King Louis XIV makes the clergy subordinate to the Governor of New France
FRENCH HISTORY 1670-1675
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The Wendat asked that if chastity is such a fine thing, why did not all the French
Christians practice it?
1667
Seventy five marriages, two hundred twenty seven births and thirty three deaths are recorded in New France.
The first Canadian census recorded 3,215 non-Native inhabitants.
(II)-Marie Artaut, Metis, b-1667 in the country, daughter (I)-Pierre Artaut, Sieur de la Tour, b-1630 country married 1670 Louise Sauvagesse, b-1621; married 1680 Michel des Rosiers dit St. Michel.
Trois Rivieres, Quebec, birth (III)-Isabelle-Elisabeth Couc dit Lafleur/Montour, dit la femme de Tichenet and La Tichenette, (aka La Chenette), Metis, daughter (II)-Pierre Couc dit Lafleur (1624-1690) and Marie Mite8ameg8k8e (Miteouamigoukoue), an Algonquine, sauvagesse, (1631-1699); 1st married April 30, 1684, Sorel, Richelieu, Quebec, Joachim Germano/Germaneau. of Riviere dite du Loup, son Jean Germano/Germaneau and Catherine Choury, Metis; 2nd married 1704 Pierre Tichenet, d-1706 Fort Pontchartrain (Detroit);3rd marriage 1706, Oneida Carandawana.
Etienne Trudeau (1641-1712) married Adrienne Barbier, who arrived 1642. They had 14 children, three of who became voyageurs.
West L'Ange Gardien is du Fief de Charleville from 1677 to 1694. The settlers of this area, until 1680, starting from the Montmorency River East, are as follows:
(I)-Louis Carreau alias La Fraicheur (b-1621) married
1654 Jeanne Lerouge (b-1625) farming 2 arpent,
(II)-Francois Vesina (b-1644) married 1670 Jeanne
Le Marie (b-1645) farming 4 arpent,
(I)-Louis Garnaud (b-1641) married 1663 (I)-Marie
Mazoue (b-1644) farming 2 arpent,
Jean Grignon married 1645 Elizabeth Couillart farming
3 arpent,
(I)-Charles Garner (Grenier) (b-1636) married (II)-Marie
Louise Vesina and second wife? (Gertrude Couillart) farming 4
arpent,
Raymond Paget alias Quercy &? (Charles Couillart
des Islets) farming 6 arpent,
(I)-Jacques Marette alias Lespine (b-1631) married
1660 Marie Paget (b-1648) farming 3 arpent,
(I)-Rene Brisson (b-1635) married 1665 Anne Vesina
(b-1651) farming 3 arpent,
North of Marette and Brisson; Nicholas Couillart de Belleroche,
(I)-Jacques Vesina married Marie Bourbon farming
3 arpent,
(II)-Pierre Tetu Du Tilly (b-1636) married 1667
Genevieve Rigault (b-1649) farming 3 arpent,
North of Vesina and Tetu; Arrierre-Fief Maquart (Marguerite Couillart)
Pierre Maheust Des Hazards farming 2 2/3 arpent,
(I)-Jean Trudel (b-1629) married 1655 Quebec a (I)-Marguerite
Thomas (b-1634) farming 2 2/3 arpent,
North of Maheust and Trudel; de Jean-Baptiste Le Gardeur (b-1635) married
1656 (II)-Marguerite Nicolet (b-1642)
(Fief Le Gardeur) farming
8 arpent,
Domain du Fief de Charleville farming 6 2/3 arpent,
(I)-Thomas Touchet (b-1626) married Susanne Ferrier
(b-1618) farming 3 arpent,
North of Charleville and Touchet; Germain Le Barbier farming 7 arpent,
(I)-Laurent Gignard born 1636 married Marie Elisabeth
Sorin (b-1641) farming 3 arpent,
(I)-Antoine Ossant (b-1645) married Marie Vesina
farming 2 arpent,
(I)-Jean Jacquereau (b-1628) married 1663 Catherine
Guilot farming 2 arpent,
North of Gignard, Ossant and Jacquereau; Arriere Fief Maquart.
The Treaty of Breda restored Acadia to France. Paris largely ignored Acadia, and Quebec's war with the Iroquois left little time for Acadia concerns. The colonists of Port Royal expanded to establish colonies at Grand Pre, Piziquid (Windsor, Acadia ( Nova Scotia), Cobequid (Truro, Acadia ( Nova Scotia)) and Beaubassin (New Brunswick-Acadia ( Nova Scotia) border). They are living like true republicans, not acknowledging royal or judicial authority. They became a new culture of people called the Acadians. Their natural abundance freed them from daily drudgery, and outsiders considered them lazy, obstinate, ignorant (few could read or write), yet say they have great hospitality are content and practical. The Acadians would suffer for the actions of the Quebec French against the English.
Rene Robert Cavelier de La Salle (1643-1687) arrived in New France and is granted a signatory at Lachine by the Sulpicians.
The Jesuits believe the upper town of Kebek (Quebec) is of importance only on account of the churches and religious houses.
Caughnawaga across the river from Ville-Marie (Montreal) is established by Father Pierre Raffeix (1633-1724) a Jesuit, for the Onedia and some French settlers and later a group of Mohawes from New York. The settlement moved a number of times finally settling near St. Regis in 1755.
Father Pierre Raffeix (1633-1724) a Jesuit, wintered Isles Perees (Islets in the St. Lawrence, opposite Boucherville, now called Isles Communes).
(I)-Nicolas Perrot (1644-1717) formed a fur trading company.
February 4: A celebration ball was held in New France for their victory over the Iroquois, even though they never engaged them in combat. The ball was reported to be the first in Canada and was given by sieur Chartier's. The Jesuits prayed, "that it do not set a precedent."
February 5: The mining of iron ore began at Trois Rivieres this year.
February 24: Quebec, birth (III)-Francois Miville. Metis, son, (II)-Francois Miville and (II)-Marie Langlois, Metis (1636-1687
February 28: Chateau Richer, birth (III)-Jean Francois Langlois, Metis, son (II)-Jean Langlois dit Boisverdun, Metis (1641-1687) and (II)-Francoise Charlotte Belanger, epouse 1695 Thomas Rousseau: married 1692 Genevieve Rousseau.
March 7: Quebec, birth (III)-Jean Cote, Metis, died November 3, 1687 son (II)-Louis Cote d-1669 and (II)-Elizabeth Langlois, Metis b-1645:
March 27: (I)-Rene Robert Cavelier de La Salle (1643-1687) arrived at New France, having been relieved of his vows to the Society of Jesus (Jesuit) because of mental instability (moral weakness).
April: The Iroquois Nation sued for a peace that was to last for approximately twenty years. Four hundred soldiers elected to stay in New France, most settled along the Richelieu and St. Lawrence Rivers as a buffer to the Iroquois. Charlesbourg, seven kilometers north of Fort Quebec, was created by (I)-Jean Talon (1625-1694), the Intendant at the time, to reduce the population pressure on Fort Quebec. Three separate communities called Bour Royal, Bourg La Reine and Bourg Talon have erected forty houses. A shrewd plan to make these new villages easy of defense, the tracts of land for individual use cut in triangle shapes. The houses built at the narrow angle where the tips of all the tracts came together for security against attack. Shipbuilding was introduced by (I)-Jean Talon (1625-1694), and by 1667, the building of six ships employed three hundred and fifty men. The Viceroy de Alexandre de Prouville de Tracy, d-1670, is returned to France.
April 2: King Louis XIV issued a civil code for New France and established courts.
April 16: Chateau Richer, birth (III)-Pierre Cloutier, Metis, son (II)-Jean Cloutier, (1621-1690) and (II)-Marie Martin, Metis, (1635-1699); married February 27, 1696, Chateau Richer, Jeanne Verreau
April 28: Quebec, birth (II)-Simon Fournier, Metis son (I)-Guillaume Fournier, (1619-1699) and (III)-Francoise Hebert, Metis b-1637: married 1691, Catherine.
May 5, Ste Famille, birth (III)-Marie Pelletier, Metis, died November 6, 1725 Cap St. Ignace, daughter (II)-Jean Pelletier d-1698 and (II)-Anne Langlois, Metis, (1637-1704); 1st married May 5, 1686 Cap St. Ignace, Jacques Gerber; 2nd married November 26, 1700 Cap Ste Ignace, Mathieu Geillet
June 28: A coiner of counterfeit money is hanged in Kabek (Quebec).
July 19: Sieur Bondy, while intoxicated, was drowned near the Island of Orleans, he was buried like a dog, near the Jesuit Mill.
July 25: Chateau Richer, marriage (II)-Martin Cote, Metis, born July 12, 1639 son (I)-Jean Cote, d-1661 and (II)-Anne Martin, Metis d-1684; married (II)-Suzanne Page..
July 31: The treaty of Breda returned Acadia to the French.
August 6: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Pierre Couc, Metis son (I)-Pierre Couc dit Lafleur b-1624, and Marie Mite8ameg8k8e, Algonquine sauvagesse (1631-1699).
August 25: The French King sent 350 laboring men and 60 girls, to Kabek (Quebec), to populate the country. Horses and sheep are also provided.
August 28: Alexandre de Prouville de Tracy, d-1670, military governor New France, departed for France.
September 14: Father Francois Elie is dismissed by the Jesuits, leaving under secular garb and under the name sieur de Bennecour.
September 25: A number of girls, over 80, and more than 100 workmen, 14 or 15 horses arrived in Kabek (Quebec).
October 24: Quebec, marriage Barthelemy Tesson to Jeanne Levasseur, a Kings Daughter, making her the 5th of his 6th wives 4 of whom are still in France.
October 27: One hundred and nine (109) young ladies (Filles du Roi) arrived in Quebec from Dieppe and La Rochelle; 84 from Dieppe, 25 from La Rochelle. Only 15-20 were from good families, several are real young ladies and well brought, up according to (I)-Jean Talon (1625-1694). He had requested 50 from good families. The term young ladies could include girls from 12 to 30 years of age. Real young ladies must suggest less than 12 years of age? This shipment of girls arrived in poor condition, being badly fed and robbed of half their clothing. (I)-Jean Talon (1625-1694) tried to charm them out of their sadness and helped them regain their vigor and plumpness. He did this to ensure early marriage and to prevent this becoming an obstacle to sending young ladies next year.
November 30: A man was hanged for having ravished a little girl, eleven years of age.
December 7: Ste Familie, birth II)-Jean Baptiste Rate, Metis, son (I)-Jacques Rate, (1630-1690) and (II)-Anne Martin, Metis, b-164; married 1697 Madeleine Blouard.
1668
The mission Boucherville de la Province de Quebec is established this year. Pierre Boucher began farming this year but did not receive his Seigneury until 1672 when he built a palisade to protect the community from the Iroquois.
Eighty four marriages, two hundred eleven births and thirty one deaths are recorded in New France.
(II)-Marie Francoise Froget, Metis daughter (I)-Nicolas Froget dit Despatis, b-1620 and (II)-Madeleine Martin, Metis; married Maurice Pasquier.
(II)-Nicolas Volant de St. Claude, b-1668, Metis, died January 26, 1703, Quebec, son (I)-Claude Volant de St. Claude, b-1636 and (II)-Francoise Radisson, Metis. b-1636: married Marguerite Godfroy: married July 30, 1696, Quebec, Genevieve Niel
The King of France wants the Savages children brought up in the French manner of life, in order to civilize them. It was noted the French have as many as 15-16 children whereas the Savages have 2-3 children.
As a result of a suggestion from the Jesuit, (I)-Jean Talon (1625-1694) saw to the building of the first brewery in St. Charles, a section of Fort Quebec, that could produce four thousand hogs-heads of beer annually. Father Francois Le Mercier wrote that this would force a decrease in the use of intoxicating drinks. Moreover, it will keep in the country, the money now sent to buy much liquor in France. It will use the super-abundance of grain. The population of New France is 6,282 persons.
Father Gabriel Sagard urged the Wendat toward the virtues of chastity. The Wendat asked that if chastity is such a fine thing, why did not all the French Christians practice it? Father Gabriel Sagard commenced pressure on the Intendant. This is the same priest who said Etienne Brule (1592-1632) was much addicted to women. The Intendant (I)-Jean Talon (1625-1694) responded to the clerical pressure and forbade bachelors to hunt, fish or trade with the Natives. The Jesuit, to this time had been focusing their missionary attention on the Wendat (Huron) without much success. They began their campaign against the Algonkin for the first time this year.
This year, 78 girls arrived in New France from France that included a Moor, Portuguese, German and Dutch. Many of these girls are town girls little or not at all prepared to work on the land. Some girls are drawn from the General Hospital in Paris and have a considerable inheritance. It is noteworthy that only 41% or 250 of 606 Filles du Roi marriages received a dowry granted by the King. Only 5 received 100 livres as promised, and 2 received 200 livres.
New France no longer wish to ask for only Country Girls (Filles du Roi), as capable of working as men are. Experience has shown that those who have not been raised to it are not suitable here. Therefore, Anne Gasnier (1611-1698) was chosen to go to France to screen future young ladies.
Sault Saint Louis, later called Caughnanaga, is established when Father Pierre Raffeix (1633-1724) a Jesuit, invited Ieven Oneida and Mohawk to settle on Jesuit lands across the river from the Island of Montreal. Other Indian settlements include Sillery, Cap de la Madeleine, Lorette and Saint Francois near Lac St. Pierre. The rules are strict. Drunkenness is punishable by imprisonment, forfeit of any lands held and expulsion. Daily prayers are required. The priests scrutinize every aspect of daily life. Self-flagellation, sleeping on a bed of thorns and other masochistic practices are endorsed. Frontanac claimed that the Jesuits sought to isolate and control the Indians rather than follow the Royal Policy of assimilation.
Marie de I'Incarnation, foundress of the Ursuline Order in New France (1639), wrote: "We have observed that of a hundred that have passed through our hands we have scarcely civilized one. We find docility and intelligence in these girls but, when we are least expecting it, they clamber over our walls and go off to run with their kinsmen in the woods, finding more to please them there than in all the amenities of our French house." It is amazing that the Recollects, Jesuits and now the Ursuline have all failed in their attempts to Christianize and civilize the Savages. It is hard to believe the the French religious had not rationalized that maybe the French were neither civilized nor Christianized. The Jesuit introduced physical punishment of children, intolerance of other religious beliefs, intolerance of other cultures and were very poor in personal hygiene; only bathing once a year. They offered the French/Catholic yoke vs. freedom, they offered eternal fire and damnation vs. love and understanding. The Jesuits believed that a nomadic life was contrary to the laws of the Roman Catholic Church and incompatible with Christian life. The early Jesuits were called wa-mit-ig-oshe or men who wave a piece of wood over their heads.
Although Jean Talon, Intendant boasted that New France had produced a surplus of wheat. The poor peasants would toss manure into the St. Lawrence River than use it to fertilize their fields. They exhausted the soil by failing to practice crop rotation. The did not feed their cattle properly and instead of raising cows and sheep, they preferred to keep horses for joyriding. The potato didn't become a staple food in Quebec until the 1800's.
January 2: Quebec, birth (II)-Simon Soumande, Metis, died November 13, 1695, Quebec, son (I)-Pierre Soumande (1619-1689) and (II)-Simone Cote, Metis, b-1637
February 28: Quebec, birth (III)-Louise Pinguet, Metis, daughter (II)-Pierre Pinguet dit La Glardiere (1630-1704) and (II)-Anne Chevalier, Metis; married Gaspard Petit.
August 14: Montreal, birth, (II)-Louise Froget, Metis, son (I)-Nicolas Froget dit Despatis, b-1620 and (II)-Madeleine Martin, Metis; married 1691, Montreal Elizabeth Ethier
September 6: Chateau Richer, birth (III)-Jean Cote, Metis, died October 5, 1668, Chateau Richer son (II)-Martin Cote, Metis, b-1639 and (II)-Suzanne Page
October 22: (I)-Claude de Boutroue d'Aubigny (1620-1680) is appointed Intendant of New France from 1668 to July 1669.
November 16: The habitants of New France abandon their farms and their families to go with the fur trade, sometimes without permission, among the Savage Nations. Many give themselves up to debauchery, living a dissolute life to the scandal of the Savages. They settle among the Savages to avoid paying their creditors. They lead the savages to trade with the English.
November 18: Ville-Marie (Montreal), birth (II)-Charles Gervaise, Metis, son, (I)- Jean Gervaise (1621-1690), and (II)-Anne Archambault, Metis (1621- 1699); married October 29, 1693, Ville-Marie (Montreal), Marie Boyer
December 1: Ste Famille, birth (III)-Charles Langlois, Metis, son (II)-Jean Langlois dit Boisverdun, Metis (1641-1687) and (II)-Francoise Charlotte Belanger, epouse 1695 Thomas Rousseau:
1669
The mission L'Ange Gardien de la Province de Quebec is established this year.
Quebec (I)-Renee Chanvreux, arrived Quebec, a Filles du Roi.
Father (I)-Claude Jean Allouez (1613-1689) marched southward from Green Bay into the upper Fox River to establish a mission among the Wisconsin People. He recorded this was a very attractive place of plains and open fields and only 6 days march from the Messi-Sipi River. He stayed in this mission until 1670.
The mission Laprairie de la Province de Quebec near Ville-Marie (Montreal), is established this year, as an Iroquois Mission, by Father Pierre Raffeix (1633-1724), a Jesuit. It was moved around over time and eventually settled at Kalmawake, opposite the Lachine Rapids.
Jacques Martin, Metis, b-1666, Acadia, son Pierre Martin, b-1631 and Anne Ouestnorouest dit Petitous, b-1644; (1671 census)
One hundred and twenty five marriages, two hundred eighty eight births and sixty one deaths are recorded in New France.
Trois Tivieres, Quebec, birth, (III)-Madeleine Couc dit Lafleur, Metis, daughter (II)-Pierre Couc dit Lafleur (1624-1690) and Marie Mite8ameg8k8e (Miteouamigoukoue or Mitedmeg8k8e), an Algonquine, sauvagesse, (1631-1699); married October 1681, Boucherville, (II)-Maurice Menard dit Lafontaine, born June 6, 1664 Trois Rivieres and died May 9, 1741 Chambly. Maurice was a voyager, interpreter at Fort Michilimackinac (Mackinaw City, Michigan).
(II)-Ignace Durand, Metis b-1669, died November 30, 1697, Cap St. Ignace, Quebec, son (I)-Jean Durand (1640-1671) and Catherine Annennontank, Huronne b-1649; married February 24, 1691 (II)-Marie Catherine Miville daughter (I)-Jacques Miville, epouse September 16, 1701 Quebec, Rene Beaudoin..
A complaint was filed, stating that the last shipload of girls ('filles du Roi') from France had arrived and, being taken from a General Hospital, were not strong enough for farm work.
An ancestor of the Garneau clan, (I)-Robert Germain, was born in 1639, married 1669 Fort Quebec, New France Marie Coignart (Courtier) born 1643.
Monsieur de Courcelle (1665-1672) is ordered to organize the male subjects by appointing Captains, Lieutenants and ensigns so that every two or three years, 1,200 well-armed soldiers can be lead into the lands of the Iroquois and also into other Indian nations to maintain them in their obedience and duties to New France.
The French Minister of Marine, Jean Baptiste Colbert, is ordered by King Louis XIV to make the clergy subordinate to the Governor of New France. About this time, Colbert banned lawyers from practicing in New France.
'Question Extraordinaire' (torture used to extract testimony) was used in New France at least 30 times against men and women in New France. The Maitre des Hautes Oeuvres or torture master, bound boards to the defendants shins, inserted wedges, and then struck them with a hammer, painfully crushing the bones of the accused.
The people of New France, on their own, could not call a meeting or public assembly.
January 13; Quebec, birth (II)-Noel Vachon, Metis, died August 12, 1699, son (I)-Paul Vachon (1630-1703) and (II)-Marguerite Langlois, Metis (1639-1697); married October 24, 1695 Beauport, Monique Girou
January 21: Marie Chauvet who married August 16, 1668, Quebec to Pierre Faye dit Vilfaghan is accused of adultery with Pierre Vivien and Etienne Le Roy and is condemned to be shaved and beaten with canes in the public square.
February 19: Ville-Marie (Montreal), marriage (II)- Jean Baptiste Gadois, b-1641, died April 15, 1728 Ville-Marie (Montreal), married (II)-Marguerite Gervaise died January 18, 1690, Ville-Marie (Montreal) daughter (I)- Jean Gervaise, procureur fiscal (1621-1690), and (II)-Anne Archambault, Metis b-1621, died July 30, 1699 Ville-Marie (Montreal); married February 19, 1669, Ville-Marie (Montreal),
April 5: King Louis XIV inaugurated the 'baby bonus' in New France to encourage population growth. The parents of 10 legitimate children received a pension of 300 Livres, and 12 children 400 Livres.
April 24: Quebec, birth (II)-Pierre Fournier, Metis son (I)-Guillaume Fournier, (1619-1699) and (III)-Francoise Hebert, Metis b-1637: married November 24, 1695, St. Thomas, Marie Isabelle.
April 28 (29): Francois Blanche dit Langivan of Trois Riveres killed Daniel LaMaire dit des Rochers in a duel. This was the first death as a result of dueling in New France. Francois was sentenced to death and executed on July 8, 1669 in Quebec.
May 14: (I)-Jean Talon (1624-1694) is reappointed Intendant of New France from August 18, 1669 to August 1675.
June 8: Quebec, birth (III)-Joseph Miville. Metis, son, (II)-Francois Miville and (II)-Marie Langlois, Metis (1636-1687); married June 8, 1695, Cap St. Ignace, Genevieve Caron
June 10: Quebec, birth (II)-Jean Du Bocq, Metis son (I)-Laurent Du Bocq b-1636 and Marie Felix Arontio, Huronne, Sauvagesse.
July: Rene Robert Cavelier de La Salle (1643-1687) falsely claimed to speak fluent Iroquois in order to join a Sulpician expedition into Iroquois country. Upon encountering the Seneca people, he had to admit his total ignorance of their language and departed the expedition to become a Coureurs des Bois. This expedition included 14 men in five canoes plus the Sulpician Dollier de Casson with three canoes and seven recruits along with Abbe Rene de Brehan de Galinee. The expedition soon realized that La Salle, although of wealthy birth ,was totally incompetent. They wrote that he was in a daze, more or less, not knowing where he is going.
October 7: Quebec, birth (II)-Jean Soumande, Metis, died May 22, 1716, Quebec, son (I)-Pierre Soumande (1619-1689) and (II)-Simone Cote, Metis, b-1637; married October 30, 1698,m Quebec, Anne Chapoux,
October 13: Chateau Richer, birth (III)-Francoise Cloutier, Metis, daughter (II)-Jean Cloutier, (1621-1690) and (II)-Marie Martin, Metis, (1635-1699); 1st married February, 1, 1686, Chateau Richer, Antoine Doyon; 2nd marriage November 16, 1711, Chateau Richer, Joseph Paquier.
October 26: Ville-Marie (Montreal), marriage Jean Baptiste Gadois and (II)-Marguerite Gervaise died January 18, 1690, Ville-Marie (Montreal) daughter (I)- Jean Gervaise, procureur fiscal (1621-1690), and (II)-Anne Archambault, Metis b-1621, died July 30, 1699 Ville-Marie (Montreal).
November: On the north shore of Lake Erie, (I)-Rene Robert Cavelier de La Salle (1643-1687) announced he was sick and returning to Quebec. He disappeared into the bush.
November 1: Quebec, birth, (II)-Jean Dubeau, Metis, died September 12, 1743, St. Augustin, son (I)-Laurent Dubeau, b-1636, and Marie Felix d'Arontio, Huronne, sauvahesse, d-1689: married November 22, 1703, St. Augustin, Marguerite Harnois.
December 15: Quebec, marriage (I)-Guillaume Lemieux b-1648 to (II)-Elizabeth Langlois (1645-1696) veuve 1662, Quebec, Louis Cote, daughter (I)-Noel Langlois (1606-1634) and Francoise Grenier (Garnier) d-1665. Guillaume espouse October 12, 1699 Cap St. Ignace, (III)-Louise Picard, veuve Louis Gagne
FRENCH HISTORY
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