The Roman Catholic Church
in New France proclaimed they are a law unto themselves,
refusing to acknowledge
the supremacy of secular tribunals.
FRENCH HISTORY 1676-1682
FRENCH INDEX Return to Main French INDEX
Fines in New France are levied on the fathers of unmarried men 20 years old
and unmarried girls 16 years old.
1670
The mission Sorel de la Province de Quebec is established this year.
(I)-Pierre Artaut, Sieur de la Tour, b-1630 country married Louise Sauvagesse., b-1621, two Metis children are recorded, Marie b-1667 and Jean Artaut no birth date given.
Simon Francois Daumont de Saint Lusson d-1677 left Ville-Marie (Montreal) using (I)-Nicolas Perrot (1644-1717) as interpreter and guide to Sault Ste Marie.
Jean-Vincent d'Abbadie married 1670 / rehabilitated Acadia 1684. 1st married Mathilde Madokawando; He married a second time 1685, Acadia to Marie Pidiwammiskawa, sister of Mathilde. Their father was Chief Madokawando.
Louis Gaboury is sent to jail for eating meat during lent.
(I)-Louis Guillaume aka Ondieraguete a Sauvage is baptized this year at Quebec.
The French decision to not send colonists to Canada in 1666 had a profound impact on Canada as Acadia had a population of 400 whereas Massachusetts had a population of 40,000.
One hundred and twenty two marriages, three hundred and eleven births and eighty five deaths are recorded in New France. Some suggest that there are seven hundred births (?) this year in New France and indications that the male to female ratio is beginning to equalize. Some believe that marriages between the French and Native girls could be a useful factor to increase the population. (I)-Jean Talon (1625-1694), however reported that they did not bring many children into the world because they nursed them too long. This is from a man who never married and would return to France. The average world wide breast-feeding duration is 4.2 years at this time.
St. Xavier Dez Praiz is a little above Ville-Marie (Montreal) and contains 60 settlers.
Thomas Temple (1615-1674) is forced to return Acadia ( Nova Scotia) to the French, having been in control since 1654. The Acadian population is about 400-500, and they no longer consider themselves French. Besides being composed of French, Micmac, Scottish, Irish, English and Portuguese, they all intermarried and considered themselves Acadians. The Acadians married in their early twenties and had 10-11 children, most of whom survived to adulthood. The population doubled every 20 years, much faster than New France.
Fines in New France are levied on the fathers of unmarried men 20 years old and unmarried girls 16 years old. The Sovereign Council abolished a 10% duty on dry goods and imposed duties on liquor and tobacco.
The Recollect priests are allowed to returned to New France now that the Jesuit had lost their iron grip on the colony. They are the original order, having been displaced by the Jesuit. Louis XIV ordered 100,000 Livres of silver and copper coins minted for use in New France.
The French King established a King's gift for males who marry before age twenty and females before age sixteen. Three hundred livres to those with ten children, and four hundred livres to those with twelve.
The Northampton County of free Negroes is so successful, they are importing English and African slaves to such an extent that the assembly declared it illegal for a Negro to own a white slave or servant.
It is noted that Montreal has Indian slaves at this time.
Acadia had less than 500 European Settlers after nearly 3/4 century of settlement. Civil war and conflicts with the English prevented and significant settlement.
The word boucaner meaning to dry and smoke meat or fish evolved to mean to hunt on the sea for booty, as a pirate or boucanier. The English changed it to buccaneer.
April: (II)-Louis Garnaud is born April 2, 1670 at L'Ange Gardien son (I)-Louis Garnaud and (I)-Marie Mazoue, their second child. French policy is beginning to take hold, as one hundred and fifty King's girls arrived this year with all married except fifteen, and they are, the officials claimed, with good background and even a little education.
April 25: Ste Famille, birth (III)-Jean Cote, Metis, died March 16, 1739, Quebec son (II)-Martin Cote, Metis, b-1639 and (II)-Suzanne Page; married February 8, 1694, Beauport, Marie Anne Langlois
May 2: King Charles II of England creates the Governor and Company of Adventurers of England (Hudson Bay Company) to trade into the Hudson Bay as proposed by Groseilliers and Radisson. New France is shocked upon learning that Groseilliers and Radisson have led the English so far north to trade in the North Bay.
May 21: Montreal, birth (I)-Michelle Chauvin daughter (I)-Pierre Chauvin (1631-1699) and Marthe Autreuil (1636-1714); Married October 24, 1695, Montreal, Jacques Nepveu; three of Michelle's children were taken by the savages near Ouabache
June 11: Ste Famille, marriage (I)-Michel Aubin de Tourouve to (II)-Marie Madeleine Prevost, Metis, born December 28. 1647, Quebec, daughter (I)-Martin Prevost (1611-1691) and Marie Oliver Silvestre Manitouabewich, d-1665, Marie un-named 1st marriage
July 7: Hector d'Andigne de Grandfontaine (1627-1696) signed a treaty of restitution with Thomas Temple (1613-1674), the English Governor of Acadia, at Boston. The English handed over Pentagouet; Jemseg (St. John) on the St. John River; Annapolis Royal (Port Royal); and Fort La Tour.
Late summer: (I)-Rene Robert Cavelier de La Salle (1643-1687) resurfaced in Quebec, claiming to have discovered the Mississippi, which was really absurd given his mental condition the previous year. Some, however, believed him and he was given a commission.
October 19: Ste Familie, birth (II)-Anne Rate, Metis, died December 25, 1709 Chateau Richer, daughter (I)-Jacques Rate, (1630-1690) and (II)-Anne Martin, Metis, b-1645; 1st married Jacques De Trepagny; 2nd married March 8, 1707 Chateau Richer, Jean Anglais..
November 10: All future Fillies du Roi will be required to have a certificate of place of origin and they are to be free and of a marriageable state. This is required, as 2 or 3 previous girls are known to be of double marriages (bigamous).
November 11: Ste. Familie, birth (II)-Guillaume Lemieux, Metis, son (I)-Guillaume Lemieux b-1648 and (II)-Elizabeth Langlois, Metis, (1645-1696).
November 11: Trois Rivieres, marriage (II)-Jacques Lefervre, Metis, seigneur de la Baie St. Antoine, born January 12, 1647, Trois Riveres, died February 19, 1720, la Baie du Febvre and Jeanne Aunois, savage/Metis b-1621 of the Indian Nation, died February 11, 1697, Trois Riviers; married (II)-Marie Baudry, b-1650, died December 1, 1734 daughter (I)-Urbain Baudry..
November 14: Sillery, Quebec, birth, (II)-Louis Durand dit Couturier, Metis, son (I)-Jean Durand (1640-1671) and Catherine (Katherine) d'Annannontak Huronne b-1648; 1st marriage September 9, 1698, Quebec, Quebec (II)-Elisabeth Agnes Michel dit Taillon b-1682, died May 12, 1718 St. Antoine-Tilly daughter (I)-Oliver Michel; 2nd marriage January 30, 1719 St. Nicolas, Quebec Jeanne Houde, b-1685, died April 5, 1749 Lavaltrie, veuve de Jean Magnan. Catherine 2nd marriage 1672, Jacques Coutourier, b-1646;
November 15: Quebec, birth (II)-Joseph Soumande, Metis, died October 30, 1687, Montreal, son (I)-Pierre Soumande (1619-1689) and (II)-Simone Cote, Metis, b-1637
November 17: Quebec, birth (III)-Daniel Pinguet, Metis, son (II)-Pierre Pinguet dit La Glardiere (1630-1704) and (II)-Anne Chevalier, Metis; married November 24, 1676 Quebec (I)-Isaac Hervieux b-1751.
November 20: Ste Famille, birth (II)-Pierre Aubin, Metis son (I)-Michel Aubin de Tourouve and (II)- Marie Madeleine Prevost, Metis, b-1647; married Marie Paradis
November 25: Beauport, birth Michel Chevalier, Metis, son Rene Chevalier (1626-1679) and (II)-Jeanne Langlois, Metis b-1643, Quebec: married January 10, 1695 Beauport, Charlotie Parant.
December 15: Quebec, birth/death (III)-Marie Langlois, Metis, daughter (II)-Jean Langlois dit Boisverdun, Metis (1641-1687) and (II)-Francoise Charlotte Belanger, epouse 1695 Thomas Rousseau:
1671
The population of Acadia numbering 340 is enumerated for its first census. Others suggest Port Royal, Acadia alone numbered 361 souls, 580 cattle, 406 sheep and 364 acres of land under cuktivation.
(I)-Nicolas Perrot (1644-1717) married Madeleine Raclot, d-1724.
(II)-Anonyme Garnaud is born and died January 29, 1671 at Chateau Richer. (II)-Charles Garnaud is born August 9, 1671 L'Ange Gardien and assumed to have been stillborn. They are both the children of (I)-Louis Garnaud and (I)-Marie Mazoue. The population of Acadia is four hundred and forty one.
Virginia passed a law declaring that neither baptism nor conversion
could affect a persons bondage or freedom.
St. Lusson at Sault Ste. Marie, claiming the Ojibwa Nation to the West for France. The People were not amused when they discovered the intention of his act.
Father Charles Albanel (1616-1696), a Jesuit, is ordered by Intendant (I)-Jean Talon to go to the Hudson Bay to verify reports of the presence there of French speaking Europeans in the service of the Hudson Bay Company.
Simon Francois Daumont de Saint Lusson, the infamous, on his return to Quebec, called for the seizure of the furs brought back by (I)-Nicholas Perrot (Pere) dit Turbal, a.k.a. Joly Coeur (Jolly Soul) (1644-1717), a freeman ( Coureurs des Bois). Although Perrot was in the employ of the Jesuits or maybe because of his relationship with the Jesuits, this action humbled Perrot, forcing him into debt to his creditors. It was because of Perrot that the French could make claim (although a false claim) on all lands West, North and South of Sault Ste Marie. It was he who brought the fourteen Nations together with the French at Sault Ste Marie on June 4. Nicolas Perrot, this year, married Madeleine Raclos, and like many Coureurs des Bois, settled in Trois Rivers and raised 11 children. He would continue to serve New France in the 1680's; a true masochist. In 1696 he would retire in poverty with no recognition of his contribution to Canada. He couldn't even afford paper to complete his memoirs. "Shame on the French Regime".
April 21: Quebec, birth (III)-Jeanne Miville. Metis, daughter, (II)-Francois Miville and (II)-Marie Langlois, Metis (1636-1687); married November 21, 1689, Quebec, Denis Boucher.
May 2: Quebec, birth (II)-Francoise Fournier, Metis daughter (I)-Guillaume Fournier, (1619-1699) and (III)-Francoise Hebert, Metis b-1637: married April 21, 1686, St. Thomas, Jacques Boule.
May 31; Quebec, birth (II)-Piere Vachon, Metis, died January 17, 1703 Beauport, daughter (I)-Paul Vachon (1630-1703) and (II)-Marguerite Langlois, Metis (1639-1697); married March 5, 1696 Quebec, Marie Catherine Soulard.
August 6: Trois Rivieres, birth (III)-Jeanne Lefebvre, Metis daughter (II)-Jacques Lefervre, Metis, seigneur de la Baie St. Antoine, (1647-1720), and Jeanne Aunois, savage/Metis b-1621 of the Indian Nation, died February 11, 1697, Trois Riviers;
August 12: Three Rivers, Quebec, Julien de la Touche b-1641 at age 30 married (II)-Elizabeth Therese Bertault b-1659 at age 12, daughter (I)-Jacques Bertault, b-1626 and (I)-Gillette Bonne, b-1636. Julien would be murdered in 1672 by (I)-Gillette Bonne and her husband.
September 7: Father Charles Albanel (1616-1696), a Jesuit, arrived Lac Saint Jean where he wintered for his quest to determine the presence of Europeans on the shores of the Northern Bay. He wintered with the Mistassini Peoples.
September 17: Ville-Marie (Montreal), birth (II)-Cecile Gervaise, Metis, daughter, (I)- Jean Gervaise (1621-1690), and (II)-Anne Archambault, Metis (1621- 1699); married November 20, 1684, Ville-Marie (Montreal), (II)-Francois Prudhomme, (1651-1741).
September 27, Quebec, birth (III)-Charles Pelletier, Metis, died October 8, 1713, Quebec, son (II)-Jean Pelletier d-1698 and (II)-Anne Langlois, Metis, (1637-1704); 1st married January 7, 1697 Riviere Ouelle, Therese Ouellet; 2nd marriage January 12, 1711 Riviere Ouelle, Barbe St. Pierre
October 21: (I)-Jean Talon, Intendant of New France, issued an ordinance compelling bachelors to marry the King's Girls within 15 days of the arrival of the vessels bringing the women, or be prohibited from fishing, hunting and trading for furs.
November 2: (I)-Jean Talon (1625-1694) complained that 15 girls (Filles du Roi) of quality arrived in Quebec when only 4 were requested. He said it is difficult to find appropriate matches. (I)-Louis de Bunde, count de Frontenac (1620-1698), would also complain, later this month, that it is difficult to find appropriate matches for ladies of quality. It is not clear if 'ladies of quality' means the ability to read and write or of a special social standing.
1672
(I)-Jacques Couturier b-1646, married likely Sillery, Quebec Catherine Annennontank, Huronne, Anota, Annanonis, Ananontha, sauvageese, b-1649, veuve September 23, 1662, Quebec de (I)-Jean Durand (1640-1671).
(II)-Noel Langlois dit Traversy, Metis d-October 9, 1693 Beauport son (I)-Noel Langlois (1606-1684) and Francoise Grenier (Garnier) sauvagesse: 1st married most likely 1672, Beauport (II)-Aymee Caron d-October 5, 1685: 2nd marriage December 2, 1686, Beauport, (II)-Genevieve Parent.
Father (I)-Claude Jean Allouez (1613-1689) and Father Claude Dablon prepared a map of Lac Tracy (Lake Superior) likely based on maps by Etienne Brule's expedition of 1616 and/or Grosseilliers and Radisson expeditions of 1659-1660 and likely the maps of the Ojibwa People.
Pierre de Saurel de Sorel and wife Jeanne de Giraud is granted the seigneury of Sorel, Quebec. Sorel is at the mouth of the River Richelieu 88 km northeast Ville-Marie (Montreal) on the St. Lawrence River. In 1787 it was renamed William Henry but again renamed Sorel in 1860. A mission was established at Sorel in 1670.
War again breaks out in Europe, England declared war on Holland and France joined the English against Holland. Immigration to New France stops for the next three generations. A generation is usually considered to be 15-20 years. It is noteworthy that 15,000 people came to New France between 1608 to 1672 but only 3,000 stayed in the colonies. The exodus of the French to become Coureurs des Bois ran from 40 to 50% most years. It is significant that the King's Daughters are estimated to number some 1,000 women, and given their husbands, they account for 2/3 of the New France Colony. The Metis at this time likely outnumbered the New France Colony, but are spread over a wide territory.
The further dispatch of 'Filles du Roi' to New France ended because of the war with the Dutch. As a result of the war with Holland, a Dutch squadron captured New York, August 9, 1673.
The Jesuits are accused before the French King of baptizing more beavers than Indians.
The horse population of New France had risen to 100.
The French Minister wrote to Intendant Talon of New France "as after the increase of the colony, there is nothing more important for the colony than the discovery of a passage to the south sea, his majesty wishes you to give it your attention." Talon chose Jollet and Marguette to discover the South Sea by the Maskoutens Country. It was believed the Mississippi River emptied into the California Sea. They were unaware the Spanish last century had already explored this route to Chicago. They eventually realized the Mississippi River emptied into the Gulf of Mexico that was controlled by the Spanish and aborted their mission so as not to fall into Spanish hands. They failed to reach the mouth of the river.
January 13: Quebec, birth (II)-Marie Madeleine Soumande, Metis daughter (I)-Pierre Soumande (1619-1689) and (II)-Simone Cote, Metis, b-1637
January 19: Chateau Richer, birth (III)-Angelique Genevieve Cloutier, Metis, died April 15, 1699, Chateau Richer, daughter (II)-Jean Cloutier, (1621-1690) and (II)-Marie Martin, Metis, (1635-1699);
January 26: Ville-Marie (Montreal), birth, (II)-Jean Baptiste Tessier, Metis, died May 20, 1736, Ville-Marie (Montreal), son (I)- Urbain Tessier, (1624-1689) and (II)-Marie Archambault, Metis baptised, 1636, died August 16, 1719 Pte Aux Trembles, Ville-Marie (Montreal); married, November 4, 1698, Ville-Marie (Montreal), (III)-Elisabeth Regnaut, b-1681, died November 11, 1747, Ville-Marie (Montreal), daughter (II)-Antoine Regnaut.
February 3: Quebec, birth (II)-Laurent Du Bocq (Dubeau), Metis, died July 15, 1731 St. Augustin, son (I)-Laurent Du Bocq (Dubeau) b-1636 and Marie Felix Arontio, Huronne, Sauvagesse, d-1689; 1st marriage September 23, 1697 St. Augustin, Francoise Campagna; 2nd marriage September 10, 1718, St. Augustin, Marie Sevigny.
February 14: l'Ange Gardien, birth (II)-Elizabeth Lemieux, Metis, daughter (I)-Guillaume Lemieux b-1648 and (II)-Elizabeth Langlois, Metis, (1645-1696): married January 21, 1691 St. Thomas, Jacques Couillard.
February 21: Chateau Richer, marriage (II)-Louis Prevost, Metis, b-1651, died May 27, 1686, Beauport, son (I)-Martin Prevost (1611-1691) and Marie Oliver Sylvestre, Sauvagesse (1626-1665): married (II)-Francoise Gagnon, b-1655: second marriage February 17, 1681 (II)-Marguerite Careau, b-1662.
March 19: Sillery, birth (III)-Angelique Pinguet, Metis, died May 13, 1744, daughter (II)-Pierre Pinguet dit La Glardiere (1630-1704) and (II)-Anne Chevalier, Metis; 1st married June 7, 1688 Quebec (I)-Pierre Bodin b-1641; 2nd marriage April 30, 1703, Quebec Francois Laraue.
April 6: (I)-Louis de Buade de Fontenac et de Palluau (1622-1698), godson of Louis XIII, is appointed Governor of New France and served September 12, 1672 to September 1682 and again from October 12, 1689 to 1698. It is reported that he accepted this assignment to escape his creditors. He quarreled with the Jesuits, Intendent (1675-1682) (I)-Jacques Duchesneau (d-1696) over the fur trade. All three parties were deeply involved in the fur trade to their own benefit. (I)-Louis de Bunde, count de Frontenac (1620-1698), defied the policies and guidelines established by France to pursue his own fur trade empire. Some believe his actions set the stage for the loss of New France to the English.
April 23: Quebec, birth (III)-Genevieve Langlois, Metis, daughter (II)-Jean Langlois dit Boisverdun, Metis (1641-1687) and (II)-Francoise Charlotte Belanger, epouse 1695 Thomas Rousseau:
May 15: Three Rivers, Quebec, (I)-Jacques Bertault, b-1626 wife (I)- Gillette Bonne, b-1636 and their daughter (II)-Isabelle Elizabeth Therese Bertault La Touche, b-1659, attempted to murder Julien de la Touche, b-1641, by poison in his soup. This failed.
May 16: Three Rivers, Quebec, (I)-Jacques Bertault, b-1626 wife (I)- Gillette Bonne, b-1636 and their daughter (II)-Isabelle Elizabeth Therese Bertault La Touche, b-1659, murdered Julien de la Touche, b-1641, by beating him to death.
May 20: Three Rivers, Quebec, (I)-Jacques Bertault, b-1626 appear in court for murder but his wife (I)- Gillette Bonne, b-1636 and their daughter (II)-Isabelle Elizabeth Therese Bertault La Touche, b-1659, fled into the woods.
May 20: (I)-Jacques Bertault, b-1626 wife (I)- Gillette Bonne, b-1636 and their daughter (II)-Isabelle Elizabeth Therese Bertault La Touche, b-1659, were sent to Quebec for trial for the murder of Julien de la Touche, b-1641, husband of Elizabeth.
June 8: Quebec (I)-Jacques Bertault, b-1626 wife (I)- Gillette Bonne, b-1636 and their daughter (II)-Isabelle Elizabeth Therese Bertault La Touche, b-1659, are sentenced to death for the murder of Julien de la Touche, b-1641, husband of Elizabeth. (II)-Isabelle Elizabeth Therese Bertault La Touche, b-1659, was excluded from hanging because of her age, 13.
June 9: Quebec (I)-Jacques Bertault, b-1626 and his wife (I)- Gillette Bonne, b-1636 were hanged and (II)-Isabelle Elizabeth Therese Bertault La Touche, b-1659, was ordered to watch for her part in the murder of her husband Julien de la Touche, b-1641.
June 28: Father Charles Albanel (1616-1696), a Jesuit, and company reached the mouth of the Rupert River, James Bay. Albanel claimed the Bay for France. He confirmed that the Coureurs des Bois, (II)-Pierre Esprit Chouart dit Radisson, Metis (1636-1710) and (I)-Medard Chouart Des Groseilliers (1618-1696?), were indeed with the British. They found a British ship and two deserted houses but no Europeans.
August 9: Ste Famille, birth (III)-Marguerite Cote, Metis, died March 3, 1709, Beauport son (II)-Martin Cote, Metis, b-1639 and (II)-Suzanne Page; 1st married Andre Parent; 2nd marriage February 2, 1701, Beauport, Noel Marcoux.
September: Louis de Baude, Comte de Palluau (1620-1698), Governor (1672-82 & 1689-98), in September, arrived in Fort Quebec as the new Governor and Lieutenant General with Intendant Duchesneau. The former Governor, Daniel de Remy, Sieur de Courcelle (1665-1672), and Intendant (I)-Jean Talon (1625-1694) are to shortly leave for France. Intendant (I)-Jean Talon (1625-1694) referred to the Coureurs des Bois as those woodsmen engaged in trading without permits and therefore are outlaws. He also wrote those traders are men without Christianity, without sacrament, without religion, without priests, without magistrates and are sole masters of their own actions and of the application of their wills. The number of permits issued each year is limited to twenty-five. Once a Coureurs des Bois, they could not return to New France. Anyone going into the woods without a permit is whipped and branded for the first offense. The directive from France set life in the galleys of the Mediterranean for second offenses. Only the Jesuit Bishop, Father (I)- Francois Xavier de Laval Montmorency (1623-1708), remained of the old guard and is quick to use Duchesneau to attack (I)-Louis de Bunde, count de Frontenac (1620-1698); the Huguenot.
October 17: Quebec, marriage (I)-Jacques Savariaux (Metis?) (1636-1724) to Suzanne Lacroix, (Huron?) (1653-1718), this family is most likely sauvage or Metis family, there are no Lacroix prior to this date.
November 13: Trois Rivieres, birth (III)-Marie Renee Lefebvre, Metis, died December 24, 1672, Trois Rivieres, daughter (II)-Jacques Lefervre, Metis, seigneur de la Baie St. Antoine, (1647-1720), and Jeanne Aunois, savage/Metis b-1621 of the Indian Nation, died February 11, 1697, Trois Riviers;
November 17: Quebec, (II)-Francoise Duverger daughter (I)-Jean Jacques Duverger and (I)-Suzanne of the Valley married and killed Simon Galbrun and then married Jean Boutin, she also aborted several children in infanticide. She was hung and strangled this day.
December 11: Quebec, birth (III)-Marguerite Prevost, Metis, died May 14, 1684, Beauport, daughter (II)-Louis Prevost (1651-1672) and (II)-Francoise Gagnon
1673
The mission Beauport de la Province de Quebec is established this year.
The population of New France is 6,705.
(I)-Rene Robert Cavelier de La Salle (1643-1687), a would be Jesuit with mental instability, joined the coterie of Governor General (I)-Louis de Bunde, count de Frontenac (1620-1698), with whose support he obtained letters of nobility. At the French Court, two clerics, Abbes Eusebe Renaudot Renaudot and Claude Bernou, to advance their own careers on La Salle's coattails, obtained a commission for him to explore the mid-west.
Trois Tivieres, Quebec, birth (II)-June Couc dit Lafleur, Metis, daughter (I)-Pierre Couc dit Lafleur (1624-1665) and Marie Mite8ameg8k8e (Miteouamigoukoue), an Algonquine, sauvagesse, (1631-1699). might be an error or baptism not birth see below;
Trois Rivieres, birth (III)-Jean Baptiste Couc dit Lafleur, Metis, b-1673, son (II)-Pierre Couc dit Lafleur (1624-1690), and Marie Mite8ameg8k8e, Algonquine sauvagesse (1631- 1699); married before November 24, 1706, Lachine, Anne Sauvagesse (Algonkin or Sokokoi) b-1705, Lachine.
(I)-Louis de Baud Count of Frontenac (1620-1698) wrote that (I)-Rene Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle (1644-1687) and the Jesuit Fathers suggest that the English are attempting to break the treaty between the Ottawas and Canada. (I)-Louis de Baud, Count of Frontenac (1620-1698), the Huguenot, went to Fort Ville-Marie (Montreal) on January 13 to imprison Governor Francois Marie Perrot (1644-1691) of Fort Ville-Marie (Montreal) for his dealings with the Coureurs des Bois.
Charles Bayly (1630-1680), Governor of the Hudson Bay Company, returned to Charles Fort then went on to establish a post at Moose River on Hayes Island.
(III)-Marie Madeleine Pinguet b-1673, died June 19, 1743 Quebec, daughter (II)-Pierre Pinguet dit La Glardiere (1630-1704 and (II)-Anne Chevalier, Metis; married (II)-Francois Mercan
Father Charles Albanel (1616-1696), a Jesuit, is ordered to return to the Hudson Bay to persuade (I)-Medard Chouart Des Groseilliers (1618-1696?) to return to France's service. He is detained by the English and did not return to New France until 1676. He then went to the Western district where he served until his death.
Intendant Duchesneau contended that eight hundred men, about forty percent of the adult male population, had taken to the woods. The New France population is 6,705. (I)-Louis de Baud, Count of Frontenac (1620-1698), the Huguenot, wanted to teach the Natives French. The Jesuit wanted to retain their control and argued this would have no spiritual benefit. (I)-Louis de Baud, count of Frontenac (1620-1698), is more blunt and said the Jesuits want to keep the Natives in their control. They think more of beaver skins than of souls. Their missions are pure mockeries. Both Frontenac and Talon sought to reduce the overwhelming religious influence and make the Roman Church obey the state. The State assumed more control over education, marriage and the keeping of registers. The bottom line issue was Papal infallibility and those who didn't believe it was dogma.
(II)-Anonyme Garnaud is born and died October 7, 1673 at L'Ange Gardien, New France child (I)-Louis Garnaud and (I)-Marie Mazoue.
The Dutch being at war with France attacked and plundered Fort Jemseg at the mouth of the St. John River and went on to attack Fort Penobscot which was then abandoned by the French.
A French priest wrote his superior in France about maple sap. The first record of the French making maple syrup until 1706. The Indians have been making maple syrup for centuries. Legend suggests a lazy Indian woman was too lazy to walk to the stream for water, used tap sap for boiling venison. Her husband found the taste extremely pleasent ands by dropping hot stones into the sap it made it stronger, thicker, dark and smoky.
February 1: A four point decree is issued in New France:
- Merchants are forbidden to go to Trois Riveres, Ville-Marie (Montreal) or other places on the Upper River for the purpose of selling or delegating the sale of merchandise, in large or small quantities, to the French or Natives, directly or indirectly, and they are not allowed to be present in such locations from June 1st to the last day of October.
- No owner of a dwelling above the City of Ville-Marie (Montreal), or any other city is allowed to prevent Natives, directly or indirectly, from getting to the location of the fair, nor to stop them upon their return, under what ever pretext.
- When Natives are in Ville-Marie (Montreal) for the purpose of trading, it is forbidden to influence where and with whom they trade. They must be left entirely free to go trading where or with whom they wish (within those authorized merchants of Ville-Marie (Montreal)).
- No person without a family, except children of the land (Metis), is allowed to trade with the Natives for his own profit or someone else's, also under penalty of a fine of 200 livres.
March 1: Quebec, birth, (II)-Charles Couturier, Metis, died April 25, 1699, Batiscan, Quebec, son (I)-Jacques Couturier b-1646, and Catherine Annennontank, Huronne, b-1649, veuve September 23, 1662, de Jean Durand (1640-1671).
April 4: Quebec, birth (III)-Anne Miville. Metis, died March 11, 1717, Ste Anne, daughter, (II)-Francois Miville and (II)-Marie Langlois, Metis (1636-1687); married May 13, 1691 Riviere Ouelie, Mathurin Dube.
April 24: Quebec, birth (II)-Louis Fournier, Metis, died November 3, 1674, Quebec, son (I)-Guillaume Fournier, (1619-1699) and (III)-Francoise Hebert, Metis b-1637:
May 14: Beauport, birth Jeanne Chevalier, Metis, died April 4, 1746 Quebec, daughter Rene Chevalier (1626-1679) and (II)-Jeanne Langlois, Metis b-1643, Quebec: married November 24, 1692, Beauport
June 4: Ste. Familie, birth (II)-Pierre Lemieux, Metis, son (I)-Guillaume Lemieux b-1648 and (II)-Elizabeth Langlois, Metis, (1645-1696).
June 22: Quebec, marriage (II)-Nicolas Pelletier b-1649 son (I)-Nicolas Pelletier and Jeannie Rouset (1622-1689); 1st married Madeleine Tegoussi (Montagnaise), died April 13, 1661, Quebec, veuve d'Augustin Sauvage, daughter of Grand Chief Jean Baptiste Nanabesa; 2nd marriage (II)-Francoise Lamy daughter (I)-Isaac Lamy.
June 29: Ste Familie, birth (II)-Jacques Rate, Metis, son (I)-Jacques Rate, (1630-1690) and (II)-Anne Martin, Metis, b-1645.
July 17: The Dutch attacked Ferryland, Newfoundland.
July 23: Beauport, birth (II)-Nicolas Jacques Savariaux son (I)-Jacques Savariaux (Metis?) (1636-1724) and Suzanne Lacroix, (Huron?) (1653-1718), this family is most likely sauvage or Metis family
July 28: (I)-Louis de Baud, count Frontenac (1620-1691), built Fort Frontenac at Cataraqui (Catarakoui) (Kingston, Lake Ontario). (I)-Rene Robert Cavelier Sieur de La Salle (1644-1687) received the fur-trading rights for this military Fort. This Fort threatened the trade lines of the Mission of the Mountain of Montreal and the Iroquois. Some suggested that (I)-Robert Cavelier Sieur de La Salle (1644-1687) and Frontenac are partners. Others, at the time, suggested that Katarakouy or Fort Frontenac is established as a refuge and port of entry for the Coureurs des Bois who are scattered among all the Ottawa Nations to ensure their trade does not fall to the Dutch, English and Iroquois.
October: (I)-Louis de Baud Count of Frontenac (1620-1698), is warned by the Kings Minister in France, never to give corporate form (Estate General) to the people of Canada. For it is God's will that whoever is born subject should not reason, but obey. Frontenac is also ordered to quietly suppress the Syndicate of Settlers. France ordered the Governor to consolidate and concentrate the population into towns and villages for better defense and control. The Jesuit held firm to the belief that all male citizens should remain at home to become good husbands and fathers to the glory of God and mother Church. The Coureurs; those runners of the woods, debauched the Natives and endangered their own souls. The Jesuits wanted absolute control of the fur trade and these free traders are defeating their goal. The Sovereign Council ordered all beggars to leave Fort Quebec. Five women had begun begging last year. The King of France sent sixty young women to New France, but promised to give no more assistance to Canada this year.
October 3: Trois Rivieres, birth (III)-Rene Lefebvre, Metis son (II)-Jacques Lefervre, Metis, died April 28. 1749 Baie du Febvre, seigneur de la Baie St. Antoine, (1647-1720), and Jeanne Aunois, savage/Metis b-1621 of the Indian Nation, died February 11, 1697, Trois Rivieres; married July 7. 1700 Trois Rivieres, Gabrielle Francoise Foucault
October 28: Beauport, birth (III)-Francois Langlois, Metis son (II)-Noel Langlois dit Traversy, Metis d-1693 and (II)-Aymee Caron d-1685: married September 17, 1696 Beauport, Jeanne Baugis.
November 18: Chateau Richer, birth (III)-Agnas Cloutier, Metis, daughter (II)-Jean Cloutier, (1621-1690) and (II)-Marie Martin, Metis, (1635-1699); married October 25, 1691, Chateau Richer, Joseph Fortin.
December 8: Ville-Marie (Montreal), birth (II)-Urbain Gervaise, Metis, son, (I)- Jean Gervaise (1621-1690), and (II)-Anne Archambault, Metis (1621- 1699); 1st married October 1, 1696, Ville-Marie (Montreal) (II)-Marie Caron, died August 8, 1699, Ville-Marie (Montreal); 2nd married March 19, 1701, Ville-Marie (Montreal) (II)-Genevieve Perthus.
1674
The mission Pointe aux Trembles, Ville-Marie (Montreal) de la Province de Quebec is established this year.
(I)-Louis de Baud, Count of Frontenac (1620-1698), the Huguenot, arrested and imprisoned for one year Francois Marie Perrot (1644-1691), Governor of Fort Ville-Marie (Montreal) and nephew of Talon, for illegal dealings with the Coureurs des Bois. He is accused of sedition, illicit trade and for his violent conduct. He is sent to the Bastile in Paris but is shortly freed and appointed Governor of Acadia. Frontenac also complained to Colbert that the Jesuits stated their mission was to instruct the Indians or rather to get beavers and not to be parish priests to the French.
Quebec, birth Marie Therese Chevalier, Metis, daughter Rene Chevalier (1626-1679) and (II)-Jeanne Langlois, Metis b-1643, Quebec: married February 1696, Beauport, Etienne Parant.
(II)-Pierre Lamoureux de St. Germain b-1649 son (I)-Jean Lamoureux; married likely Bout de I'lle, Ville-Marie (Montreal), Marguerite Pigarouiche, sauvagesse
The Roman Catholic Church in New France proclaimed they are a law unto themselves, refusing to acknowledge the supremacy of secular tribunals.
Jean Du Val and Thomas are habitants of Isle Jesus not far from Mont Royal.
February 19: The Treaty of Westminister returned New York to the English.
April 29: Beauport, birth (III)-Jean Francois Prevost, Metis, son (II)-Louis Prevost (1651-1672) and (II)-Francoise Gagnon
June 3: Ste Famille, birth (III)-Marie Madeleine Langlois, Metis, daughter (II)-Jean Langlois dit Boisverdun, Metis (1641-1687) and (II)-Francoise Charlotte Belanger, epouse 1695 Thomas Rousseau:
July 15: The seigniory of Kamouraska (where their are rushes on the other side of the River), Quebec is established by Olivier Morel but he does nothing to develop the area.
July 23; Beauport, birth (II)-Anne Therese Vachon, Metis, daughter (I)-Paul Vachon (1630-1703) and (II)-Marguerite Langlois, Metis (1639-1697); married November 8, 1691 Beauport, Jean Turgeon.
August 8: Boucherville, birth, (II)-Guillaume Froget, Metis, son (I)-Nicolas Froget dit Despatis, b-1620 and (II)-Madeleine Martin, Metis; married November 24, 1698, La Pointe aux Trembles de Montreal, Barbe Beauchamp
August 10: Jurriaen Aernoutsz, a Dutch privateer, captured Pentagouet in Acadia and captured Jacques de Chambly (d-1687) Governor Acadia. After plundering the French posts along the Bay of Fundy, Aernoutsz took Jemseg (St. John) and its commander, Pierre de Joybert de Soulanges et de Marson (1641-1678). Aernoutsz claimed Acadia for Holland and took his booty and prisoners to Boston.
August 30: Father Charles Albanel (1616-1696), a Jesuit, was for the second time at Ruper River where the British seized him and his companions and sent them to prison in London.
August 31: The Sovereign Council ordered all beggars to leave Quebec. This is caused by five women that were begging in 1673.
October 7, Beauport, birth (III)-Marie Charlotte Pelletier, Metis, died September 3, 1699 Riviere Ouelle, daughter (II)-Jean Pelletier d-1698 and (II)-Anne Langlois, Metis, (1637-1704); married November 10, 1693 Riviere Ouelle, Andre Mignier
1675
The Iroquois began attacking Indian allies of the French.
(III)-Francois Lamoureux, Metis, b-1675, died December 30, 1740 Bout De I'lle, Ville-Marie (Montreal) son (II)-Pierre Lamoureux de St. Germain b-1649 and Marguerite Pigarouiche sauvagesse, b-1647; married Marguerite Menard et Benard..
Mission Notre Dame De Foye now called Mission Dame De Lorette is for the Huron and Iroquois People.
Marriage, likely Trois Rivieres (III)-Pierre Noel Le Gardeur to (II)-Marguerite Volant, Metis born November 25, 1659, Trois Rivieres daughter (I)-Claude Volant de St. Claude, b-1636 and (II)-Francoise Radisson, b-1636
Birth (II)-Louise Savariaux dit Savaria daughter (I)-Jacques Savariaux (Metis?) (1636-1724) and Suzanne Lacroix, (Huron?) (1653-1718), this family is most likely sauvage or Metis family; 1st Married October 29, 1697, Beauport, Louis Metivier; 2nd marriage August 17, 1712 Beauport, (II)-Joseph Fisque, b-1675.
January 28: St. Per, a Repentigny, birth (IV)-Francois Le Gardeur (godfather was brother Pierre b-1657 and godmother was Marie Makais8ing8ots, Algonquine Sauvaggesse) son (III)-Jean Baptiste Le Gardeur De Repentigny and (II)-Marguerite Nicolet
February 11: Quebec, birth, (II)-Jacques Couturier, Metis, son (I)-Jacques Couturier b-1646, and Catherine Annennontank, Huronne, b-1649, veuve September 23, 1662, de Jean Durand (1640-1671).
March 2: Ville-Marie (Montreal), birth (II)-Jacques Tessier, Metis son (I)-Urbain Tessier (1624-1689) and (II)-Marie Archambault, Metis (1636-1719); married May 10, 1699, Ville-Marie (Montreal) (II)-Marie Adhemar b-1679, died May 17, 1754, Ville-Marie (Montreal), daughter (I)-Antoine Adhemar.
April 29: Quebec, birth (III)-Jacques Miville. Metis, son, (II)-Francois Miville and (II)-Marie Langlois, Metis (1636-1687)
May 11: Jean Oudiette is awarded a monopoly for beaver trade for a period of seven years. At this time, France has at least twice the population of England and many times her wealth. The French, with their Coureurs des Bois, are better explorers and negotiators with the Native peoples; yet with all these advantages she proved incapable of peopling the American Empire that she claimed. Their Policy of one King and one faith (French and Roman Catholic) is the major factor in the decline and fall of the French Empire. This inward myopic focus, even to present times, is destroying their culture and faith.
May 30: (I)-Jacques Duchesneau de La Doussiniere et d'Ambualt (d-1696) is appointed Intendant of New France, taking office on September 16, 1675 and serving until September 1682. He had difficult relations with Governor (I)-Louis de Baude, comte de Frontenac (1620-1698). Duchesneau denounced the illegal trafficking of many of the Coureurs des Bois and suggested that the Governor's attitude was so permissive as to smack of desire for personal gain. When he backed the Jesuit Bishop, Father (I)- Francois Xavier de Laval Montmorency (1623-1708), in his fight against the sale of alcohol to the Amerindians, Frontenac accused him of being the clergy's tool. The two antagonists were recalled to France simultaneously: their disputes had injured the colony and angered the minister.
June 5: A edict reorganized the Sovereign Council, now called the Superior Council, being, now, seven members vs. five of old.
August 6: Quebec, birth (II)-Joseph Lemieux, Metis, son (I)-Guillaume Lemieux b-1648 and (II)-Elizabeth Langlois, Metis, (1645-1696): married October 24, 1712, Quebec, Elizabeth Franquelin.
August 9: Quebec, birth (II)-Madeleine Fournier, Metis daughter (I)-Guillaume Fournier, (1619-1699) and (III)-Francoise Hebert, Metis b-1637: married May 2, 1707, St. Francois, Ile-Jesus, Pierre Laporte.
August 11: Ste Famille, birth (III)-Marie Madeleine Cote, Metis, died April 13, 1723, Quebec daughter (II)-Martin Cote, Metis, b-1639 and (II)-Suzanne Page;
August 20: Ste Familie, birth (II)-Pierre Rate, Metis, son (I)-Jacques Rate, (1630-1690) and (II)-Anne Martin, Metis, b-1645.
October 29: Quebec, birth (II)-Philippe Du Bocq, Metis son (I)-Laurent Du Bocq b-1636 and Marie Felix Arontio, Huronne, Sauvagesse.
December 5: Quebec, marriage (II)-Jean Langlois, Metis b-1648 son (I)-Noel Langlois (1606-1684) and Francoise Grenier (Garnier) d-1665: married (II)-Marie Cadieu, epouse June 19, 1694, Quebec Jean Gosselin.
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