The French King imposed a fine of 2,000 pounds of sugar if a man was
convicted of fathering a child by a slave,
and the mother and child was seized
and given to the religious to work in the hospitals, both as slaves.
This is the first reference to French Metis slaves.
FRENCH HISTORY 1700-1705
FRENCH INDEX Return to Main French INDEX
The English and French make peace.
1694
(III)-Madeleine Mius, Metis, b-1694, Acadia daughter (II)-Philippe Mius, b-1660 and Marie Mi'Kmag; married Jean Baptiste I Guidry, b-1694 died November 13, 1726, hung Boston for Piracy..
The mission St. Nicolas de la Province de Quebec is established this year.
(II)-Marie Anne You, Metis, b-1694, Ville-Marie (Montreal) daughter (I)-Pierre You, sieur De la Decouverte b-1658, died August 28, 1718, Ville-Marie (Montreal) married likely 1693 Ville-Marie (Montreal) to Elisabeth Sauvagesse Miami; married August 15, 1718, Ville-Marie (Montreal) Jean Richard.
Iberville, with four hundred men, took the newly built Fort Pemaquid in Acadia, which is defended by Pascho Chubb and ninety five men, with little loss, as Chubb surrendered for safe conduct back to Boston. Sebastien de Billie and Father Louis Pierre Thury, (1644-1699), an English missionary, with 230 Indians, attack Oyster Bay, Maine, killing 100 settlers.
Jurriaen Aernoutsz, a Dutchman, claimed Western Acadia (New Brunswick) as New Holland. He captured Fort Pentagouet (Castine, Maine) and Fort Jemseg up the Saint John River. The Dutch colonists skirmished with the New English traders, and the Dutch are banished from Massachusetts which they used as a supply base.
January 16: Sebastien de Billie and Father Louis Pierre Thury, (1644-1699), an English missionary, led 230 Indians in an attack on Oyster Bay, Maine, massacring over 100 settlers.
February 8: Beauport, marriage (III)-Marie Anne Langlois, Metis daughter (II)-Noel Langlois dit Traversy, Metis d-1693 and (II)-Aymee Caron d-1685: married Jean Cote
February 27: Ville-Marie (Montreal), birth, (III)-Marie Anne Tessier, Metis, died July 14, 1715, Montreal, daughter (II)-Jean Tessier dit Lavigue, Metis, died December 7, 1734 Ville-Marie (Montreal), and (II)-Louise Caron (1671-1703); married January 27, 1710, Montreal (II)-Bernard Dumouchel (1687-1694)..
April 6: Quebec, baptism Jacques (sauvage).
April 10: Montreal, baptism Jacques Negre, b-1658, a native of Guinee, slave of LeBer.
April 26: St. Jean, birth (II)-Francoise Blanchet, Metis daughter (II)-Pierre Blanchet, b-1646 and (II)-Marie Fournier, Metis, b-1855 daughter (I)-Guillaume Fournier (1619-1699) and (III)-Francoise Hebert, Metis, b-1638
April 26: Cap St. Ignace, birth (III)-Marie Barbe Fournier Metis daughter (II)-Joseph Fournier Metis b-1662 and Barbe Girard.
June 8: Montreal, birth (III)-Charles Lemaitre Metis son (II)-Charles Lemaitre and (III)-Madeleine Crevier, de Bellerive Metis;
July 14: Pte aux Trembles de Quebec birth (III)-Madeleine Normandin Metis daughter (II)-Daniel Normandin, Metis d-1729 and Louise Hayott b-1664
July 18: Ville-Marie (Montreal), birth (II)-Jean Guillemot et Guilmot dit Lalonde son (I)-Jacques Francois Guillemot; 1st married Catherine Ouabenaquiquay, sauvagesse; 2nd married February 20, 1734 Ville-Marie (Montreal) (II)-Charlotte Marchaud b-1709.
July 19: Ursule Adams born March 13, 1674 Hamshire (Oyster River) captured July 19, 1694, baptised April 6, 1697 (likely Quebec?) daughter Charles Adams, Anglais and Rebecca Smith.
August 31: An English ship (William and Mary) defeated seven French ships at Ferryland, Nefoundland.
November 5: Ville-Marie (Montreal), birth, (III)-Helene Tessier, Metis, daughter (II)-Paul Tessier dit Chaumine (1651-1730) and (III)-Madeleine Cloutier (1660-1748); married (I)-Toussaint Rebou et Ribilliau dit Lajoie (epouse (II)-Agathe Vacher & (III)-Helene Tessier).
December 2: Ville-Marie (Montreal), birth (II)-Cunegonde Lefebvre, Metis born December 2, 1694, Ville-Marie (Montreal), daughter (I)-Jean Baptiste Lefebvre (1651-1715) and (II)-Cunegonde Gervaise, Metis, (1657-1724): married April 6, 1717, Ville-Marie (Montreal) (III)-Joseph Descarry (Descaris) b-1691, died April 15, 1747, Ville-Marie (Montreal) son (II)-Paul Descarry (Descaris).
1695
The population of New France is 12,786 French and 853 settled savages.
Acadia, birth Marguerite Cellier dit Charet Metis daughter Unknown Cellier dit Charet (Memcharet)d-1708 married 1682, Acadia, Marie Amerindien.b-1663, died March 7, 1727, Port Royal, Acadia
Michel Germaneau, Metis, born before 1695, died May 15, 1734, Montreal, son Joachim Germano/Germaneau, Metis, and Elisabeth (Isabelle) Couc dit Lafleur/Montour, Metis, b-1667: married April 5, 1717, Montreal Marie Catherine Lapierre/Lecuyer.
Marie Anne Germaneau/Montour, Metis, born about 1695, died April 22, 1730, Quebec, daughter, Joachim Germano/Germaneau, Metis, and Elisabeth (Isabelle) Couc dit Lafleur/Montour, Metis, b-1667: married January 30, 1730 Quebec, Jean Baptiste Montary/Jolicoeur
Quebec, birth, (II)-Marguerite St. Michel, Metis, daughter (I)-Francoise St. Michel dit Rosiers b-1656 and (II)-Marie Artaut, Metis, b-1667; married 1716 Jean Baptiste Brisebois.
Because the French allowed the Coureurs des Bois to trade into the Dakota and Assiniboine country, thereby bypassing the Ottawa and Weddat, they entered into treaty with the Iroquois. This freed the Iroquois to again attack the French settlements with a new fury. The French retaliated with a 2000 man army to invade the Iroquois country. They didn't engage the Iroquois, but burned their villages and crops. The Iroquois, being primarily an agricultural culture, are forced into starvation and are forced into peace discussions that last three years. Sudden ambushes and swift attacks on both sides continued during discussions.
The French King imposed a fine of 2,000 pounds of sugar if a man was convicted of fathering a child by a slave, and the mother and child was seized and given to the religious to work in the hospitals. Few convictions were handed down, as the slave owners claimed that all slaves were promiscuous and, therefore, loose in sexual relations and that they were liars whose word couldn't compare to an upright citizen. Sexual relationships between Europeans and their female slaves were a generally accepted practice and an integral part of their culture.
English Colonial authority had more power to create their own laws. The French and Spanish were forced to follow Roman Law but the civilized laws didn't really apply to slaves, as they were property not people.
Fort Anne, (1695-1708) (Annapolls, Acadia ( Nova Scotia)) is established.
January 2: Ville-Marie (Montreal), birth, (III)-Anonyme Gervaise, Metis child (II)-Louis Gervaise, Metis, b- 1663, and (II)-Barbe Pigeon.
January 24: Quebec, birth (II)-Marie Angelique Bodin, Metis daughter (I)-Pierre Bodin b-1641 and (III)-Angelique Pinguet, Metis b-1672.
January 31: Montreal, birth, (III)-Marie Prudhomme, Metis died October 26, 1714 Montreal daughter (II)-Fras Xavier Prudhomme and (II)-Cecile Gervaise, Metis b-1671;
February 11: Ville-Marie (Montreal), birth, (III)-Charles Gervaise, Metis, born November 18, 1668, Ville-Marie (Montreal), son (II)-Charles Gervaise, Metis and Marie Boyer.
March 24: Montreal, birth (III)-Pierre Goguet, Metis, son (II)-Pierre Goguet and (II)-Anne Charron, Metis, b-1670 daughter, (I)-Pierre Charron (1640-1700) and Catherine Pilliar ou Pilet-Pillard, Metis, b-1651?.
April 11: Levis, birth (II)-Ignace Gesseron, Metis son (I)-Louis Gesseron dit Brulot b-1639 and (II)-Agathe Fournier, Metis, b-1657
April 20: Beauport, birth (III)-Jean Francois Giroux, Metis, died December 18, 1721 Beauport son (II)-Michel Giroux (1661-1715) Beauport and (II)-Marie Therese Provost, Metis (1665,-1743): Married November 14, 1718 Beauport, Marguerite Binet
May 30: Boucherville, marriage (II)-Jean Cadieux, a Coureurs des Bois, born March 12, 1671 Ile de Montreal, was killed 1709 by the Iroquois, is assumed the son (I)-Jean Cadieux (1634-1681) and Marie Valade, b-1644, epouse February 9, 1682, Montreal, Philippe Boudier (weak link); married (I)-Marie Bourdon Pachirini of the Kichesipirini People (Algonquin), born August 8, 1675 Morrison's (Allumette) Island, baptized, August 11, 1675, Boucherville, died after 1717, Quebec, adopted daughter (I)-Jacque Bourdon (1650-1724) and (II)-Marie Menard (1658-1726): (I)-Marie epouse May 26, 1710, Longueuil Antoine Quenneville, b-1682.
July 18: Quebec marriage (I)-Laurent Normandin, Metis son Laurent Normandin and Jeanne Lesourd de Saturnin, eveche de Tours; married (III)-Marie Anne Renault born June 27, 1674, Quebec, died May 19, 1739 Quebec, daughter (II)-Jacques Renault d-1711 and Marie Cliarie b-1639 venve Andre Depost. Tanguay suggests the surname Normandin is Sauvage.
November 5: Montreal, birth (III)-Etienne Charles Lemaitre Metis son (II)-Charles Lemaitre and (III)-Madeleine Crevier, de Bellerive Metis;
November 13: Quebec, birth (II)-Henry Gatien, Metis, died January 25, 1762, Quebec, daughter (I)-Pierre Gaten b-1659 and (III)-Genevieve Pinguet, Metis (1665-1702); married November 21, 1718, Quebec, Marguerite Lafranchise.
December 2: Ville-Marie (Montreal), birth (II)-Cunegonde Lefebvre, Metis, daughter (I)-Jean Baptiste Lefebvre (1651-1715) and (II)-Cunegonde Gervaise, Metis, (1657-1724): married April 6, 1717, Ville-Marie (Montreal) (III)-Joseph Descarry (Descaris) b-1691, died April 15, 1747, Ville-Marie (Montreal) son (II)-Paul Descarry (Descaris).
1696
Governor Miners from St. John ruled thirty-five colonies.
Louis XIV (1638-1715) proclaimed: "to every person, regardless of rank or condition, to leave on a trading trip or to go inland for any reason, under pain of the galleys; and requires all Frenchmen settled with or visiting Natives to take their leave and return, or they will be liable of the same punishment" The expectation was that in essence the Coureurs des Boise would abandon their Country Wives and Metis children and return to French enslavement.
The Acadians had changed masters no less than 14 times in the last century.
Father Charles Albanel (1616-1696), a Jesuit, died at Sault Ste Marie.
The Coureurs des Bois are bypassing the Farmers General who alone can ship the beaver skins to their profit. These merchants of Canada sell their goods at an excessive price to the people of the coast who board them during the winter. The King of France does not receive his share.
(I)-Louis de Baude, comte de Frontenac (1622-1698), Governor New France, destroyed the Iroquois villages of Oneida and Onondaga.
The French army captures an 80 year old Iroquois who is almost blind. The French wished to put him to death, the Indians wanted a quick death by club, but the French savages insisted on slow roasting, by fire, as they have done to many in the past.
A British warship, the HMS Sapphire, 346 ton sank in the Bay Bulls, Newfoundland.
January 16: St. Jean, birth (II)-Marie Genevieve Blanchet, Metis daughter (II)-Pierre Blanchet, b-1646 and (II)-Marie Fournier, Metis, b-1855 daughter (I)-Guillaume Fournier (1619-1699) and (III)-Francoise Hebert, Metis, b-1638
January 29: Ville-Marie (Montreal), birth, (III)-Vital Tessier, Metis, died July 14, 1715, Montreal, son (II)-Jean Tessier dit Lavigue, Metis, died December 7, 1734 Ville-Marie (Montreal), and (II)-Louise Caron (1671-1703)
March 17: Ville-Marie (Montreal), birth, (III)-Marie Anne Gervaise, Metis, daughter (II)-Charles Gervaise, Metis and Marie Boyer.
April: France, The 'Conge de Traite', that allows 25 canoes with three men to trade the interior, issued on May 22, 1681, is repealed by Royal ordinance on April 28, 1696
April 3: St. Thomas, birth (II)-Louis Prou Metis son (I)-Jean Prou (1647-1703) and (II)-Jacquette Fouenier, Metis, b-1659, Quebec daughter (I)-Guillaume Fournier (1619-1699) and (III)-Francoise Hebert, Metis, b-1638
April 26, Quebec, birth (II)-Marie Madeleine Beriau Metis daughter (I)-Jean Vincent Beriau.(1653-1715) and (II)-Marie Cordeau, Metis b-1660; married June 13, 1712 Quebec, Jean Baptiste Chausse
April 28: Montreal, marriage churched likely married 1687 (I)-Jean Bredel, b-1664 to Madeleine St. Jean Lavallee of Nation des Onontagues sauvagesse; Jean 2nd marriage 1703 Lorette (II)-Marie Anne Migneron, epouse January 17, 1712 Quebec Simon Driere
July 22; Quebec birth (II)-Marie Louise Normandin daughter (I)-Laurent Normandin, Metis and (III)-Marie Anne Renault (1674-1739); married September 17, 1715 Quebec Jacques David.
September 12: (II)-Pierre Le Moyner d'Iberville sailed to Placentia Harbor, Fort St. Louis, Newfoundland. Monsieur de Bouillon is Governor of this small place of eighteen men. Three French ships with one thousand men also arrived with instructions to support the taking of Newfoundland. (II)-Pierre Le Moyne'd Iberville et d'Ardillieres (1661-1706), a ruthless, cruel man, led the expedition to clear Newfoundland of the British. The rampage across Newfoundland included burning, looting and the murder of some 200 men. His invasion army included French regulars, New France militia and Indian warriors. He set fire to St. John's, destroyed 36 fishing settlements. He did take 700 prisoners. He conducted his affairs in bad faith, he looted ruthlessly for his own gain and spread terror where ever he went. He would later be accused of embezzlement and illegal trade and tax evasion.
September 23: Montreal, marriage Pierre Garreau to (II)-Marie Guertin, epouse November 16, 1676, Montreal (II)-Jean Lavergne.
October 1: Ville-Marie (Montreal), marriage, (II)-Urbain Gervaise, Metis, son, (I)- Jean Gervaise (1621-1690), and (II)-Anne Archambault, Metis (1621- 1699); 1st married October 1, 1696, Ville-Marie (Montreal) (II)-Marie Caron, died August 8, 1699, Ville-Marie (Montreal); 2nd married March 19, 1701, Ville-Marie (Montreal) (II)-Genevieve Perthus.
November: Fort St. John surrendered and the French destroyed most of the thirty five communities, killing about 200 persons and sending the balance of the people back to England.
November 3/6: Cap St. Ignace, birth/death (III)-Pierre Fournier Metis son (II)-Joseph Fournier Metis b-1662 and Barbe Girard.
1697
St. Francis du Lac, birth (IV)-Joseph Crevier, Metis, died June 19, 1734 St. Francis du Lac, son (III)-Joseph Crevier Metis and (II)-Angelique LeBoulanger; married June 30, 1724 Trois Rivieres, (III)-Marie Charlotte Lemaitre (1700-1761)
Monsieur Guigue is purchasing furs from the Hudson Bay besides the French King's beaver .
(III)-Louis Menard dit Lafontaine et Montour, Metis, b-1697, son (II)-Maurice Menard, b-1664 and (III)-Madeleine Couc dit Lafleur, Metis, b-1669; married, February 5, 1725, Longueuil, (III)-Francoise Robidou, b-1707, daughter (II)-Guillaume Robidou.
(II)-Pierre Le Moyner sieur d'Iberville (1661-1706) is again in the Bay of the North (Hudson Bay).
(I)-Francois Viger, b-1662 married 1697 Acadia Marie Mius, Metis, b-1679 daughter Philippe Mius and Marie Mi'kmaq.
The Jesuit joined the Ville-Marie (Montreal) merchants to persuade the French Government to dismantle its Forts on the upper Great Lakes. The merchants are concerned about an over supply of furs, and the Jesuit hoped to curtail the activities of the Coureurs des Bois.
The English and French make peace.
July 9: Ste. Famille, marriage (III)-Michel Pelletier Metis, b-1694 son (II)-Francoise Pelletier Metis (1635-1688) and (II)-Marguerite Madeline Morisseau; married (II)-Francoise Meneux
February 2: Ville-Marie (Montreal), birth (II)-Jean Baptiste Lefebvre, Metis, died January 5, 1731, Ville-Marie (Montreal), son (I)-Jean Baptiste Lefebvre (1651-1715) and (II)-Cunegonde Gervaise, Metis, (1657-1724): married September 19, 1723 Batiscan (III)-Agnas Lafond, epouse February 15, 1734 Ville-Marie (Montreal) a Picard.
February 3: Ville-Marie (Montreal), birth, (III)-Barbe Gervaise, Metis daughter (II)-Louis Gervaise, Metis, b- 1663, and (II)-Barbe Pigeon.
February 6: Montreal, birth (III)-Marie Francoise Goguet, Metis, daughter (II)-Pierre Goguet and (II)-Anne Charron, Metis, b-1670 daughter, (I)-Pierre Charron (1640-1700) and Catherine Pilliar ou Pilet-Pillard, Metis, b-1651?.
February 24: Cap de la Madeleine, birth (II)-Marie Jeanne Cadau et Cadot, Metis, son (I)-Mathurn Cadotte, Cadau alias Poitevin (1649-1729) and (II)-Marie Catherine Durand, Metis (1666-1708); married February 4, 1726 Batiscan (II)-Jacques Tifaut b-1697 son (I)-Jacques Tifaut.
March 28: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Francois Delpee, Metis, died December 3, 1753, Pte du Lac, son (I)- Francois Singerny also St. Cerny and Delpee (1640-1725) and (II)-Marie Angelique Couc dit Lafleur, Metis, (1661- 1750); married November 14, 1728 Trois Rivieres (III)-Catherine Morisseau b-1702, died November 6, 1750 Trois Rivieres.
April 19; Montreakl
marriage (I)-Pierre You, Sieur De la Decouverte (1669-1718), married likely 1693 Ville-Marie (Montreal) to Elisabeth Sauvagesse
Miami, 2nd marriage Madeleine Juste veuve de Jean Jerome Leguay, married
December 17, 1685 Montreal
FOUR CHILDREN ARE RECORDED
(II)-Pierre You (1698-1703)
(II)-Philippe You b-1699
(II)-Francois Madeleine You b-1700,
married August 12, 1722 Marie Margueriye Dufrost De Lagemmerais
(II)-Joseph Paschal born died April
15/18 1702
Some claim the following children are
Madeleine's but could Elisabeth's??
(II)-Louise You (1706-1728), and
Marie Catherine You b-1708. August 15, 1718, Jean
Richard
May 27: Quebec, birth (II)-Francois Bodin, Metis son (I)-Pierre Bodin b-1641 and (III)-Angelique Pinguet, Metis b-1672; married November 8, 1728 Quebec, Angelique Auger.
June 6: Champlain, birth (III)-Michel Pierre Desrosiers, Metis, died July 13, 1713 Champlain, son (II)-Michel Desrosiers b-1652 and (II)-Marie Jeanne Artaut, Metis
June 13: Boucherville, birth (III)-Jean Baptiste Cadieu, Metis, son (II)-Jean Cadieu (1671-1709) and (I)-Marie Bourdon Pachirini of the Kichesipirini People (1675-1717?): married February 3, 1717, Varennes, Marie Gaudry
June 16: Quebec, baptism Marie Louise a Micmac (sauvage).
July 14: Ville-Marie (Montreal), birth, (III)-Marie Anne Gervaise, Metis, daughter (II)-Urbain Gervaise, Metis, and 1st married October 1, 1696, Ville-Marie (Montreal) (II)-Marie Caron, died August 8, 1699, Ville-Marie (Montreal); 2nd married March 19, 1701, Ville-Marie (Montreal) (II)-Genevieve Perthus.
July 27: Montreal, birth (III)-Catherine Lemaitre Metis died June 27, 1721 Batiscan, daughter (II)-Charles Lemaitre and (III)-Madeleine Crevier, de Bellerive Metis; married (II)-Jacques Francois Lefebvre b-1694
August 2: Beauport, birth (III)-Pierre Giroux, Metis, died April 11, 1738 Beauort son (II)-Michel Giroux (1661-1715) Beauport and (II)-Marie Therese Provost, Metis (1665,-1743); married April 20, 1733 St. Francois, Anne Cecile Gagnon
September 6: Quebec, baptism Joseph a Micmac (sauvage).
September 23: Quebec, marriage, (II)-Laurent Du Bocq, born February 3, 1672, Quebec, Metis son (I)-Laurent Du Bocq b-1636 and Marie Felix Arontio, Huronne, Sauvagesse; 1st marriage September 23, 1697 St. Augustin, Francoise Campagna; 2nd marriage September 10, 1718, St. Augustin, Marie Sevigny.
October 20: Quebec, baptism Marie Louise de l'Acadie (sauvage).
October 22: Ville-Marie (Montreal), marriage (I)-Bernard Dumouchel dit Laroche b-1652, 2nd marriage (II)-Francoise Saulnier, sauvagesse daughter (I)-Gilbert Saulnier veuve de Thomas Morteseigne.
October 28 : Ville-Marie (Montreal), marriage (II)-Jacques Picard b-1672, died January 24, 1735 Longue Pointe son (I)-Jacques Huges Picard, married (II)-Marie Anne Lefebvre, Metis, born July 22, 1681, Ville-Marie (Montreal), died December 27, 1735, Ville-Marie (Montreal), daughter (I)-Jean Baptiste Lefebvre (1651-1715) and (II)-Cunegonde Gervaise, Metis, (1657-1724): 2nd married Seur dite St Michel, congreg de N.D. died May10, 1717, Ville-Marie (Montreal).
November 4: Boucherville, marriage (II)-Pierre Charon, Metis (1672-1737) son (I)-Pierre Charron (1640-1700) and Catherine Pilliad ou Pilet-Pilllard, b-1651?, Indian or Metis: married (II)-Marie Robin, b-1679. (II)-Pierre 2nd marriage July 18, 1734 Longueuil to (II)-Marie Gautier, b-1682, veuve de Gervais Malard, epouse September 30, 1738 Montreal Phillippe Dantin .
December 1/4: Cap St. Ignace, birth/death (III)-Andre Fournier Metis son (II)-Joseph Fournier Metis b-1662 and Barbe Girard.
December 2: Cap St. Ignace?, birth (III)-Dorothee
Fournier Metis daughter (II)-Joseph Fournier Metis b-1662 and Barbe Girard. This
might be an error as Tanguay doesn't have this one born in Cap St. Ignace
1698
The issuing of 25 fur-trading licenses (cunges) in
(III)-Marie Roche Cadieu, Metis, b-1698, daughter (II)-Jean Cadieu (1671-1709) and (I)-Marie Bourdon Pachirini of the Kichesipirini People (1675-1717?): married August 12, 1720 Longueuil, Paul Brazeau.
On (I)-Louis de Baud, Count of Frontenac's, death on November 28, 1698, (I)-Louis Hector de Callieres, (1648-1703) Governor of Ville-Marie (Montreal), moved to Quebec and assumed the position of Governor of New France December 1698 to May 26, 1703.. His first act was to call a peace conference of all the Native Nations for the following year. The conference appears successful, however, no one expected the Iroquois to honor the treaty.
(I)-Jean Garceau (1710-1680) arrived Acadia 1698, married November 20, 1703, Marie Levron. They had 4 sons Pierre Jean, Daniel, Gregorie and Jean.
Monsieur Guigue is purchasing furs from the Iroquois and Monsieur Desevigny,
besides the beaver of the French King's.
It is noteworthy that during prisoner exchange, most English prisoners
held by the French refused to return. The had been well treated,
had joined the Roman Church, and liked the easy going Canadian style which
spoiled their children and did not regard all pleasure as essentially wicked.
It is likely they are also exposed to the Coureurs des Bois culture, as
they are not only tolerated but encouraged during this warring period.
The Iroquois also entered into prisoner exchange, but many refused to return,
having been adopted into the tribe, married and enjoying the greater freedom
of the Coureurs des Bois culture.
(II)-Pierre Le Moyne'd Iberville et d'Ardillieres (1661-1706), between 1698 and1702, commanded expeditions to Louisiana, established Forts Maurepas, Mississipi, Saint Louis (Old Mobile) and engaged in the fur trade. The St. Lawrence Valley ran 40 to 44% under age fifteen.
Jeanne Wannannemim, of Loups, born May 1, 1698 Montreal, veuve Mr. Grant, god daughter Mr Hardouin and Marthe Millets.
Hospital Monks of Ville-Marie (Montreal) are given authority to establish manufactories for the arts and trades on their premises. This is to provide employment for their growing slave and indentured population.
Acadia had a population of 789 people and 50% were under age sixteen.
About 60 Canadians are recruited to go to Biloxi, Louisiana as settlers, they arrived February 1699, and joined 16 Canadians sent out earlier.
January 16: Boucherville, Marriage (III)-Antoine Martin Metis born February 4, 1673 Sorel son (II)-Charles Martin Metis and Catherine Duput (1644-1682); married (II)-Marie Francoise Fevrier b-1682 daughter (I)-Christophe Fevrier
January 25: Ville-Marie (Montreal), birth, (III)-Marguerite Gervaise, Metis, daughter (II)-Charles Gervaise, Metis and Marie Boyer.
February 6: Ville-Marie (Montreal), birth (II)-Jacques Lefebvre, Metis, son (I)-Jean Baptiste Lefebvre (1651-1715) and (II)-Cunegonde Gervaise, Metis, (1657-1724): married 1737 Jeanne Suzanne Picard.
January 9: Ville-Marie (Montreal), birth, (III)-Jacques Tessier dit Lavigne, Metis, son (II)-Jean Tessier dit Lavigue, Metis, died December 7, 1734 Ville-Marie (Montreal), and (II)-Louise Caron (1671-1703); married August 7, 1726, Montreal, (II)-Marie Thomelet, b-1698, epouse January 21, 1732, Montreal, Etienne Lebeau.
February 4; Beauport, marriage (II)-Marie Francoise Vachon, Metis, daughter (I)-Paul Vachon (1630-1703) and (II)-Marguerite Langlois, Metis (1639-1697); 1st married Francois Binet; 2nd marriage February 4, 1709, Beauport, Jean De l'Espinay
February 16: Quebec, baptism Therese Francoise a slave (sauvage) born 1698.
April 2: Ste. Famille, birth (IV)-Marie Pelletier Metis daughter (III)-Michel Pelletier Metis, b-1694 and (II)-Francoise Meneux
April 25: Quebec, birth (II)-Jean Baptiste Gatien, Metis, son (I)-Pierre Gaten b-1659 and (III)-Genevieve Pinguet, Metis (1665-1702); 1st married July 27, 1723 St Francois I.O. (III)-Dorthee Jinchereau; 2nd married February 4, 1731 Trois Rivieres (III)-Louise Beaudry b-1700 and died December 19, 1749 Trois Rivieres.
June 25: Marguerite Rattier daughter Jean Rattier and Marie Riviere is running a brothel and tavern in Rochebelle.
April 28: St. Thomas, birth (II)-Joseph Prou Metis son (I)-Jean Prou (1647-1703) and (II)-Jacquette Fouenier, Metis, b-1659, Quebec daughter (I)-Guillaume Fournier (1619-1699) and (III)-Francoise Hebert, Metis, b-1638
May 29, Quebec, birth (II)-Joseph Beriau Metis son (I)-Jean Vincent Beriau.(1653-1715) and (II)-Marie Cordeau, Metis b-1660; married May 27, 1725, Quebec, Jeanne Bernier
July 13: Ville-Marie (Montreal), birth, (III)-Jean Gervaise, Metis son (II)-Louis Gervaise, Metis, b-1663, and (II)-Barbe Pigeon.
August 3: Ville-Marie (Montreal), birth, (III)-Marie Madeleine Tessier, Metis, daughter (II)-Paul Tessier dit Chaumine (1651-1730) and (III)-Madeleine Cloutier (1660-1748); married October 24, 1718, Ville-Marie (Montreal) (II)-Francois Gautier dit St. Germain b-1691 son St. Germain Gautier.
August 11Champlain, birth Marie Angelique Hubert, Metis daughter Jacques Hubert and (II)-Marie Therese Charron, Metis,
September 9: (St. Nicolas), Quebec, marriage, (II)-Louis Durand, dit Couturier, Metis, born November 14, 1670, Sillery, Quebec, son (I)-Jean Durand (1640-1671) and Catherine (Katherine) d'Annannontak Huronne b-1649; 1st married September 9, 1698, Elisabeth Agnes Michel dit Taillon b-1682, died Mar 12, 1718 St Antoine-Tilly; 2nd marriage January 30, 1719 St. Nicolas, Quebec Jeanne Houde.
September 12: Ville-Marie (Montreal), birth, (III)-Marie Madeleine Gervaise, Metis, daughter (II)-Urbain Gervaise, Metis, and 1st married October 1, 1696, Ville-Marie (Montreal) (II)-Marie Caron, died August 8, 1699, Ville-Marie (Montreal); 2nd married March 19, 1701, Ville-Marie (Montreal) (II)-Genevieve Perthus.
September 25: Boucherville, birth (III)-Pierre Charon, Metis, died March 13, 1742 Bouchervlle, son (II)-Pierre Charon, Metis (1672-1737) and (II)-Marie Robin, b-1679.
November 4: Ville-Marie (Montreal), marriage, (II)-Jean Baptiste Tessier, Metis, died May 20, 1736, Ville-Marie (Montreal), son (I)- Urbain Tessier, (1624-1689) and (II)-Marie Archambault, Metis baptised, 1636, died August 16, 1719 Pte Aux Trembles, Ville-Marie (Montreal); married, November 4, 1698, Ville-Marie (Montreal), (III)- Elisabeth Regnaut, b-1681, died November 11, 1747, Ville-Marie (Montreal), daughter (II)-Antoine Regnaut.
December 12: Montreal, birth (III)-Marie Antoine Goguet, Metis, son (II)-Pierre Goguet and (II)-Anne Charron, Metis, b-1670 daughter, (I)-Pierre Charron (1640-1700) and Catherine Pilliar ou Pilet-Pillard, Metis, b-1651?.
December 17: Quebec, baptism Gabrielle Louise Braquil, l'eglise, b-1682 with the Ursulines.
December 20: St. Thomas, birth (II)-Louis Blanchet, died December 30, 1698 St Thomas, Metis son (II)-Pierre Blanchet, b-1646 and (II)-Marie Fournier, Metis, b-1855 daughter (I)-Guillaume Fournier (1619-1699) and (III)-Francoise Hebert, Metis, b-1638
December 23: Boucherville, birth (IV)-Marie Martin Metis, died January 13, 1699 Boucherville daughter (III)-Antoine Martin Metis (1673) Sorel and (II)-Marie Francoise Fevrier b-1682
1699
The mission Notre Dam de Foye de la Province de Quebec is established this year.
Father Anastasius accepted from the Indians the gift of an Indian girl as a slave.
Batiscan, birth (II)-Rene Cadau et Cadot, Metis, son (I)-Mathurn Cadotte, Cadau alias Poitevin (1649-1729) and (II)-Marie Catherine Durand, Metis (1666-1708); married April 29, 1726 Batiscan Marie Louise Proteau.
Pierre Diereville, a French botanist, on his trip to Acadia wrote in his diary that a cabin boy was whipped en route "to calm the winds".
Quebec, marriage, Rene Freot to (II)-Jeanne Angelique St. Michel, Metis, born February 15, 1683, died April 13, 1746, daughter (I)-Francoise St. Michel dit Rosiers b-1656 and (II)-Marie Artaut, Metis, b-1667.
If a man married in New France before twenty, he was granted fifty livres; the usual age for marriage being eighteen. Girls received the same if married before sixteen; the usual age being fourteen. These gifts are known as the King's pleasure.
(I)- Philippe de Rigaud, Marquis de Vaudreuil (1643-1725) is appointed Governor of Ville-Marie (Montreal), Quebec (1699-1703). Some give him credit of stopping the nearly 100 years of war with the Iroquis started by Champlain..
(II)-Marie Angelique Vegeart, Metis b-1699, Quebec daughter (I)-Raymond
Vegeart (Vegard) dit Laliberte (153-1727) and (II)-Marie Charlotte Charon, Metis
b-1667, veuve November 30, 1686 Boucherville, Claude Louis Lemer: married 1718
Pierre Mazure.
At the close of this century, New France has a pathetic estimated population
of 12,000 people. The English Colony's population, excluding the West
Indies, is estimated as 294,000 people. French Protestants continue
to flood into the English Colonies, along with the Dutch, Scotch, Irish,
and Germans. It is noteworthy that the French continue their
policy of One King (servitude), One Faith; (religious intolerance) whereas
the English colonies embrace liberty, self-government and religious tolerance.
If the French had adopted a more liberal religious policy, New France would
have likely been populated by some 600,000 people.
Monsieur Guigue is purchasing furs from Monsieur Desevigny and from
Canada, besides the beaver of the French King's.
Jean Bouchard de Champigny wrote: Settlers who have become attached to cultivating the land and have fallen at the right place, live quite comfortably, finding advantages that peasants do no have in France, and that is that they are almost all along the river, where they can fish and their house stands in the middle of the front of their property, which surrounds them on the other tree sides. As they do not have to leave it to make the most of it and to cut their wood which grows where their land ends, their work is made much easier. He also said: The men are all strong and vigorous but have no liking for work of any duration; the women love display and are excessively lazy. He also remarked that the indolence of the men and the desire of the woman to live like gentle ladies, kept people poor and the colony's economy backward. No one in Canada starved; not so in France. They had the freedom to hunt, and fish; not so in France. European peasants rarely had horses and carriages for mere social purposes. Most Canadian youth had their own horse, not for work but pleasure. Canadians were not driven to overproduce for the benefit of the seigneurs or Governor, and prefered to spend surplus effort in relaxed enjoyment of their leisure time.
A crop failure at Port Royal, Acadia caused extensive suffering in the colony.
January 5: Pte Aux Trembles, Ville-Marie (Montreal), birth (III)-Urbain Gervaise, Metis, died June 28, 1714 Pte Aux Trembles, Ville-Marie (Montreal) son (II)-Nicolas Gervaise, Metis, (1666-1750) and (II)-Madeleine Payet, b-1677.
January 10: St. Laurent, I.O. birth (III)-Marie Aubin, Metis daughter (II)-Pierre Aubin, Metis born November 20, 1670 Ste Famille and Marie Paradis
February 13: Pte aux Trembles de Quebec birth (III)-Marie Francoise Normandin Metis daughter (II)-Daniel Normandin, Metis d-1729 and Louise Hayott b-1664
February 25: Ville-Marie (Montreal), birth, (III)-Jeanne Gervaise, Metis, died May 23, 1764 Ville-Marie (Montreal), sceur St. Fxupere, C.N.D. daughter (II)-Louis Gervaise, Metis, b- 1663, and (II)-Barbe Pigeon.
March 26: Ville-Marie (Montreal), birth, (III)-Nicolas Gervaise, Metis, son (II)-Charles Gervaise, Metis and Marie Boyer.
April 20: Louis Hector de Callieres (1699-1703) is appointed governor New France on September 14, 1699 to May 26, 1703.
April 27: Quebec marriage (I)-Pierre Normandin dit Sauvage (1673-1733) married (II)-Marie Angelique Cartier (English), born January 28, 1678 Quebec died March 19, 1719 Quebec daughter (I)-Paul Carter b-1647 and Barbe Boyer b-1647. Tanguay suggests all surname Normandin are Sauvage.
May 10: Ville-Marie (Montreal), marriage (II)-Jacques Tessier, Metis, born March 2, 1675, son (I)-Urbain Tessier (1624-1689) and (II)-Marie Archambault, Metis (1636-1719); married May 10, 1699, Ville-Marie (Montreal) (II)-Marie Adhemar b-1679, died May 17, 1754, Ville-Marie (Montreal), daughter (I)-Antoine Adhemar.
May 29: Ste. Famille, birth (IV)-Marguerite Pelletier Metis daughter (III)-Michel Pelletier Metis, b-1694 and (II)-Francoise Meneux; married February 1, 1717 I'IIe Dupas, Nicolas Bibaud
August 16: Acadia, birth (II)-Francois Viger, Metis, died March 1760, Cherbourge, France, son (I)-Francois Viger, b-1662 and Marie Mius, b-1679, married 1723, Acadia, Claire LeJeune.
September 6: Ville-Marie (Montreal), birth, (III)-Jean Baptiste Tessier dit Lavigne, Metis, son (II)-Jean Tessier dit Lavigue, Metis, died December 7, 1734 Ville-Marie (Montreal), and (II)-Louise Caron (1671-1703); married February 9, 1732, Montreal, (II)-Clemence Bouchard, b-1701.
September 28: Quebec, marriage (I)-Jean Molay b-1669 to (II)-Marie Anne Hervieux, Metis, daughter (I)-Isaac Hervieux b-1651 and (III)-Marie Anne Pinguet, Metis (1661-1687).
October 22: Montreal, birth (III)-Jean Baptiste Tessier, Metis son (II)-Jean Baptiste Tessier, Metis (1672-1736) and (III)-Elisabeth Regnaut (1681-1747); married May 20, 1726, Kaskakia, Marie Anne Migneret.
November 17: Quebec, birth (II)-Angelique Normandin Metis religieuse, died October 3, 1742 Quebec daughter (I)-Pierre Normandin dit Sauvage (1673-1733) and (II)-Marie Angelique Cartier (English), (1678-1719)
December 5: Quebec, birth (II)-Marie Madeleine Bodin, Metis, died March 16, 1700 Quebec, daughter (I)-Pierre Bodin b-1641 and (III)-Angelique Pinguet, Metis b-1672.
December 12: Montreal birth/death (III)-Anonyme Durant, Metis child (II)-Ignace Durant (1699-1697) Metis son (I)-Jean Durant (1640-1671) and Catherine Annennontak (Huronne) b-1649.
December 27: Montreal, birth, (III)-Marie Anne Prudhomme, Metis daughter (II)-Fras Xavier Prudhomme and (II)-Cecile Gervaise, Metis b-1671; married October 6, 1727, Montreal, Pierre Demers.
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