Louis XIV (1638-1715) decreed that the first offence of being a Coureur des
Boise is flogging,
a second offence was branding with the Fleur de Lys, and a
third offence was life in the Galleys.
FRENCH HISTORY 1683-1689
FRENCH INDEX Return to Main French INDEX
1676
The missions Lorette & Lachine de la Province de Quebec is established this year.
Birth, (II)-Jean Baptiste Froget, Metis, son (I)-Nicolas Froget dit Despatis, b-1620 and (II)-Madeleine Martin, Metis; married November 22, 1700 Repentigny, Jeanne Beaudoin.
The French re-occupied Acadia this autumn.
The French are prohibited from smoking on the streets or carrying tobacco until 1759 for fear of fire. Unlawful to keep hay in houses, for fear of fire. All house owners must install and maintain a ladder against the house to reach the roof in case of fire. At the sound of the bell all citizens must go to the site of the fire with a full pail of water.
Unlawful to accept as payment the cloths that an Indian is presently wearing or his gun, powder and lead shot. An Indian cannot sell his wife or children to pay his debt.
Nobody can give refuge to male or female pimps, and whores.
The village of Sillery is about a league and a half from Quebek (Quebec) on the St. Lawrence River and is for the Algonkins.
(II)-Jean Garnaud is born October 9, 1676 at L'Ange-Gardien, New France son (I)-Louis Garnaud and (I)-Marie Mazoue. A church built at L'Ange Gardien on the property of Pierre Gendreau alias La Poussiere.
January 4: Sorel, birth (III)-Marie Jeanne Pelletier, Metis, daughter (II)-Nicolas Pelletier b-1649 and Madeleine Tegoussi (Montagnaise), died April 13, 1661, Quebec, veuve d'Augustin Sauvage, daughter of Grand Chief Jean Baptiste Nanabesa;
January 14: Ville-Marie (Montreal), marriage (I)-Jean Baptiste Lefebvre (1651-1715) to (II)-Cunegonde Gervaise, Metis, (1657-1724) daughter (I)- Jean Gervaise, procureur fiscal (1621-1690), and (II)-Anne Archambault, Metis b-1621, died July 30, 1699 Ville-Marie (Montreal).
January 28: Trois Rivieres, birth (III)-Marie Lefebvre, Metis daughter (II)-Jacques Lefervre, Metis, seigneur de la Baie St. Antoine, (1647-1720), and Jeanne Aunois, savage/Metis b-1621 of the Indian Nation, died February 11, 1697, Trois Riviers; married February 7, 1701 Trois Rivieres, Pierre Niquet
March 25: Ville-Marie (Montreal), birth (II)-Francois Marie Bouat son (I)-Abrabam Bouat b-1644 and (I)-Marguerite De Nevelet b-1644, voyager to Mississippi in 1703.
April 15: A Royal ordinance prohibited the trading of furs in Indian villages, hopefully forcing the Indians to come to French settlements to trade. Street venders cannot sell to Indians between June 15 and August 15 in Ville-Marie (Montreal). It is unlawful to sell foodstuff door to door without first having shown it for sale at the Market until 11 am in Ville-Marie (Montreal). Restaurant owners and resellers cannot buy foodstuff in the Ville-Marie (Montreal) Market before 8 am.
May 7: Chateau Richer, birth (III)-Narie Madeleine Cloutier, Metis, daughter (II)-Jean Cloutier, (1621-1690) and (II)-Marie Martin, Metis, (1635-1699); married May 25, 1693, Chateau Richer, Julien Maufils.
May 11: Begging is prohibited in Ville-Marie (Montreal) unless a certificate from a parish priest is obtained.
May 20: Jacques de Chambly is appointed Governor of Acadia again, serving until 1678. Nashwaak and Jemseg are granted to Pierre de Joybert. The Dutch returned and began to fortify the deserted French Fort Penobscot. The English at Boston were alarmed and sent three war ships to drive the Dutch home, which they did but the English had no desire to occupy this fort..
October 11: Public Markets are established at Quebec, Trois Rivieres and Ville-Marie (Montreal), hopefully to cater to the Indian traffic.
October 13: Quebec at this time is a very pretty village being divided into Upper and Lower village. The Lower Village contain warehouses and the homes of the merchants. The Upper Village houses the Bishop who is building a fine edifice for himself. The Governor and Intendent live in Upper Village, as do the Ursulin Nuns, who are magnificently lodged. Their are about 100 houses containing some 800 people.
October 26: Ville-Marie (Montreal), birth (II)-Jean Baptiste Lefebvre, Metis, died July 18, 1703, Ville-Marie (Montreal), son (I)-Jean Baptiste Lefebvre (1651-1715) and (II)-Cunegonde Gervaise, Metis, (1657-1724).
November 12: Quebec, birth (II)-Francois Lemieux, Metis, son (I)-Guillaume Lemieux b-1648 and (II)-Elizabeth Langlois, Metis, (1645-1696): married Marie Paradis.
November 30: Ste Famille, birth (III)-Elizabeth Langlois, Metis, died December 13, 1674, Ste Famille, daughter (II)-Jean Langlois dit Boisverdun, Metis (1641-1687) and (II)-Francoise Charlotte Belanger, epouse 1695 Thomas Rousseau:
November 24: Quebec, Marriage (I)-Isaac Hervieux b-1751 to (III)-Marie Anne Pinguet, Metis, died July 12, 1687, daughter (II)-Pierre Pinguet dit La Glardiere (1630-1704) and (II)-Anne Chevalier, Metis.
December 25: Ste Famille, birth (II)-Mathew Aubin, Metis, died January 1, 1677 Ste Famille son (I)-Michel Aubin de Tourouve and (II)- Marie Madeleine Prevost, Metis, b-1647;
1677
Louis Cous dit Montour, also Lafleur, Metis speaks French, Huron, Algonquin, Iroquois and Sioux and works as interpreter in Deluth (Michigan) and at Illinois and the Country of the Sioux.
Intendant (1675-1682) Jacques de La Doussiniere et
d'Ambault Duchesneau (died France1696) established price
control in Fort Quebec. White bread weighing eleven ounces was to be sold for 20
deniers, a pound of brown bread at 2 sous, and only three bakers would be
given permission to sell retail bread.
Anne Bauge, wife of Guillaume Corruble, is accused of adultery, being
3-4 months pregnant by Jacques Defai. Anne Bauge is expelled from
Quebec for three years and Jacques Defai is fined 20 livres.
Birth (III)-Charles Langlois, Metis, died November 29, 1699, Cap St. Ignace,, son, (II)-Jean Langlois, Metis, b-1648 and (II)-Marie Cadieu
The cow population of New France is 3,107.
(I)-Baron de St. Castin, an Indian Metis born and educated in France returned to his people to occupy the deserted Fort Pentagoet, Acadia. He married Abenakis Woman the daughter of Madocawando and had several Metis daughters all married to Frenchmen. St. Castin was consider by some to be a friend of the English but others believed every savage action against the English was instigated by Baron de St. Castin.
January 14: An illegitimate child is born to Marie Therese Viel d-July 28, 1710 and (II)-Madard Chouart, sieur des Groseilliers. a companion of (II)-Pierre Esprit Chouart dit Radisson, Metis (1636-1710). Madard is ordered to pay 200 pounds and Marie was returned to her husband Etienne Boyer dit Lafontaine.
March 11: Ville-Marie (Montreal), birth (II)-Ignace Tessier, Metis son (I)-Urbain Tessier (1624-1689) and (II)-Marie Archambault, Metis (1636-1719); married 1704 (II)-Marguerite Luissier b-1683 daughter (I)-Jacques Luissier.
May: Based on false papers, (I)-Rene Robert Cavelier de La Salle (1643-1687) obtained the exclusive right to explore the lands between Florida and Mexico and to build forts.
May 9: King Louis XIV established a tribunal called the Prevote de Quebec, consisting of a Lieutenant Governor, a King's Attorney and a clerk.
June 28: Quebec, birth (III)-Jean Baptiste Miville. Metis, son, (II)-Francois Miville and (II)-Marie Langlois, Metis (1636-1687)
July 13: Quebec, birth (II)-Jean Fournier, Metis daughter (I)-Guillaume Fournier, (1619-1699) and (III)-Francoise Hebert, Metis b-1637: married July 13, 1699, Cap St. Ignace, Elizabeth Bouchard.
September 12: Trois Rivieres, birth (IV)-Genevieve Francoise La Gardeur, died July 25, 1690 Boucherville daughter (III)-Pierre Noel Le Gardeur and (II)-Marguerite Volant, Metis, b-1659
November 4/11: Ste Famille, birth/deth (III)-Pierre Cote, Metis, son (II)-Martin Cote, Metis, b-1639 and (II)-Suzanne Page;
December 21: Ste Famille, birth (III)-Pierre Langlois, Metis, son (II)-Jean Langlois dit Boisverdun, Metis (1641-1687) and (II)-Francoise Charlotte Belanger, epouse 1695 Thomas Rousseau:
December 27: Ville-Marie (Montreal), birth (II)-Geoffroy Lefebvre, Metis, son (I)-Jean Baptiste Lefebvre (1651-1715) and (II)-Cunegonde Gervaise, Metis, (1657-1724); married June 30, 1704, Ville-Marie (Montreal) (II)-Marie Madeleine Michel Michaud b-1681, died March 25, 1745, Ville-Marie (Montreal), veuve Jacques Leduc, daughter (I)-Jean Michaud..
1678
Uknown Amerindien married Abt. 1678 Acadia and MARIE Amerindien married, Acadia, date unknown Phillipe d'Azy MIUS.
Rene Robert Cavelier de La Salle (1643-1687) began establishing a chain of trading posts.
(II)-Louis Garnaud is born March 23, 1678 at L'Ange Gardien, New France and assumed to have died at birth, the son of (I)-Louis Garnaud and (I)-Marie Mazoue.
(III)-Francois Mius, Metis, b-1678, Acadia son (II)-Philippe Mius, b-1660 and Marie Mi'Kmag; married 1700 Port Royal, Acadia Jacques (Beaumont) Bonnevie, b-1678, Port Royal, Acadia.
(II)-Philippe Mius, b-1660, Acadia, son (I)-Philippe Mius d'Entremont, b-1601, Normandy France and Madeline Nelie (Elie) du Tillet; 1st married 1678, Acadia, Indian woman, 2nd marriage Marie Mi'Kmag.
The Jesuit Bishop Father (I)- Francois Xavier de Laval Montmorency (1623-1708) again attacked the Huguenot by attempting to trap (I)-Louis de Baud Count of Frontenac (1620-1698), the Huguenot, and demanded the brandy trade be stopped.
When Du Lhut was in Montreal in 1678, the savages gave him three slaves.
January 17: Ville-Marie (Montreal), marriage Jean Dupuis to (II)-Jeanne Gervaise, Metis, born May 5, 1659, Ville-Marie (Montreal), daughter (I)- Jean Gervaise (1621-1690), and (II)-Anne Archambault, Metis (1621- 1699).
February 2: birth (II)-Genevieve Rate, Metis, daughter (I)-Jacques Rate, (1630-1690) and (II)-Anne Martin, Metis, b-1645; married 1704 Jean Sicard.
April 19: Quebec, birth (II)-Marthe Lemieux, Metis, daughter (I)-Guillaume Lemieux b-1648 and (II)-Elizabeth Langlois, Metis, (1645-1696): married November 5, 1698, St. Ignace, Joseph Bouche.
April 25: Beauport, birth (II)-Marguerite Savariaux daughter (I)-Jacques Savariaux (Metis?) (1636-1724) and Suzanne Lacroix, (Huron?) (1653-1718), this family is most likely sauvage or Metis family
August 28: Sillery, Quebec, birth (II)-Marie Anne Du Bocq, Metis daughter (I)-Laurent Du Bocq b-1636 and Marie Felix Arontio, Huronne, Sauvagesse; Ursuline dite Ste Marie Madeleine, Metis, died August 20, 1734, Quebec.
October 26: The Brandy Parliament of twenty of the most important Seigneurs and merchants met at Chateau Saint Louis to discuss the brandy trade. The result is a vote of fifteen to five that went against the Roman Church to make no change to the brandy trade, with (I)-Louis de Baud Count of Frontenac (1620-1698), the Huguenot, agreeing to limit permits to go to Native villages to the smallest possible number. The parliament challenged the Bishop's reserved case, where traders in brandy to Natives resulted in exclusion from the sacraments of the church. The Church decree remained in force. Two young men had been hanged, at the instigation of the Church, for trading brandy only a few years before, and a third had been flogged. This sparked indignation against the Church.
September: (I)-Rene Robert Cavelier de La Salle (1643-1687), with 30 frenchmen and Father Louis Hennepin- a Recollet, built Fort Niagara on the east side of the Niagara River at Lake Ontario.
October: The so called Brandy Parliament met and voted 15 to 5 that no restrictions be placed on the liquor trade in New France.
October 6: Quebec, birth (II)-Leonard Hervieux, Metis, died May 29, 1747, son (I)-Isaac Hervieux b-1651 and (III)-Marie Anne Pinguet, Metis (1661-1687); married February 3, 1705, La Pointe aux Trembles, Catherine Magnan.
November 9: Ville-Marie (Montreal), birth/death, (III)-Paul Tessierm Metis son (II)-Jean Tessier dit Lavigue, Metis, died December 7, 1734 Ville-Marie (Montreal), 1st married November 21, 1686 (II)-Laprairie Jeanne Leber (1671-1687) 2nd married April 21, 1688 Laprairie (II)-Louise Caron (1671-1703) 3rd marriage August 27, 1703 Laprairie (II)-Marie Catherine de Poitiers, (1671-1745).
November 21: Ste Famille, birth (III)-Marie Madeline Langlois, Metis, daughter, (II)-Jean Langlois, Metis, b-1648 and (II)-Marie Cadieu: married January 11, 1699 Cap St. Ignace, Jean Gagne.
.
1679
(III)-Marie Mius, Metis, b-1679, Acadia daughter (II)-Philippe Mius, b-1660 and Marie Mi'Kmag; married 1697 Acadia Francois Viger, b-1662.
The following missions de la Province de Quebec are established this year: Levis, St. Thomas, Cap st. Ignace, Islet, St. Pierre, Ile d'Orleans, St. Laurent, Ile d'Orleans, St. Francois, Ile d'Orleans, Charlesbourg, Pointe aux Trembles, Quebec, Cap Sante, Champlain, Repentigny, and St. Jean, Ile d'Orleans..
Philippe Énault de Barbaucannes married 1679, Acadia.Unknown Micmac (Mi'kmaq)
(II)-Jacques Garnaud is born May 1, 1679 at L'Ange Gardien son (I)-Louis Garnaud and (I)-Marie Mazoue.
The population of New France is 9,400 persons.
The Governor of Ville-Marie (Montreal) has been imprisoning people arbitrarily, and King Louis XIV issued an edict forbidding this practice. If any person is imprisoned without being duly charged by a court of law, the officials shall suffer the pain of severe penalties.
February 26: Ville-Marie (Montreal), birth (II)-Louis Lefebvre, Metis, died November 14, 1707, Ville-Marie (Montreal), son (I)-Jean Baptiste Lefebvre (1651-1715) and (II)-Cunegonde Gervaise, Metis, (1657-1724).
March 28: Sillery, Quebec, birth, (II)-Genevieve Couturier, Metis, died March 24, 1715, Quebec, daughter (I)-Jacques Couturier b-1646, and Catherine Annennontank, Huronne, b-1649, veuve September 23, 1662, de Jean Durand (1640-1671); married October 31, 1701 Quebec, Jean Metivier
April 2: Ste Famille, birth (III)-Anne Cote, Metis, died October 15, 1754, Quebec daughter (II)-Martin Cote, Metis, b-1639 and (II)-Suzanne Page;
April 14: Quebec, birth (III)-Charles Miville. Metis, son, (II)-Francois Miville and (II)-Marie Langlois, Metis (1636-1687); 1st married April 16, 1703, Beauport, Marie Savarias; 2nd marriage January 10, 1708, Beauport, Madeleine Tardif.
June 17: Ville-Marie (Montreal), birth (II)-Nicolas Tessier, Metis, died January 4, 1757 L'Hopital General, Ville-Marie (Montreal), son (I)-Urbain Tessier (1624-1689) and (II)-Marie Archambault, Metis (1636-1719); married January 27, 1716, Ville-Marie (Montreal) (III)-Genevieve Auge b-1699 died October 30, 1748, Ville-Marie (Montreal) daughter (II)-Jean Auge.
August 7: (I)-Rene Robert Cavelier de La Salle (1643-1687) set sail for Michillimackinac, having built a brigantine.
August 24: Quebec, birth (II)-Jacques Fournier, Metis son (I)-Guillaume Fournier, (1619-1699) and (III)-Francoise Hebert, Metis b-1637:
August 27: (I)-Rene Robert Cavelier de La Salle (1643-1687) began exploring Baie des Punts (Green Bay) and Lake Michigan. Upon reaching the mouth of the the Miami River (St. Joseph) he built Fort Miami.
October 9: Champlain, birth (II)-Adrien Robillard, died January 4, 1721 Kaskakia, son (I)-Claude Robillard and Marie Binard; married Domitide Sacatchi8c8a sauvagesse, Illinoise
October 23: Trois Rivers, the unpunished murder this date of (III)-Jeanne Couc dit Lafleur, Metis, b-1657, Trois Rivers, daughter, (II)-Pierre Couc dit Lafleur and Marie Mitedmeg8k8e, Algonquine, by Jean Rattier dit DuBuisson, marks the beginning of the end of the peaceful coexistence between the French Administration and the Metis of the greater area of Trois Rivers. A farm laborer Jean Rattier says Dubuisson is the murder of Jeanne and wounds inflicted to his father. The lord of Saint-François of the Lake, close to Three-Rivers, Jean Crevier, and one of his servants are for their part marked of complicity after the fact. Jean Rattier undergoes two lawsuits. He is condemned each time to be hung. One offers however the life to him saves if he agrees to act as torturer.
November 10: Intendant Jacques Duchesneau de la Doussiniere et d'Ambault (1650-1796) estimated the Coureurs des Boise as between 500 to 600 not counting those who leave every day.
1680
Richard (de Fronsac) Denys married 1680 Acadia to Anne Patarabego sauvagesse She first married Richard Denys.
(III)-Joseph (Dazi) Mius, Metis, b-1680, Acadia son (II)-Philippe Mius, b-1660 and Marie Mi'Kmag: married 1699, Acadia, (II)-Marie Amirault, b-1684, Acadia, daughter (I)-Francois (Touangeau) Amirault, b-1664, and Marie Pitre, b-1666.
(II)-Jean Prevost, Metis, b-1660 son (I)-Martin Prevost (1611-1691) and Marie Oliver Sylvestre, sauvagesse (1626-1665): married 1680 (II)-Francoise LeBlanc, b-1662, epouse February 18, 1700 Montreal, (I)-Pierre Delorme (1674-1755).
The missions Grondines & Contrecoeur de la Province de Quebec is established this year.
New France has an estimated population of 10,000, 800 Acadians and 1,100 English in Newfoundland.
The number of Coureurs des Boise is estimated as 800 up from 600 a year earlier. It is suggested there is at least one Coureur des Boise in every family.
Michel des Rosiers, dit St. Michel b-1727, died January 27, 1759, Montreal, married 1680 (II)-Marie Artaut, Metis, b-1667 daughter (I)-Pierre Artaut b-1630 and Louise sauvagesse b-1621.
Baron de Lahontan wrote: One is indeed surprised at the disorderliness, the feasts, the games and expense incurred by the Coureurs des Bois, both in clothing and women, as soon as they arrive. Those who are married go to their homes, but those who are not act like sailors returning from India. They spend, eat, drink and gamble everything as long as there are beaver pelts. When these are gone, they sell their gold, lace and clothing. Then they must go back on a trading journey to survive.
The New France slave code reads: If a slave tries to escape, we cut off his ear and we brand a fleur de lis on his shoulder with a hot iron; If he tries to escape a second time, we cut the hamstrings on the back of the legs; If he is so bold as to try again, death.
Tithing is set at one thirteenth of the crop, and the habitants find this tax excessive.
Fort Ville-Marie (Montreal) 1680 - 1690
A drawing of Ville-Marie (Montreal) 1680 - 1690
A trading post established at the mouth of the Pigeon River called Du Luth. The King of France does not accept the contention of (I)-Louis de Baud Count of Frontenac (1620-1698), the Huguenot, that the Intendent authorizes the Coureurs des Bois. The King suggests Frontenac is at fault, as he favors those engaged in a trade that is totally contrary to the well being of Canada.
Jean Rattier murdered Jeanne Couc and is condemned to death. There is no executioner and he is offered his freedom if he accepts the office of executioner. He accepted the office.
Intendent Duchesenau wrote that the Missions and the Jesuit fathers bring peltries, but the Governor, sieurs Perot, Boisseau and De Lut and Patron, his uncle, sell peltries to the English, getting twice what the French offer.
The French plan was to Frenchify the Indians but were horrified to discover that about 40% of the young men were disappearing into the woods with their Indian wives. About this time the criminals called Coureurs de Boise are given the respectable name of Voyageurs.
Oliver Morel sold the seigniory of Kamouraska, Quebec to Charles Aubert of Chesnaye but neither men did anything to develop the area and by 1683 only one family lived in the area.
January: (I)-Rene Robert Cavelier de La Salle (1643-1687) reaches Peoria, Illinois where he builds Fort Crevecoeur (Fort Heartbreak).
January 4: Ange Gardien, birth/death (II)-Marie Savariaux daughter (I)-Jacques Savariaux (Metis?) (1636-1724) and Suzanne Lacroix, (Huron?) (1653-1718), this family is most likely sauvage or Metis family
January 4: (I)-Francois St. Michel dit Rosiers b-1656 married January 4, 1680 Quebec (Tanguay says to Marie Madeleine Berthelot b-1662 however (II)-Marie Madeleine b-1662 daughter (I)-Andre Berthelot (1633-1687) and (III)-Marie Gasnier married 1st. 1677 Pierre Prevost, 2nd January 9, 1685 Joseph Pare and 3rd November 5, 1725 Noel Delessard) It is more likely he married (II)-Marie Artaut, Metis, b-1667 who claims to have married Michel des Rosiers 1680, being the daughter (I)-Pierre Artaut b-1630 and Louise Sauvagesse.
January 8; Beauport, birth (II)-Marie Madeleine Vachon, Metis, died February 18, 1703 Beauport, daughter (I)-Paul Vachon (1630-1703) and (II)-Marguerite Langlois, Metis (1639-1697); married November 23, 1699, Beauport, Pierre Vallee
April 14: St. Ignace, birth (II)-Anne Lemieux, Metis, daughter (I)-Guillaume Lemieux b-1648 and (II)-Elizabeth Langlois, Metis, (1645-1696): married October 25, 1694, St, Ignace, Charles Bernier.
April 21: Beauport, birth (III)-Madeleine Louise Langlois, Metis, died October 7, 1682 Beauport, daughter, (II)-Noel Langlois dit Traversy, Metis d-1693 and (II)-Aymee Caron d-1685:
May 19: St. Pierre I.O., birth (III)-Joseph Langlois, Metis, son (II)-Jean Langlois dit Boisverdun, Metis (1641-1687) and (II)-Francoise Charlotte Belanger, epouse 1695 Thomas Rousseau: married August 11, 1705 St. Thomas, Louise Nolin.
1681
The missions Baie St. Paul & St. Ours de la Province de Quebec is established this year.
(II)-Louis Couc, b-1659 married 1681 Sorel, Madeleine Sacokie sauvageese; 2nd marriage January 7, 1688 St-Frs-du-Lac, Jeanne Quigesig8k8e.
Anne Hard born 1681 Chitto, Pres Douvres, baptized April 10, 1694, Ville-Marie (Montreal) daughter Benjamin Hard an English from Chitto and Elizabeth Roberts; Ann was captured by the savages, Loops January 25, 1692, and is now in the care of Pierre Prudhomme.
(III)-Francois Mius, Metis, b-1681, Acadia son (II)-Philippe Mius and Marie Mi'Kmag, married 1700, Acadia. Marie Mi'Kmag.
Louis XIV (1638-1715) decreed that the first offence of being a Coureur des Boise is flogging, a second offence was branding with the Fleur de Lys, and a third offence was life in the Galleys. This policy was not successful and the Coureur des Boise were continually blamed for corrupting morals, disorderliness with the native women and above all, the fact that they openly displayed the kind of free spirit that was naturally associated with bad behavior. It is noteworthy that they only wanted freedom, and democratic rule, like the savages.
Virginia had a population between 70,000 and 80,000 people. It is noteworthy that Virginia had 3,000 black slaves and 15,000 white slaves. There are a considerable number of free Negroes, some of whom had become wealthy.
The Intendant (1675-1682) Jacques de La Doussiniere et d'Ambault Duchesneau of Quebec wrote that the English are still in the Bay of the North (Hudson Bay) and do a great deal of harm to the French trade. They should be driven out by armed force. He also recommended the Iroquois be subdued by armed force to reduce the fur trade to the English. Duchesneau denounced the illegal trafficking of many of the Coureurs des Bois and suggested that Governor (I)-Louis de Bunde, count de Frontenac (1620-1698), is so permissive as to smack of desire for personal gain. Frontenac accused Duchesneau of being the tool of Bishop Lavel. The two antagonists were recalled to France simultaneously, their disputes had injured the colony. The Jesuit Bishop, Father (I)- Francois Xavier de Laval Montmorency, (1623-1708) however, was not recalled. Bishop Laval was noted as a man who listened to no one, and his zeal bore him well beyond his mandate. It is noteworthy that Count Frontenac could not get along with the Jesuits, the fur traders, civil authorities and even the Sulpitians. The religious could not tolerate a Huguenot as the Governor of New France nor a Coureurs des Bois as Governor of Ville-Marie (Montreal)..
Most churches in New France are not heated due to the risk of fire. Only 7 churches were made of stone.
By this date 77 horses and 19 mares are recorded in New France.
January 14: Trois Rivieres, birth (III)-Jacques Lefebvre, Metis, died April 15, 1744 Baie du Febvre (noye=drowned) son (II)-Jacques Lefervre, Metis, seigneur de la Baie St. Antoine, (1647-1720), and Jeanne Aunois, savage/Metis b-1621 of the Indian Nation, died February 11, 1697, Trois Riviers; married May 2, 1735 Baie du Febvre, Marguerite Lanel.
February 1: Repentigny, marriage (I)-Jean Baptiste Fonteneau dit St. Jean, b-1650 married (II)-Madeleine Martin, Metis, b-1640, epouse February 6, 1653, Quebec (I)-Nicolas Froget dit Despatis, b-1620; daughter (I)-Abraham Martin dit L'Ecossais (1589-1664) and Marguerite Langlois, Metis
February 3: St. Pierre, I.O., birth (III)-Jean Langlois, Metis, died March 16, 1681 St. Pierre, I.O., son, (II)-Jean Langlois, Metis, b-1648 and (II)-Marie Cadieu:
February 17: Chateau Richer marriage
February 17: Chateau Richer, marriage (II)-Louis Prevost, Metis, b-1651, died May 27, 1686, Beauport, son (I)-Martin Prevost (1611-1691) and Marie Oliver Sylvestre, Sauvagesse (1626-1665): married February 21, 1672, Chateau Richer, (II)-Francoise Gagnon, b-1655: second marriage February 17, 1681 (II)-Marguerite Careau, b-1662.
March 20: Lorette, Quebec, birth, (II)-Denis Joseph Couturier, Metis, son (I)-Jacques Couturier b-1646 and Catherine Annennontak, Huronne, Sauvageese, b-1649, veuve 1662 de Jean Durand (1636-1671); 1st married January 11, 1712 Becancour (Batiscan), Quebec, Catherine Proteau born June 28, 1691, died March 31, 1717 Ste Anne de la Perade (dans l'eglise) dauighter (I)-Luc Proteau (1668-1752) and (II)-Marie Madeleine Germain (1670-1757); 2nd marriage February 21, 1718 Cap-Sante, Quebec, (III)-Angelique LeTellier (Tellier), (1699-1729), daughter (I)-Francois Letellier; 3rd marriage April 13, 1733, Deschambault, Quebec (II)-Therese Hamel, b-1707, died March 14, 1737 St. Pierre les Becquets, veuve de (II)-Jean Joseph Tousignan (1678-1732), daughter (II)-Jean Francois Hamel..
May 22: France, Royal Ordnance by Louis XIV at Versailles dated May 22, 1681 gave authority to grant 'Conge de Traite' for 25 canoes with three men to go into the interior to trade with the Indians.
June 4: birth, Francois Couc dit Montour, Metis, born Saint Francois du Lac or Sorel, baptised August 30, 1682, Sorel and died December 9, 1700, Trois Rivers son Louis Cous dit Montour, Metis d-1708 and Madeleine Sacokie of the tribe of Sokokis, a subgroup of Abenakis.
June 22: Quebec, birth (II)-Louise Catherine Du Bocq, Metis son (I)-Laurent Du Bocq b-1636 and Marie Felix Arontio, Huronne, Sauvagesse; married May 6, 1709, Ville-Marie (Montreal), (I)-Jean Ride b-1680.
July 22 : Ville-Marie (Montreal), birth (II)-Marie Anne Lefebvre, Metis, died December 27, 1735, Ville-Marie (Montreal), daughter (I)-Jean Baptiste Lefebvre (1651-1715) and (II)-Cunegonde Gervaise, Metis, (1657-1724): 1st married October 28, 1697, Ville-Marie (Montreal) (II)-Jacques Picard; 2nd married Seur dite St Michel, congreg de N.D. died May10, 1717, Ville-Marie (Montreal).
August 15: Quebec, birth (II)-Marie Anne Hervieux, Metis, daughter (I)-Isaac Hervieux b-1651 and (III)-Marie Anne Pinguet, Metis (1661-1687); married September 28, 1699, Quebec (I)-Jean Molay b-1669.
August 17: I'Iiet, birth (III)-Jean Francoi Miville. Metis, died October 18, 1703, Beauport, son, (II)-Francois Miville and (II)-Marie Langlois, Metis (1636-1687)
October 13: Quebec, marriage, (II)-Paul Tessier dit Chaumine, Metis, born February 5, 1651, Ville-Marie (Montreal), died April 26, 1730 Longue Pointe, son (I)- Urbain Tessier, (1624-1689) and (II)-Marie Archambault, Metis baptised, 1636, died August 16, 1719 Pte Aux Trembles, Ville-Marie (Montreal); married October 13, 1681 Chateau Richer (III)-Madeleine Cloutier b-1660 died February 12, 1748 Longue Pointe.
November 3: St. Pierre, I.O., birth (III)-Elizabeth Cote, Metis, daughter (II)-Martin Cote, Metis, b-1639 and (II)-Suzanne Page;
1682
The mission Batiscan de la Province de Quebec is established this year.
Unknown Cellier dit Charet (Memchaaret) married 1682, Acadia, Marie Amerindien.
(II)-Richard Denis married 1st, Anne Parabego Sauvageese; 2nd marriage October 15, 1689 (II)-Francoise Cailteau, b-1665.
(III)-Nicolas Denis, Metis, died February 3, 1732 Beaumont, son (II)-Richard Denis and Anne Parabego, Sauvagesse; married Marie Sauvagesse.
(I)-Robert Cavelier Sieur de La Salle (1644-1687) abandons Fort Frontenac, and Governor Joseph LeFebvre de La Barre (1682-85) assigns the post to Sieur de la Chenaye who sends Sergeant Champagne to occupy the post and restore trade with the Coureurs des Bois.
(I)- Rene Robert Cavelier de La Salle (1643-1687) falsified geography, situating the mouth of the Mississippi over 600 miles to the west of its true course to convince the French King of the feasibility of establishing a base for the conquest of Mexico. An expedition under the joint leadership of (I)- Robert Cavelier Sieur de La Salle (1644-1687) and Captain de Beaujeu departed La Rochello, France, with 300 men and women, was to establish a colony at the mouth of the Mississippi River and make the French masters of the whole known North American continent. La Salles brother- Jean Cavelier, La Salle, Henri Joutel and a friar named Anastase Douay is among the crew.
(III)-Maurice (Mieusse) Mius, Metis, b-1682, Acadia son (II)-Philippe Mius and Marie Mi'Kmag, married 1702, Acadia, Marquerite Mi'Kmag.
(III)-Mathieu (Emieusse) Mius, Metis, b-1682, Acadia daughter (II)-Philippe Mius, b-1660 and Marie Mi'Kmag; married 1704 Acadia Marie Madeleine Mi'Kmag.
(III)-Maurice (Mieusse) Mius, Metis, b-1682, Acadia son (II)-Philippe Mius, b-1660 and Marie Mi'Kmag; married 1702 Acadia Marguerite Mi'Kmag.
Grand-Pré located in Minas is founded. It will become the bread basket of Acadia.
The Bishop, the Ecclesiastics and the Jesuits all complained and conspired to remove (I)-Louis de Baud ,Count of Frontenac (1620-1698), the Huguenot, for encouraging the Coureurs des Bois and exploration among his Huguenot friends; such as Nicholas Perrot (1644-1717), Du L'hut, Robert Cavelier Sieur de La Salle (1644-1687)- a would be Jesuit who is mentally instable, de La Mothe, Cadillac and Henri Tonty (1649-1704), much based on the impudent liar Father Louis Hennepin (1626-1705). The Jesuit considered the Coureurs des Bois as reprobates beyond help, either spiritually or physically having merged with the children of the forest and become lost to civilization. That the Recollets sided with Frontenac the Huguenot, further infuriated the Jesuits. The Members of the Society of Foreign Missionaries attacked the practices of the Jesuits.
The women and girls of New France are excluded from the sacraments for their indecent apparel. They appear at mass with displays of Satan, nudity of arms, shoulders and throats and heads bared, unworthy of a Christian person.
Joseph Antoine Le Febvre de La Barre (1622-1688), Governor New France (1682-85), with his Intendant Jacques de Meulles, (1682-86) replaced (I)-Louis de Baude, Count of Frontenac (1620-1698), the Huguenot, one-month after the Fort Quebec fire of August 4 that destroyed fifty-four houses and warehouses. The Jesuit spy, Father Jean de Lamberville, in a Iroquois village, reported the Iroquois will destroy the French colony if they start another war. A council of war is conducted on October 10 by New France Governor Lafevre de La Barre (1682-1685), Intendant Jacques de Meulles (1682-1686), the Jesuit Bishop Father (I)- Francois Xavier de Laval Montmorency (1623-1708), Father Dollier of St. Sulpice, Father Beschefer, Father Fremin, Mayor Quebec, Governor Varenne of Three Rivers and de Brussy, Dalibout, Duquet, Lemoine, Ladutantais, Bizard, Vieuxpont, Duluth, de Sorel, Derepentigny, Berthier and Boucher.
(I)- Lefevre de La Barre (1622-1688), Governor New France September 1682 to August 1685, like many Governors of New France, desires to enrich himself in the fur trade. He joins forces with several Quebec merchants to attempt to secure the Illinois trade by confiscating the posts of (I)-Rene Robert Cavelier de La Salle (1643-1687), protégé of the previous Governor Frontenac. Some suggest the attack on the Iroquois is part of his plan to steal the Illinois trade. His reign would end in infamy.
(I)-Jacques de Chevalier, de Meulles (d-1703), was Intendant New France from September 1682 to July 1686. De Meulles, despite explicit instructions, was embroiled in confrontation with Governor La Barre (1622-1688) throughout his term (1682-1685). Governor Denonville (1637-1710) accused de Meulles of greed and illegal trafficking, thereby causing his recall to France.
Governor La Barre organized a 800 man army and marched on the Iroquois. The French are defeated and forced to accept Iroquois terms of peace to abandon their Savage allies. King Louis XIV is appalled with the terms of the treaty granted to these naked savages.
About 120-150 families of Mohawks move to Sault Saint Louis (Caughnawaga) near Ville-Marie (Montreal), and by 1700, two thirds of all Mohawks had settled in Quebec.
The Jesuit Bishop, Father (I)- Francois Xavier de Laval Montmorency (1623-1708), issued a pastoral letter condemned the wearing of indecent gowns revealing scandalous views of their nude shoulders and bosoms. Eventually, Bishop St. Vallier ordered the priests to refuse absolution to those women who wore these fashions, either in their own home or in public. The French Government is quick to order the New France clergy to quit harassing the women in this fashion. It is noteworthy that the women in New France are only following the fashion trends of France.
January: (I)-Rene Robert Cavelier de La Salle (1643-1687) departed Fort Crevecoeur with 23 French and 18 Indians via Chicagou (Chicago), Renard (Fox) and Illinois Rivers.
February: The (I)-Rene Robert Cavelier de La Salle's (1643-1687) party reach the Mississippi near Memphis where Fort Prud'homme is built.
March 1: Beauport, birth (III)-Madeline Langlois, Metis, died December 12, 1702, Quebec, daughter, (II)-Jean Langlois, Metis, b-1648 and (II)-Marie Cadieu:
March 4: Beauport, birth (III)-Agnes Langlois, Metis, died August 1, 1683, Beauport, daughter (II)-Noel Langlois dit Traversy, Metis d-1693 and (II)-Aymee Caron d-1685:
March 7: Beauport, birth, (III)-Vincent Prevost, Metis, died April 12, 1758, Beauport, son (II)-Louis Prevost, Metis, (1651-1686) and (II)-Marguerite Careau, b-1662: married L'Ange Gardien, (III)-Marie Agnes Vesina (1679-1766)
March 7: Beauport, birth (II)-Marie Savariaux, died September 30, 1707 Beauport, daughter (I)-Jacques Savariaux (Metis?) (1636-1724) and Suzanne Lacroix, (Huron?) (1653-1718), this family is most likely sauvage or Metis family; married April 16, 1703 Beauport, Charles Miville
March 30: St. Ignace, birth (II)-Guiliaume Augustin Lemieux, Metis, died June 11, 1703, St. Ignace, son (I)-Guillaume Lemieux b-1648 and (II)-Elizabeth Langlois, Metis, (1645-1696).
April 6: (I)-Rene Robert Cavelier de La Salle (1643-1687) and party sight the mouth of the Mississippi River.
April 9: (I)-Rene Robert Cavelier de La Salle (1643-1687), near Venice, Louisana, erected a cross with a name plate reading "in the name of Louis XIV, King of France and of Navarre, this ninth of April 1682. The Country of Louisiana is hereby proclaimed:
"The mighty, invincible, and victorious Prince, LOUIS THE GREAT, by the grace of God, King of France and Navarre, 14th of that name, this ninth day of April, one thousand six hundred and eighty-two, I, in virtue of the commission of his Majesty (Louis XIV) which I hold in my hand, and which may be seen by all whom it may concern, have taken, and do now take in the name of his Majesty and of his successors to the crown, possession of this Country of Louisiana, the seas, harbors, ports, bays, adjacent straits; and all nations, people, provinces, cities, towns, villages, mines, minerals, fisheries, streams, and rivers comprised in the extent of Louisiana, from the mouth of the great River St. Louis on the easterb side, otherwise called OHIO, Alighinsipou (Alleghany), or Chickagoua, and this with the consent of the Chouanons (Shawanoes), Chicachas (Chickasaws), and other people dwelling therein, with who we have made alliance; as also along the River Colbert or Mississippi, and rivers which discharge themselves therein, from its source; beyond the Country of the Kious (Sioux) or Nadouessions, and this with their consent, and with the consent of the Motantees, Illinois, Mesigameas (Metchigamias), Akanas, Natches, and Loroas, which are the most considerable nations dwelling therein, with whom also we have nade alliance either by ourselves or by others in our behalf".
The French monarch, on hearing the news, however, proclaimed it is utterly useless.
May 1: (I)-Joseph Antoine Le Febvre de La Barre (1622-1688) is appointed Governor of New France (October 9, 1682 to July 31, 1685). Jacques De Meulles d-1703 is appointed Intendant (October 9, 1682 to September 23, 1686).
July 24: The French King, based on false reports, dispatched 228 recruits, including several women, to set sail from La Rochelle, France aboard four ships for the Louisiana Territory. One ship is lost at sea, another turns back to France, seriously undermining the venture.
August 3: Sorel, marriage (I)-Francois Singerny also St. Cerny and Delpee b-1640, died December 15, 1725 Trois Rivieres married to (II)-Marie Angelique Couc dit Lafleur, Metis, b-1661, died January 7, 1750 Pte du Lac, daughter (I)-Pierre Couc dit Lafleur (1624-1665) and Marie Mite8ameg8k8e (Miteouamigoukoue), an Algonquine, sauvagesse, (1631-1699).
August 3: Sorel, marriage, Francois Delpee (1640-1725) to (II)-Marie Angelique Couc dit Lafleur, Metis, b-1661, died January 7, 1750 la Pte du Lac., daughter, (I)-Pierre Couc dit Lafleur (1624-1690), and Marie Mite8ameg8k8e, Algonquine sauvagesse (1631- 1699).
August 30: Sorel, birth (III)-Francois Couc, Metis, Son (II)-Louis Couc dit Montour, b-1659 Madeleine Sacokie sauvageese..
August 30: Ville-Marie (Montreal), birth, (III)-Charles Tessier, Metis son (II)-Paul Tessier dit Chaumine (1651-1730) and (III)-Madeleine Cloutier (1660-1748).
October: St. Pierre, I.O., birth (III)-Clement Langlois, Metis, son (II)-Jean Langlois dit Boisverdun, Metis (1641-1687) and (II)-Francoise Charlotte Belanger, epouse 1695 Thomas Rousseau: married June 25, 1704 Chateau Richer, Marie Anne Prevost
October 10: The Jesuits hold an assembly at Quebec to discuss the Iroquois war that had occurred for the past 5 years against the Illinois was was instigated by the Jesuits themselves. The Jesuit at this time are blaming the English for supplying guns, powder and lead to the Iroquois over the past four years. The Jesuits finally appreciate that the war they started would in future be turned upon themselves and they would deprive us of all the trade and destroying, at the same time, all Christian Missions that are among the nations the Iroquois are attacking.
November 14: The Recollet Father Zenobe had a dispatch from (I)-Robert Cavelier Sieur de La Salle (1644-1687) to be taken to Colbert of France. (I)- Joseph Antoine Le Febvre de La Barre (1622-1688) is not allowed to read the dispatch, suggesting it includes his support of the Jesuit atrocities. He admits the Iroquois are trying to kill (I)-Robert Cavelier Sieur de La Salle (1644-1687). He also advises the Iroquois have killed a few Frenchmen this autumn and suggests they they will begin open war against the French next Spring. He fails to place the blame of war on the Jesuits and mildly suggests La Salle maybe the cause. This clearly suggests La Barre maybe involved with the Jesuits.
December 13; Beauport, birth (II)-Guiliaume Vachon, Metis, died December 28, 1702 Beauport, son (I)-Paul Vachon (1630-1703) and (II)-Marguerite Langlois, Metis (1639-1697);
December 26: Quebec, birth (II)-Genevieve Gatien, Metis, died June 3, 1711 Quebec, daughter (I)-Pierre Gaten b-1659 and (III)-Genevieve Pinguet, Metis (1665-1702); married April 23, 1703, Quebec (II)-Jean Michelon (1669-1724)