FRENCH HISTORY 1800-1849
FRENCH INDEX Return to Main French INDEX
George Washington issued his infamous quote: "All Loyalists should commit suicide".
1785
(VI)-Marguerite Mius, Metis, b-1785, daughter (V)-Paul Mius, Metis, b-1751 Port Royal, Acadia and Marie Leblanc;
A schooner is hauled over St. Mary's rapids into Lake Superior.
Acadians, originally from Nova Scotia, numbering 1,600 sail from France to settle in Louisiana. Some of their relatives had gone there earlier. They will become known as the Cajuns Metis.
Marriage (V)-Jacques Roy, dit sauvage or Metis born 1760 most likely Repentigny son (IV)-Pierre Roy, born January 28, 1734 St. Pierre I.O. and (II)-Catherine sauvage b-1737, died July 26, 1792 Repentigny; married 1785 (IV)- Elisabeth Maurice Lafontaine Lafantaisie b-1767.
(II)-Pierre Vincent, Metis, born April 27, 1756, Longueuil son (I)-Francois Vincent and (III)-Marguerite Tessier, Metis, b-1716; married 1785, Elisabeth Brais.
The Beaver Club in Montreal was established for fur trade veterans of the Pays D'en Hault. It included wealthy fur merchants, retired traders and well connected wintering partners, primarily of the North West Company. It ceased operations in 1825 but restarted in 1827 for a brief period.
The first quarantine station was located on Partridge Island, in the harbour at Saint John New Brunswick.
January 30: Fort Detroit, marriage (IV)-Antoine Bonaventure Campeau born December 7, 1752 son (III)-Antoine Campeau (1702-1759): married to (II)-Angelique L'Enfeant, Metis, likely born Longue Pointe, daughter (I)-Joseph L'Enfant and (IV)-Francois Tessier, Metis, b-1736.
January 30: Fort Detroit, marriage Jean Baptiste Benard (Besnard or Bourjoly): married to (II)-Marguerite L'Enfeant, Metis, likely born Longue Pointe, daughter (I)-Joseph L'Enfant and (IV)-Francois Tessier, Metis, b-1736.
April 4: Terrebonne, marriage Thierry Fournel (Fornel) (likely Thierry born September 13, 1756 Pte aux Trembles, married (V)-Marie Marguerite Forget, Metis, born March 2, 1769 Lacheneye daughter (IV)-Gabriel Forget (1741-1821) and (IV)-Therese Tessier Metis, b-1737.
May 27: Montreal, birth (III)-Marie Anne Guy, Metis, died July 24, 1785 Longue Pointe, daughter (II)-Pierre Guy (1738-1812) and (IV)-Marie Joseph Hervieux, Metis (1743-1785).
May 28: Lachenaye, birth (IV)-Etienne Contant, Metis son (II)-Etienne Contant (1732-1781) and (V)-Marie Joseph Hubou, Metis b-1761 daughter (IV)-Jerome Hubou, Metis b-1728 and (IV)-Catherine Brunet b-1733.
July 18: Montreal, marriage (V)-Pierre Descaris, Metis, son (IV)-Paul Descaris b-1725 Metis and (III)-Marie Anne Gautier, b-1720: married July 18, 1785, (IV)-Monique Desaultels, b-1758 of Longue Pointe.
October 2: Montreal, birth (V)-Rene Ovide Testard, a famous voyager to the northwest son (IV)-Ls Etienne Testard b-1757, sieur de Montigny and (V)-Lse Archange Gamelin b-1762; married to Dupuis Theotiste and has several unrecorded children.
1786
(VI)-Isaac Mius, Metis, b-1786, son (V)-Paul Mius, Metis, b-1751 Port Royal, Acadia and Marie Leblanc;
New Brunswick enacted a Poor Law Act for children in a suffering condition that could bind children into workhouses. Males could be interned until age 21 and females to age 18 or until married. This would begin a cycle of sexual and physical abuse.
John Molson begins brewing beer in Montreal.
January 21: Repentigny, birth (VI)-Marie Elisabeth Roy, Metis daughter (V)-Jacques Roy, dit sauvage or Metis b-1760 and (IV)- Elisabeth Maurice Lafontaine Lafantaisie b-1767.
January 30: Repentigny, marriage (II)-Francois Galeese, married (V)-Marie Tessier dit Lavigne, Metis daughter (IV)-Joseph Tessier dir Lavigne, Metis, b-1736 and (III)-Madeleine Babin
March 16: Lachenaye, birth (IV)-Pierre Gauvreau, Metis son (III)-Francois Gauvreau, Metis b-1760 and (IV)-Marie Louise Forget, b-1762.
March 24: Repentigny, birth Marguerite Labelle, Metis, daughter Prisque Labelle and (IV)-Marie Marguerite Botquin, Metis.
June 29: Depopulating almost a whole parish, a band of five hundred and twenty six immigrants from Loch Nevis, west Highlands of Scotland, sailed with their priest, Rev. Alexander MacDonnell on the ship McDonald, reaching Quebec on September 7 (70 days). Arriving in Glengarry, they built a Roman Catholic Church known as the Blue Chapel.
November 8: St. Augustin, birth Elisabeth Favron, Metis daughter Jean Baptiste Favon and (IV)-Marie Joseph Francoise Morin, Metis born October 12, 1758 St. Augustin daughter (III)-Joseph Morin b-1728 and (V))-Marie Abgelique Letarte, b-1732
December 26: Repentigny, birth (VI)-Bonaventure Roy, Metis son (V)-Jacques Roy, dit sauvage or Metis b- 1760 and (IV)- Elisabeth Maurice Lafontaine Lafantaisie b-1767.
1787
Benedict Arnold, who sided with the British in 1780, now lives Saint John, New Brunswick.
Nicolet, birth (IV)-Pierre Chauvet, Metis, son (II)-Pierre Chauvet dit Lagerne b-1737 and Marie Terrien b-1739; married February 13, 1787 Nicolet Marie Morisset..
(III)-Louis Versailles, Metis, b-1787, died March 15, 1869 son (II)-Luois Bourquin dit Versailles, b-1743 and Magdelaine Montagnaise Sauvage; married Louise Assiniboine, sauvage.
February 5: St. Cuthbert, marriage (II)-Josue Ouatte dit St. Godard to (V)-Judith Prevost, Metis, daughter (IV)-Pierre Prevost, Metis, b-1723 and (III)-Marie Lesiege, b-1726
May 1: St. Cuthbert, birth Marie Madeleine Houde, Metis, daughter Alexis Houde dit Houle , b-1757 and (V)-Marie Louise Prevost, Metis, b-1752.
June 17: Repentgny, birth Marie Joseph Labelle, Metis, son Prisque Labelle and (IV)-Marie Marguerite Botquin, Metis.
October 13: Lachenaye, birth (IV)-Marie Cecile Contant, Metis, died November 23, 1787 Lachenaye daughter (II)-Etienne Contant (1732-1781) and (V)-Marie Joseph Hubou, Metis b-1761 daughter (IV)-Jerome Hubou, Metis b-1728 and (IV)-Catherine Brunet b-1733.
1788
The first person hanged under the British regime was at Kingston of a man accused of stealing a watch. After he was hung it was discovered that he was innocent.
February 26: Repentigny, birth (VI)-Marie Clemence Roy, Metis daughter (V)-Jacques Roy, dit sauvage or Metis b- 1760 and (IV)- Elisabeth Maurice Lafontaine Lafantaisie b-1767.
February 29: St. Cuthbert, birth/death (II)-Anonyme Ouatte, Metis child (II)-Josue Ouatte dit St. Godard and (V)-Judith Prevost, Metis.
October 6: Repentigny, marriage (V)-Louis Charbonneau, Metis, son (IV)-Philippe Charbonneau, b-1734 and (IV)-Marie Joseph Gervaise, Metis, b-1738: married October 6, 1788, Marie Meunier.
November 10: Lachenaye, marriage (II)-Jean Baptiste Hubout (Hubou), Metis b-1654 son (I)-Mathieu Hubou; married Marie Marguerite Goguet, Metis born April 26, 1769 Lachenaye daughter (II0-Rene Goguet.
1789
The Nova Scotia Acadians finally got the right to vote, but those Acadians in New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island still could not vote until 1810. Antigonish, Nova Scotia is established by a group of British soldiers who named it Dorchester.
George Washington became President of the United States at this time A kingship ruled England and France, a Holy Roman Emperor ruled much of Europe, a Czarina ruled Russia, a Shogun ruled Japan and an Emperor ruled China. It is noteworthy that the Iroquois, in 1744 and 1775, told the English colonists to form a Democratic Confederacy like the Indians did both in Canada and the United States.
Montreal is in famine because of exporting too much wheat in a poor crop year.
February 17: St. Cuthbert, birth (II)-Joseph Ouatte, Metis, died April 17, 1789 St. Cuthbert son (II)-Josue Ouatte dit St. Godard and (V)-Judith Prevost, Metis.
April 21: Repentgny, birth Michel Labelle, Metis, son Prisque Labelle and (IV)-Marie Marguerite Botquin, Metis.
May 23: Repentigny, birth (VI)-Jean Marie Roy, Metis son (V)-Jacques Roy, dit sauvage or Metis b- 1760 and (IV)- Elisabeth Maurice Lafontaine Lafantaisie b-1767.
August 30: St. Augustin, birth Rose Favron, Metis daughter Jean Baptiste Favon and (IV)-Marie Joseph Francoise Morin, Metis born October 12, 1758 St. Augustin daughter (III)-Joseph Morin b-1728 and (V))-Marie Abgelique Letarte, b-1732
October: Lachenaye, birth (VI)-Marie Marguerite Hubou, Metis daughter (V)-Jean Baptiste Hubou et Hubout and (III)-Marie Marguerite Goguet, dit Sanssouey, Metis, b-1769
November 5: St. Cuthbert, birth Marie Angelique Houde, Metis, daughter Alexis Houde dit Houle , b-1757 and (V)-Marie Louise Prevost, Metis, b-1752.
1790
The number of illegitimate (enfant du Roi) births recorded in Quebec from 1781 to 1790, was 413, legitimes are 67,908.
Halifax contained 700 houses and 4,000 people.
(VI)-Anseline Mius, Metis, b-1790, daughter (V)-Paul Mius, Metis, b-1751 Port Royal, Acadia and Marie Leblanc;
Col. Philip Luke, a United Empire Loyalist, arrived in Quebec with his entourage of slaves. This year Philip Luke traveled to Florida to put eight slaves to work on his farm. A slave cemetery is established at Saint Armand Station, Quebec. Other known slave cemeteries are Birchtown, Nova Scotia, Priceville and Dresden, Ontario. Jim Dawson points out that the slave cemeteries at Nova Scotia, especially Priceville were in fact freed slaves (Freemen) having escaped from the U.S.A. via the underground railroad. I believe there were also some who sided with the English and gained their freedom as a result.
We fail to recognize that, prior to this time, neither French nor English were democratic nor representative. Only the Indian and Metis were.
The export of wheat, oats and flour from Canada is prohibited to try to reduce high prices.
The British conducted a census of the Province of Quebec. The number of illegitimate (enfant du Roi) births recorded in Quebec from 1781 to 1790 was 413.
It is estimated that the French had imported one million African slaves into the Americas by this time.
July 21: Repentigny, death (VI)-Marie Francoise Roy, Metis daughter (V)-Jacques Roy, dit sauvage or Metis b- 1760 and (IV)- Elisabeth Maurice Lafontaine Lafantaisie b-1767.
August 11: Repentgny, birth Angelique Labelle, Metis, daughter Prisque Labelle and (IV)-Marie Marguerite Botquin, Metis.
October 12: Ste Anne des Plaines, marriage Ignace Lebeau to (V)-Francoise Forget, Metis, born August 15, 1773, Terrebonne, daughter (IV)-Gabriel Forget (1741-1821) and (IV)-Therese Tessier Metis b-1737.
December 22: St. Cuthbert, birth (II)-Josue Ouatte, Metis, died May 12, 1793, St. Cuthbert son (II)-Josue Ouatte dit St. Godard and (V)-Judith Prevost, Metis.
1791
Marguerite Houde, Metis, b-1791, died July 12, 1792 St. Cuthbert daughter Alexis Houde dit Houle , b-1757 and (V)-Marie Louise Prevost, Metis, b-1752.
(VI)-Francoise Mius, Metis, b-1791, daughter (V)-Paul Mius, Metis, b-1751 Port Royal, Acadia and Marie Leblanc;
(III)-Pierre Versailles, Metis, b-1791, son (II)-Luois Bourquin dit Versailles, b-1743 and Magdelaine Montagnaise Sauvage; married June 6, 1825 Red River, Josephte Letendre, Metis, b-1798 daughter Jean Baptiste Letendre, b-1761, Quebec married Josephte Cree Sauvage.
Sir William Pullency bought one million, five
hundred thousand acres of New France for one shilling per acre, and shortly
thereafter, sold half at eight shillings per acre. He started the first major
land grabbing, holding and reselling, at huge profits.
Catholic Highlanders from Scotland settled in Arisaig, Nova Scotia.
In Newfoundland, authorities auction off paupers to the highest bidder. They are indentured
(slavery) to provide domestic and agricultural
service.
The Loyalists on the Saint Lawrence river below Montreal, begin agitating for their own colony, separate from Quebec.
The number of illegitimate (enfant du Roi) births in Quebec are recorded as 411 between 1791 to 1800.
New Brunswick enact a law that women are not allowed to vote, to counter Canadian Common Law that gives women equal rights to men..
April 26: Repentigny, birth (VI)-Marie Desanges Roy, Metis, death November 10, 1791 Repentigny, daughter (V)-Jacques Roy, dit sauvage or Metis b- 1760 and (IV)- Elisabeth Maurice Lafontaine Lafantaisie b-1767.
May 23: Quebec, marriage Jacques Francois Cugnet to (IV)-Angelique Lecompte, Metis, died December 23, 1777, Quebec, daughter (II)-Jean Baptiste Lecomate, Metis and (III)-Catherine Martel de Brouague b-1742.
June: Upper Canada is created, and they offer free land to the Americans. In two years the Americans flood in by the thousands and out number the Loyalists four to one.
August: In Haiti, the African slaves revolt against the French domination.
November 24: Repentgny, birth Joseph Labelle, Metis, died December 4, 1791 Repentgny son Prisque Labelle and (IV)-Marie Marguerite Botquin, Metis.
1792
(VI)-Dominique Muise aka Mius, Metis, b-1792, Port Royal, Nova Scotia, son (V)-Paul Mius, Metis, b-1751 Port Royal, Acadia and Marie Leblanc; married Anne Muise aka Mius`, Metis, b-1780, Port Royal, Nova Scotia daughter Jean Pierre Mius, Metis, b-1742, Cap de Sable, Acadia and Anne Doucet
The introduction of English civil law into Canada specifically forbade inclusion of the English Poor Laws. This action denied the existence of poverty, abuse or degeneracy. The English would, however, adopt the English poor law philosophy.
Joseph Farrow is hanged in Prince Edward Island for rape.
A bill to abolish slavery failed to pass in Lower Canada. July 9th of 1793 the importation of slaves was prohibited. However in 1804, there was 142 slaves in the district of Montreal, and more than twice that many in the Province of Quebec.
August 30: St. Augustin, birth Pierre Favron, Metis son Jean Baptiste Favon and (IV)-Marie Joseph Francoise Morin, Metis born October 12, 1758 St. Augustin daughter (III)-Joseph Morin b-1728 and (V))-Marie Abgelique Letarte, b-1732
November 4: St. Cuthbert, birth (II)-Pierre Ouatte, Metis son (II)-Josue Ouatte dit St. Godard and (V)-Judith Prevost, Metis.
November 20: Repentigny, birth (VI)-Jean Roy, Metis son (V)-Jacques Roy, dit sauvage or Metis b- 1760 and (IV)- Elisabeth Maurice Lafontaine Lafantaisie b-1767.
1793
Jefferson of the Republicans was intent on seizing the Indian Lands in the old Canadian land tract between the Ohio and Mississippi. If it meant war with Canada, so much the worse for the Indians and the Canadians.
The importation of slaves into Canada is prohibited. The institution of slavery, however, is not abolished until 1804 and 1811 in Upper Canada. All slave children born in Upper Canada after this time are to be free at age 25. Most slaves died before their 25th year.
The French promise the slaves in Haiti their freedom if they take up arms against the English. The French, however, do not honor their promises. Toussaint I'Ouverture believed the French united Black military forces to fight the English. The English sent a force of 25,000 men against the slave force and not only repelled the invading army, but only 10,000 English survived to be rescued. Napoleon, in 1803, sent a French army of 44,000 men to recapture Haiti, but would fail.
The outbreak of war between France and Britain stimulated the export of timber from Nova Scotia, especially from New Brunswick. By 1825, New Brunswick is supplying 40 percent of Britain’s timber requirements.
Upper Canada bans the selling and the making of slaves.
January: In France, the National Convention of the French Republic declared their intention of war to the death against all kings and kingdoms, and they began by putting their own King to the guillotine. Ten days later, they opened war with Britain. Edward Charles Genet sailed for America to encourage war between the United States and Canada, promising a French fleet to attack Canada. He also attempted to turn Lower Canada against Upper Canada with a pamphlet titled 'The Free French to their Brothers of Canada'. Canadians to arms! Rebellion is your most sacred duty. Call the Indians to your help. The population of Lower Canada was 160,000, of whom only 10,000 were of British origin. Upper Canada had only 10,000 people, largely of British American origin.
February 11: St. Cuthbert, marriage, (II)-Pierre Manegre to (V)-Marguerite Prevost, Metis, daughter (II)-Pierre Prevost, Metis, b-1723 and (III)-Marie Lesiege, b-1726
July 29: St. Cuthbert, birth Maxime Houde, Metis, child Alexis Houde dit Houle , b-1757 and (V)-Marie Louise Prevost, Metis, b-1752.
November 26: St. Cuthbert, birth (III)-Pierre Manegre, son (II)-Pierre Manegre and (V)-Marguerite Prevost, Metis..
December 11: Repentigny, birth (VI)-Joseph Roy, Metis son (V)-Jacques Roy, dit sauvage or Metis b- 1760 and (IV)- Elisabeth Maurice Lafontaine Lafantaisie b-1767.
1794
General Hospital, Montreal, death Marguerite De Clignancour (1714-1794) age 80, slave of M. De Clignancour (Damours).
Ludivine Doucet, Metis daughter Joseph Doucet and (V)-Ludivine Muise aka Mius, Metis, b-1737; married France (Sauge) Clairmount, Metis son Paul Clairmount and Marie Joseph Mius, Metis, b-1732.
(I)-Donald McKay, b-1753, Scotland, died June 26, 1833, Barney's River, Nova Scotia married 1794, a Native Woman.
(VI)-Marie Elizabeth Muise aka Mius, Metis, b-1794, daughter (V)-Paul Mius, Metis, b-1751 Port Royal, Acadia and Marie Leblanc; married 1820 (I)-Philbert (Filbert) Sylvestre Jacguard, b-1799 Mez, France, died March 1868.
Nearly the entire facility of the Sulpician Seminary of Lyon, who were exiled by the French Revolution, arrived in Montreal.
Between 1758 to 1794 it is estimated that 7,300 French Acadians are deported to France from Ille Saint Jean, Nova Scotia and Saint Pierre et Miquelon.
September 18: Hopital General, Montreal, death, Marguerite Panis, b-1714, slave, Clignancour.
November 3: St. Augustin, marriage Thierry Peltier to (IV)-Marguerite Morin, Metis daughter (III)-Joseph Morin b-1728 and (V)-Marie Angelique Letarte, Metis b-1732:
November 7: St. Cuthbert, birth (II)-Jean Baptiste Ouatte, Metis son (II)-Josue Ouatte dit St. Godard and (V)-Judith Prevost, Metis.
1795
(VI)-Hyppolite Mius, Metis, b-1795, son (V)-Paul Mius, Metis, b-1751 Port Royal, Acadia and Marie Leblanc;
Marriages made by churches other than the Roman Catholic or Anglican are legalized in Lower Canada.
January 27: Ste Anne des Plaines marriage Guillaume Alary to (V)-Marie Louise Forget, Metis, born April 28, 1771 Terrebonne, daughter (IV)-Gabriel Forget (1741-1821) and (IV)-Therese Tessier Metis, b-1737.
May 14: St. Augustin, birth Oliver Favron, Metis son Jean Baptiste Favon and (IV)-Marie Joseph Francoise Morin, Metis born October 12, 1758 St. Augustin daughter (III)-Joseph Morin b-1728 and (V))-Marie Abgelique Letarte, b-1732
April 24: St. Cuthbert, birth (III)-Antoine Manegre, Metis, son (II)-Pierre Manegre and (V)-Marguerite Prevost, Metis
July 16: Repentigny, birth (VI)-Michel Roy, Metis son (V)-Jacques Roy, dit sauvage or Metis b- 1760 and (IV)- Elisabeth Maurice Lafontaine Lafantaisie b-1767.
October 19: Montreal, birth Marie Joseph Curaux (Curot) daughter Michel Curot (Curaux) and (IV)-Marie Joseph Charlotte Hervieux, Metis b-1746; married Montreal (III)-Louis Jecques Guy, Metis, born December 23, 1765 Montreal son (II)-Pierre Guy (1738-1812) and (IV)-Marie Joseph Hervieux, Metis (1743-1785).
November 15: Quebec, married Pierre Valin to (IV)-Marie Derome, Metis daughter (IV)-Louis Derome (1744-1781) and (IV)-Marie Elisabeth LeMarie, Metis b-1742.
1796
(VI)-Joseph Mius, Metis, b-1796, son (V)-Paul Mius, Metis, b-1751 Port Royal, Acadia and Marie Leblanc;
Luce Mius, Metis, b-1796, Acadia, daughter Charles Amand Mius, Metis, b-1752, Acadia and Marie Josephte Mius, Metis; married (I)-Jean Francois d'Auteuil
The Scottish Highlanders had settled from Antigonish to Merigomish by this date.
About 600 Jamaican Maroons (escaped African slaves) are exiled from Jamaica to Canada.
January 12: Quebec, marriage, Paul Hotesse 1st marriage to (V)-Marie Louise Falarneau, Metis daughter (IV)-Louis Galarbeau, Metis and Marie Angelique Grenier; 2nd marriage February 27, 1786 Marie Jeanne Larrive.
January 25: Forty names, headed by Simon M'Tavish, sign a notice denouncing the 'felonious practice of stealing horses and horned cattle' and noting that Ephriam Barnes is a notorious offender, $200 reward.
July 25: Montreal, Marriage Charles Phillips, Indian trader married Jenny Red Bird, Huron and presented two sons and one daughter for baptism.
1797
The last known public slave transaction in
Canada is made at Montreal where Emanuel Allen is sold at public auction.
The sale of Indian women slaves to the fur traders would, however, continue
for many more years. Private sale of slaves would continue for some time.
Nicolet,
marriage Pierre Parant to (IV)-Marguerite Chauvet, Metis, daughter (II)-Pierre
Chauvet dit Lagerne b-1737 and Marie Terrien b-1739; married October 9, 1797
Nicolet
July 21: Quebec City, David McLane an American spy was publicly hung, his stomach cut open and his head cut off. The crowd was horified.
1798
St. John's Island (Ile de St. Jean), with a population of forty five hundred, is renamed Prince Edward Island. Between 1756 and 1815, hundreds of pirates plied their trade on the east coast. Enos Collins (1774-1871) of Liverpool funded three pirates, making enough to found Nova Scotia's first bank (Halifax Banking Company). His estate is valued at 6 million dollars.
June 5: Quebec, marriage (V)-Joseph Lelievre, Metis son (II)-Marie Louise Lelievre, Metis and (IV)- Pierre Fagot b-1753; married Marie Bergevin.
1799
General Hospital, Montreal, death Marie Joseph D'Auteuil (1699-1799) age 100, slave of Dame D'Auteuil.
Legislation allowed town wardens to place out orphans and children as apprentices in workhouses. This is deemed a civilized form of child labor. This contrasted sharply with the family adoption policy of the Native Americans.
April 12: Hopital General, Montreal, death, Marie Joseph Panis, b-1699, slave, D'Auteuil.
FRENCH HISTORY
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