-1693) and (III)-Marie La Tour b-1654; married Abraham Muis.
(III)-Jeanne de Saint Etienne de La Tour, Metis, daughter (II)-Charles (Turgis) de Saint-Etienne de La Tour (1595-1665), married 1625, Acadia, a Mi'Kmaw; married 1665 Pentagouet, Acadia d'Apprendestiguy de Martignon.
The Jesuits claim that hitherto Canada has been regarded simply as Canada.
A census at the mission of the Mountain of Ville-Marie (Montreal) listed five hundred and twenty five people. The total French population of New France is 3,215. Quebec, at this time only had seventy private houses.
The New France Governor Augustin de Saffray de Mezy, d-1665 is on bad terms with the Jesuits.
Alexandre de Proville, Marquis de Tracy, d-1670, is temporary Governor of New France.
Groseilliers and Radisson, the Coureurs des Bois, after being rejected by France, New France and New England, find themselves meeting with the king of England. This encounter will lead to the formation of the Hudson Bay Company and the loss of America to the English.
The soldiers, 350 in all, are ordered to build a fort at Lake Champlain to cut the route of the Iroquois. They, however, have no carpenters or skilled trades people to assist them. The were given very few tools. Many of the men are sickly, barefoot and without proper clothing and have too few cooking pots.
Fort Saint Louis, later renamed Fort Chambly, is built by the Carignan Salieres Regiment on the Richelieu River near Chambly, Quebec, in burned down in 1702.
This year the Dutch attacked St. John's, Newfoundland.
About 100 canoes of Outaouax (Ojibwa) arrived from Lake Superior at Three Rivers to trade their furs. A Frenchman who traveled with them reported they had 100,000 fighting men. They had more than 100 villages. He is likely referring to the whole region from the Iroquois in the east to the Nadouessioux (Dakota) to the west, south to the Illinois and north to the Bay of the north. These Nations visit to trade with the Ojibwa of Lake Superior at both Sault Ste Marie and La Pointe.
February 1: Cap St. Ignace, birth (III)-Jean Cote, Metis, died November 3, 1687 son (II)-Louis Cote d-1669 and (II)-Elizabeth Langlois, Metis b-1645: married January 8, 1691 Cap St. Ignace, Genevieve Bernier..
March 19: Quebec, birth (II)-Jean Fournier, Metis daughter (I)-Guillaume Fournier, (1619-1699) and (III)-Francoise Hebert, Metis b-1637: married 1687, Quebec, Marie LeRoy.
March 23: The French King divided the responsibilities of New France between the Intendant and the Governor. The new Governor is (I)-Daniel de Remy, Sieur de Courcelle (1665-1672/98). The Royal Governors term is September 12, 1665 to September 12, 1672. They say he arrived 'breathing nothing but war', determined to destroy the Iroquois. He quarreled frequently with (I)-Jean Talon, Intendant. The Intendant handles civil matters and the Governor handles military affairs.
March 23: (I)-Jean Talon (1625-1694) is appointed Intendant to New France (September 23, 1665-October 22, 1668) and the new Viceroy de Alexandre de Prouville de Tracy, d-1670, arrives in Fort Quebec. Intendant (I)-Jean Talon (1625-1694) issued a decree that forbade all bachelors to leave the colony for hunting, fishing or furs until all the 'filles du Roi' from France were married. It is noteworthy that Talon never married himself, yet orders others to marry. About 150 'filles du Roi' arrive each year. The French Minister of Marine, Jean Baptiste Colbert, established the King's dowry to encourage migration to New France.
April 13: Quebec, birth (III)-Marie Miville. Metis, daughter, (II)-Francois Miville and (II)-Marie Langlois, Metis (1636-1687; married November 12, 1684 Michel Gosselin.
April 28: Quebec, birth (III)-Genevieve Pinguet, Metis, died December 23, 1702, Quebec, daughter (II)-Pierre Pinguet dit La Glardiere (1630-1704) and (II)-Anne Chevalier, Metis; married January 19, 1682, Quebec (I)-Pierre Gatien.
May 6: Jacques Leneuf de La Potherie (1606-1685), the Governor of Trois Rivieres, acted as interim Governor of New France from May 6, 1665 to September 12, 1665.
May 10: Quebec, birth Guillaume Chevalier, Metis, son Rene Chevalier (1626-1679) and (II)-Jeanne Langlois, Metis b-1643, Quebec: married Fevruary 3, 1689, Beauport, Jeanne Gauthier.
June 3: Quebec, birth (II)-Therese Prevost, Metis, died May 20, 1743, Beauport, daughter (I)-Martin Prevost, (1611-1691) and Marie Oliver Sylvestre, Sauvagesse, (1626-1665): married August 18, 1683, Beauport, Michel Giroux.
June 17 & 19: Two ships arrived Kebek (Quebec) from La Rochelle, France with four Companies of the Carignan Salieres Regiment. All the soldiers arrived in good health.
June 30: Alexandre de Prouville de Tracy, d-1670, arrived in Quebec with the Carignan Salieres Regiment, with 100 French officers arriving in 4 ships which included 1,000 to 1,100 of Frances best. These French veterans of wars with the Turks were shipped by Marquis de Troy to put down the Iroquois rebels. Their commander is Heri de Chastelard de Salieres. The Jesuits told the soldiers that this was a holy war against the Iroquois. The soldiers, however, are poorly equipped for service in Canada. The regiment built the following forts this year: Fort Sorel on the site of Fort Richelieu; Fort Saint Louis on the Richelieu River directly east of Ville-Marie (Montreal); Fort Sainte Therese on the Richelieu River; Fort Sainte Anne at the north end of Lake Champlain; and Fort Saint Jean on the Richelieu River. A road was built between Ville-Marie (Montreal) and Chambly.
July 1: illegitimate birth Jeanne, baptised May 21, 1666 at Chateau-Richer daughter Marie Cathherine Cotton, a Kings Daughter and unknown father, Marie married February 1, 1666, Quebec, Oierre Brunet.
July 16: Twelve horses from Havre, France arrived and the Savages called them the moose of France. The ship also brought 8 girls and others.
July 16: King Louise XIV of France shipped 21 mares and 2 stallions from the Royal stables to New France. This is the source of the Quebec hardy black horses, later called the French Canadian or Canadian breed, still prized by many Quebec farmers. Others suggest only twelve horses are brought to Quebec at this time, the first since Montmagny time. The shipment of 2 stallions and 20 mares to the colony and 8 of the mares having perished on the journey.
August 6: About 400 Outawak (Ottawa) arrived with furs to trade at Kebec (Quebec).
August 6: Trois Rivieres, death, (II)-Pierre Couc, Metis son (I)-Pierre Coug dit Lafleur, b-1624 and Marie Mite8ameg8k8e Algonquine, sauvagesse, b-1631, died August 6, 1665 Trois Rivieres
August 7: Father (I)-Claude Jean Allouez (1613-1689) returned with the Outawak, and then set out for Lac Tracy (Lake Superior) region. He followed the trail of trader Jean Nicolet to Green Bay.
August 11: Quebec, marriage (I)-Madeleine Carbonnet, (1642-1711), a Filles du Roi, to (II)-Etienne Sedilot dit Desnoyers, d-1688
August 18-19: Two more vessels arrived with 4 more companies of soldiers including Monsieur de Salieres, colonel of the regiment.
September 12: Eight more companies of soldiers arrived from France. Monsieur de Courcelles, lieutenant general arrived this contingent. At the same time, ships came filled with over four hundred settlers, mechanics and girls of marriageable age to provide wives for those who lacked them. The officers of the Carignan Salieres Regiment had the first choice of the filles du roi (Kings Girls). Ships also contained livestock and all manner of supplies. The final ships arrived in September, being one hundred and seventeen days at sea. Twenty men died as soon as they set foot on shore. One hundred fell so ill they were in hospital. In all, more than two thousand people arrived this summer.
September 19: Chateau Richer, birth (III)-Pierre Paul Cloutier, Metis, died September 25, 1665, Chateau Richer, son (II)-Jean Cloutier, (1621-1690) and (II)-Marie Martin, Metis, (1635-1699);
September 23: (I)-Jean Talon (1625-1694) was Intendant of New France from September 12, 1665 to 1668. His official title said he was Intendant of justice, police, and finance "in Canada, Acadia, and Newfoundland." He is to assist at the Councils of War and, in the absence of the Governor General and the Governor, will preside over the Sovereign Council. The Jesuits have interfered with temporal authority in the past, and Talon is commanded to ensure the Jesuit stay to Episcopal functions and to maintain a just balance between the two authorities without disclosing his motives. Intendant (I)-Jean Talon (1625-1694), Viceroy de Alexandre de Prouville de Tracy, d-1670, and Governor Sieur de Courcelle (1665-1672) came to agreement with the Jesuit Bishop, Father (I)- Francois Xavier de Laval Montmorency, (1623-1708) that church tithe shall be 1/26 on grains only and payable to the parish priest. This formally established all parish priests as tax collectors.
September 25: Quebec, marriage (I)-Marie Madeleine Boutet (1644-1703), a Filles du Roi, to (I)-(II)-Rene Gervis Bisson, b-1637
September 28: (II)-Francois Garnaud is born on September 28, 1665 at L'Ange Gardien son (I)-Louis Garnaud and (I)-Marie Mazoue. His baptism is at Chateau Richer, as there is no church at L'Ange Gardien at this time. It is noteworthy that early settlers to New France excluded Jews and Protestants. If there was any doubt as to religion, the Bishop of Quebec had to reiterate their baptismal and communion vows.
September 29: (II)-Germain Morin (1642-1702) is ordained a priest; the first Canadian born.
October 2: A ship arrived from Normandy, France with 82 girls and women. Fifty of the girls were from charitable institutions in Paris. The ship also brought 130 laboring men.
October 5: Quebec, birth (III)-Daniel Joseph Amiot (Amyot) Villeneuve died December 19, 1688 son (II)-Mathieu dit Villeneuve Amyot and Marie Miville; married Marie Kape8apnok8e (Outaouaise).
October 12: Quebec, marriage (I)-Francoise Desjardins, a Filles du Roi to Nicolas Droissy.
October 15: Quebec, marriage (I)-Jacques Galarneau b-1642 to (I)-Jacqueline Heron b-1645, France, epouse May 9, 1706 Ville-Marie (Montreal), Jean Picard. Tanguay suggests Heron = Huron but Johan suggests Heron was a family name in France and that she was born in France.
October 19: Chateau Richer, marriage (II)-Jean Langlois dit Boisverdun, Metis (1641-1687) son (I)-Noel Langlois (1606-1634) and Francoice Grenier (Garnier) d-1665, sauvagesse; married (II)-Francoise Charlotte Belanger, epouse 1695 Thomas Rousseau..
October 26: Quebec, marriage (I)-Jeanne Bouchard, b-1644, a Filles du Roi, to (I)-Martin Foisy, b-1689: epouse June 1689, Rene Dumas
December 13: A peace treaty with the Iroquois is made in Quebec.
1666
France made a decision not to send more colonists to New France. They thought it "would not be prudent to depopulate its kingdom to populate Canada".
The mission Ste. Famillie, Ile d'Orleans de la Province de Quebec is established this year.
Thirty five marriages, two hundred six births and fifty four deaths are recorded in New France.
(II)-Charles La Tour (1594-1666) dies in Acadia.
Andre Martin, Metis, b-1666, Acadia, son Pierre Martin, b-1631 and Anne Ouestnorouest dit Petitous, b-1644; (1671 census)
Birth (II)-Michelle Rate, Metis, son (I)-Jacques Rate, (1630-1690) and (II)-Anne Martin, Metis, b-1645.
An ancestor of the Garneau clan, (II)-Marie Catherine Durand, is born June 4, 1666 at Cap Rouge (Sillery), New France daughter (I)-Jean Durand born 1640 and (II)-Catherine Annennontak (Huronne) born 1649. (I)-Jean Durand is the son of Louis Durand and Madeleine Malvande of Deuil, Diocese of Saints.
The first Canadian census, by (I)-Jean Talon (1625-1694),
showed that 11,448 arpents (1 arpent = 5/6 acre) are under cultivation, there
are three thousand one hundred and seven heads of cattle and eight five sheep
in all of New France.
Quebec 555
Beaupre 678
Beauport 172
Ile d'Orleans 471
St. Jean, St. Francois and St. Michel
156
Sillery 217
Notre Dame des Anges and the St. Charles River
118
Cote de Lauzon 6
Ville-Marie (Montreal) 584
Three Rivers 461
Total
3,418
Others suggest the population count was 3,215; 2,034 men, 1,181 women and 528 married couples. It is not known if the 1,200 to 2,500 soldiers are included or excluded from the count.
The Jesuits considered this year as a continuous series of wars with the Iroquois Nation.
King Louis XIV of France restored the fur trade to the inhabitants but they were required to pay a royalty to the Company of The West Indies.
January 9: Viceroy de Alexandre de Prouville de Tracy, d-1670, and Monsieur de Courcelle (1665-1672) chose January, during the coldest period, as the time to tell the soldiers to attack the Iroquois (Mohawk). They were not provided with snowshoes, axes or proper equipment. Sieurs de la Fouille, Maximin and Lobial with their men joined the army. They had 500 French soldiers and 200 Canadian home guards. They searched for a month, trying to locate an Iroquois village. Only 100 would survive, having not fought a single battle nor killed a single Iroquois. These few survivors are saved because they stumble upon an English settlement. The Governors invasion is a total disaster. Others suggest that the Mohawk ambushed the French, killing eleven men and wounding many more. The Mohawk only lost three men and had six wounded. Others suggest only 60 men died from exposure and hunger by March 17. The Jesuits claim a number of Iroquois houses were burned and a number of Iroquois were killed on this campaign. This humiliation, however resulted in the assignment on another 1,300 men to the war effort.
February 7/27, Quebec, birth/death (III)-Marie Delphine Pelletier, Metis, daughter (II)-Jean Pelletier d-1698 and (II)-Anne Langlois, Metis, (1637-1704)
February 20: During a French assault, 6 Frenchmen fell along with 4 Iroquois and a number of Savages were taken prisoner. A young half-breed boy was among the captives. A Dutch commandant asked for the return of the half-breed to his uncle.
March 29: death Michel Guibert, b-1648, a nephew of Jean Chicot, in a brule village of Onoi8tsonnans
April 21: Quebec, birth, (II)-Marie Durand, Metis, daughter (I)-Jean Durand (1640-1671) and Annennontank, Huronne b-1649, married July 31, 1688, Mathurin Cadau et Cadot (1649-1729).
May 11: Ville-Marie (Montreal), birth (II)-Nicolas Gervaise, Metis, (1666-1750), son, (I)- Jean Gervaise (1621-1690), and (II)-Anne Archambault, Metis (1621- 1699); married July 27, 1693 Pointe Aux Trembles de Ville-Marie (Montreal), (II)-Madeleine Peyet, b-1677 daughter (I)-Pierre Payet.
May 24: Quebec, birth (II)-Jeanne Soumande, Metis, died July 31, 1677, Quebec, daughter (I)-Pierre Soumande (1619-1689) and (II)-Simone Cote, Metis, b-1637
May 25: The Agniehronnons at Fort Sainte Anne, Lake Champlain killed Sieur de Trauersy and Sieur de Chusy. They took a number of prisoners. Monsieur Sorl immediately ordered 300 men to dispatch these Savages but a peace envoy met the army 20 leagues from their village with the prisoners and pleaded for peace.
May 25: A peace treaty with the Seneca in Quebec.
June 24: Quebec, birth (II)-Joseph Du Bocq, Metis son (I)-Laurent Du Bocq b-1636 and Marie Felix Arontio, Huronne, Sauvagesse.
July 12: A peace treaty with the Oneidas is reached.
September 14: Viceroy de Alexandre de Prouville de Tracy, d-1670, and Monsieur de Courcelle (1665-1672) began a second attack against the Mohawks, with 1,500 men departing Quebec.
September 18; Quebec, birth (II)-Marie Charlotte Vachon, Metis, daughter (I)-Paul Vachon (1630-1703) and (II)-Marguerite Langlois, Metis (1639-1697);
September 28: The Agniehronnons were still defiant so Monsieur de Alexandre de Prouville de Tracy, d-1670, assembled a 1,300 man army to deal with this tribe once and for all. They assembled at Fort Saint Anne, recently rebuilt by sieur de la Mothe, on an Island of Lake Champlain, about 4 leagues from the outlet.
October: The Agniehronnons retreated as the French advanced. The French therefore destroyed all their villages, corn and bean supplies. The fields were destroyed if the crops had not been harvested. This winter is the coldest and longest in 30 years and many Iroquois starved to death.
October 15: The French war army reached Mohawk territory, but the Mohawk retreated. Four Mohawk villages are put to the torch and the land was claimed for Louis XIV. New France assembles 600 French soldiers, 600 Canadian home guard and 100 Indians to march on the Iroquois. The Mohawk retreated, and four villages, containing over one hundred long houses, are burnt. This scorched earth policy, the French believed, humiliates the Iroquois Nation.
November: It is reported that ten Frenchmen drowned in Lake Champlain.
November 5: The French army returned to Quebec without engaging the Mohawk.
December 16: The Sovereign Council abolished the death penalty for selling liquor to the Savages, replacing it with fines.
FRENCH HISTORY
1667-1669
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